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    CLB 11003 Fluid Mechanics: Introduction To Fluid Systems

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    Arif Hilmi
    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics. It defines a fluid as a substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids are classified as liquids or gases, with key differences in their physical behaviors like compressibility. Examples of fluid systems are given across various fields like weather, vehicles, physiology, sports, and industry. The history of fluid mechanics is also outlined, tracing from pioneers like Archimedes and Bernoulli to modern figures like Reynolds and Stokes.

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    CLB 11003 Fluid Mechanics: Introduction To Fluid Systems

    Uploaded by

    Arif Hilmi
    42 views22 pages
    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics. It defines a fluid as a substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids are classified as liquids or gases, with key differences in their physical behaviors like compressibility. Examples of fluid systems are given across various fields like weather, vehicles, physiology, sports, and industry. The history of fluid mechanics is also outlined, tracing from pioneers like Archimedes and Bernoulli to modern figures like Reynolds and Stokes.

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    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics. It defines a fluid as a substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids are classified as liquids or gases, with key differences in their physical behaviors like compressibility. Examples of fluid systems are given across various fields like weather, vehicles, physiology, sports, and industry. The history of fluid mechanics is also outlined, tracing from pioneers like Archimedes and Bernoulli to modern figures like Reynolds and Stokes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views22 pages

    CLB 11003 Fluid Mechanics: Introduction To Fluid Systems

    Uploaded by

    Arif Hilmi
    This document provides an introduction to fluid mechanics. It defines a fluid as a substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids are classified as liquids or gases, with key differences in their physical behaviors like compressibility. Examples of fluid systems are given across various fields like weather, vehicles, physiology, sports, and industry. The history of fluid mechanics is also outlined, tracing from pioneers like Archimedes and Bernoulli to modern figures like Reynolds and Stokes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    CLB 11003

    Fluid Mechanics
    Chapter 1:
    Introduction to Fluid Systems

    Objectives
    Student should be able to:
    Define fluid
    Classify the type of fluid and its physical
    behaviors.
    Paraphrase examples of fluid system.

    History

    Faces of Fluid Mechanics

    Archimedes
    (C. 287-212
    BC)

    Newton
    (1642-1727)

    Navier
    (1785-1836)

    Bernoulli

    Reynolds

    (1667-1748)

    (1842-1912)

    Stokes
    (1819-1903)

    Fluid Mechanics
    Science that deals with;
    behavior of fluids (liquid or gas) at rest
    (static) or in motion (dynamics).
    Interaction of fluids with solids or other
    fluids at the boundaries

    What is fluids?
    Substance:
    That tends to flow and to conform to the
    outline of its container
    Which deforms continuously under the
    action of shearing forces.
    In the liquid or gas phase.

    Differences between Gas and


    Liquid
    Liquid

    Gas

    Almost incompressible.

    Easy to compress - Changes of


    gas pressure and volume
    accompanied by a change in
    temperature

    Given mass of liquid occupies


    a fixed volume, irrespective of
    the size or shape of its
    container.

    Given mass of gas has no fixed


    volume, it changes volume to
    expand to fill the containing
    vessel.

    Free surface is formed if the


    volume of the container is
    greater than that of the liquid.

    Gas will completely fill the vessel,


    so no free surface is formed.

    Behavior of a fluid in a container

    Differences between Solid and


    Fluid
    Fluid
    Stress () is proportional to
    rate of strain.

    Solid
    Stress is proportional to
    strain, providing that the
    elastic limit is not exceeded.

    Deforms continuously under Can resist applied shear


    action of shearing forces.
    stress () by deforming.

    Contact area,
    A

    Shear stress
    = F/A

    Force, F

    Deformed

    rubber

    Shear strain,
    (angle of deformation /
    angular displacement)

    Deformation of rubber eraser placed between two


    parallel plates under the influence of shear force.

    Shear stress in fluid

    Classification of Fluid
    Newtonian Fluid all fluids in which shear
    stress is directly proportional to the
    deformation rate (obey Newton's law of
    viscosity)
    du

    dy

    Newton's law of viscosity

    Example: Water, air and gasoline.

    Classification of Fluid
    Non Newtonian Fluid All fluids in which
    shear stress is indirectly proportional to
    deformation rate.
    Example: Toothpaste and paint.

    Plastic: Shear stress increases with the rate of


    shear according to the relationship
    =A+ B

    du

    dy

    Where A, B and n are constant.


    If n = 1, material is known as Bingham plastic
    Pseudo-plastic: Dynamic viscosity increases as
    the rate of shear increases
    Dilatant: Dynamic viscosity increases as the rate
    of shear increases

    Classification of Fluid

    Toothpaste, sludge, paint, blood,


    ketchup
    latex , paper pulp , clay
    Water, air and gasoline
    quicksand

    Example of Fluid System


    Fluids omnipresent
    Weather & climate
    Vehicles
    Environment
    Physiology and medicine
    Sports & recreation
    Industrial system

    Weather & Climate


    Tornadoes

    Thunderstorm

    Global Climate

    Hurricanes

    Vehicles
    Aircraft

    High-speed rail

    Surface ships

    Submarine
    s

    Environment
    Air pollution

    River hydraulics

    Physiology and Medicine


    Blood pump

    Ventricular assist device

    Sports & Recreation


    Water sports

    Auto
    racing

    Cycling

    Offshore racing

    Surfing

    Industrial system

    Hydraulic power system


    (water jet)
    Catalytic crackers

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