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    Ions in Solids and Solutions

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    OCRChemistrySalters
    This document discusses ions in solids and solutions. It explains that ions in ionic solids form repeating patterns, and that in solutions, ions separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules. When salts dissolve in water, some ion-ion bonds are broken as the ions become hydrated. This results in new ion-water bonds forming and an energy change. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions containing ions react to form an insoluble ionic compound. Spectator ions are involved but unchanged in the net ionic equation. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases also produce water and spectator ions. The size of hydrated ions and number of water molecules attached depends on factors like ion charge and radius.

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    Ions in Solids and Solutions

    Uploaded by

    OCRChemistrySalters
    33 views24 pages
    This document discusses ions in solids and solutions. It explains that ions in ionic solids form repeating patterns, and that in solutions, ions separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules. When salts dissolve in water, some ion-ion bonds are broken as the ions become hydrated. This results in new ion-water bonds forming and an energy change. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions containing ions react to form an insoluble ionic compound. Spectator ions are involved but unchanged in the net ionic equation. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases also produce water and spectator ions. The size of hydrated ions and number of water molecules attached depends on factors like ion charge and radius.

    Original Title

    CI5.1

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    This document discusses ions in solids and solutions. It explains that ions in ionic solids form repeating patterns, and that in solutions, ions separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules. When salts dissolve in water, some ion-ion bonds are broken as the ions become hydrated. This results in new ion-water bonds forming and an energy change. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions containing ions react to form an insoluble ionic compound. Spectator ions are involved but unchanged in the net ionic equation. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases also produce water and spectator ions. The size of hydrated ions and number of water molecules attached depends on factors like ion charge and radius.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views24 pages

    Ions in Solids and Solutions

    Uploaded by

    OCRChemistrySalters
    This document discusses ions in solids and solutions. It explains that ions in ionic solids form repeating patterns, and that in solutions, ions separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules. When salts dissolve in water, some ion-ion bonds are broken as the ions become hydrated. This results in new ion-water bonds forming and an energy change. Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions containing ions react to form an insoluble ionic compound. Spectator ions are involved but unchanged in the net ionic equation. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases also produce water and spectator ions. The size of hydrated ions and number of water molecules attached depends on factors like ion charge and radius.

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    Ions in solids and

    solutions.
    Ions in ionic solids.
    Cl-

    Na+

    - + -
    + - +
    - + -
    Ions in solution. δ+
    δ-

    δ+ Hydrated ions δ-

    - +

    δ+
    δ-
    δ-
    δ+

    δ+
    δ+

    δ-
    δ-

    δ+ δ-

    δ- Most δ+
    electronegative
    Polar
    Oδ-
    O δ- molecules

    HHδ+ HHδ+
    δ+
    Dissolving.
    δ-
    δ- δ-
    δ-

    δ+
    δ-
    Some δ+
    δ+ δ+
    Some

    δ-
    bonds δ-
    δ+
    δ+
    bonds δ+
    δ- δ-
    made broken δ-
    δ-
    δ+

    δ+

    δ+
    δ+ δ+
    δ-

    δ+
    δ-

    δ-
    δ- δ-

    δ+ - + - δ+ δ-
    δ+
    δ-
    δ-

    + - + δ+ δ+
    δ-
    δ+

    - + - δ- δ-
    δ+
    δ+ δ+
    δ-
    δ-
    δ+

    δ-
    δ+

    δ-
    δ+
    Some Some
    bonds bonds
    broken made

    - + -
    + - +

    - + -
    Some
    bonds
    made -

    - +

    + - +
    Some
    - + - bonds
    broken
    Some
    Dissolving. Some
    bonds
    bonds made
    broken

    Endothermic Exothermic
    For Mg(NO3)2, the ions present in
    solution are Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)

    Try Q1 from CI 5.1.


    Page 40 will help you.
    Precipitation.
    A precipitate is a solid made
    when two solutions react.
    Cl- Na+

    Na+ Cl-
    NO3-

    NO3 - Ag+

    N a+
    Na+

    Cl-
    Spectator ions
    Ag+
    Cl-
    Some
    Some bonds
    bonds
    Ag+ made
    broken

    Cl-
    Ag+ Cl-
    Precipitation. Some
    bonds
    Some made
    bonds
    broken

    Exothermic
    Endothermic
    NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
    NO3-

    NO3 - Ag+

    N a+
    Na+

    Cl-
    Ag+
    Spectator ionsCl -
    Spectator ions
    NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

    Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq)  AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

    Ag (aq) + Cl (aq)  AgCl(s)


    + -

    Ionic equation
    More precipitations:
    Try Q3 from CI 5.1
    Neutralisation.
    Spectator ions
    HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

    H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)  H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

    H (aq) + OH (aq)
    + -
     H2O(l)
    Ionic equation
    More reactions of acids:
    Try Q5 from CI 5.1

    A spectator ion is an aqueous ion


    on both sides of the equation!
    Finally….
    Ion Ionic Water
    radius molecules
    attached
    +
    Na+ 0.098nm 5
    2,8,8

    Mg2+ 15
    2,8,8
    0.078nm
    2+
    Al3+ 0.057nm 26
    2,8,8
    Water of
    crystallisation…
    Cu2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 5H2O(l) 

    CuSO4.5H2O
    Try Q4 from CI 5.1
    The hyperlink below is a good flash
    animation of dissolving:
    ICSD Chem
    Zone Lesson  Dissolve &
    Dissociate_files
    http://www1.icsd.k12.ny.us/chemzone/lessons/03bonding/dissociate.htm

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