Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 23 views

    Acid Mine Drainage: Kantilal Meena Roll No. 13154007 (IDD) 4 Year (8 Semester)

    Uploaded by

    abhiram
    This document discusses acid mine drainage (AMD), which occurs when water flowing out of mines interacts with metal sulfides like pyrite. This causes chemical reactions that produce sulfuric acid and lower the pH of the water. AMD can contaminate water resources with metals and harm aquatic life. The document describes the chemistry of AMD formation and its effects. Common treatment methods are discussed, including the use of calcium oxide, ammonia, aerobic/anaerobic wetlands, and open limestone channels to neutralize acidity and remove metals. Proper mine reclamation is emphasized as the best prevention approach.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Acid Mine Drainage: Kantilal Meena Roll No. 13154007 (IDD) 4 Year (8 Semester)

    Uploaded by

    abhiram
    23 views25 pages
    This document discusses acid mine drainage (AMD), which occurs when water flowing out of mines interacts with metal sulfides like pyrite. This causes chemical reactions that produce sulfuric acid and lower the pH of the water. AMD can contaminate water resources with metals and harm aquatic life. The document describes the chemistry of AMD formation and its effects. Common treatment methods are discussed, including the use of calcium oxide, ammonia, aerobic/anaerobic wetlands, and open limestone channels to neutralize acidity and remove metals. Proper mine reclamation is emphasized as the best prevention approach.

    Original Description:

    acid mine drainage

    Original Title

    persr[1]13154007

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses acid mine drainage (AMD), which occurs when water flowing out of mines interacts with metal sulfides like pyrite. This causes chemical reactions that produce sulfuric acid and lower the pH of the water. AMD can contaminate water resources with metals and harm aquatic life. The document describes the chemistry of AMD formation and its effects. Common treatment methods are discussed, including the use of calcium oxide, ammonia, aerobic/anaerobic wetlands, and open limestone channels to neutralize acidity and remove metals. Proper mine reclamation is emphasized as the best prevention approach.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views25 pages

    Acid Mine Drainage: Kantilal Meena Roll No. 13154007 (IDD) 4 Year (8 Semester)

    Uploaded by

    abhiram
    This document discusses acid mine drainage (AMD), which occurs when water flowing out of mines interacts with metal sulfides like pyrite. This causes chemical reactions that produce sulfuric acid and lower the pH of the water. AMD can contaminate water resources with metals and harm aquatic life. The document describes the chemistry of AMD formation and its effects. Common treatment methods are discussed, including the use of calcium oxide, ammonia, aerobic/anaerobic wetlands, and open limestone channels to neutralize acidity and remove metals. Proper mine reclamation is emphasized as the best prevention approach.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 25

    Acid Mine Drainage

    By
    Kantilal meena
    Roll no. 13154007(IDD)
    4th year (8th semester)

    ACID MINE DRAINAGE

    Refers to the flow of water out of a


    mine that has a very high acidic(low
    pH) after being in contact with air
    and metal

    Pyrite

    Oxygen

    Water

    Acid Mine Drainage


    low pH
    + metals

    Acid mine drainage


    occurrence

    Acid Mine Drainage results from the


    oxidation of sulfide minerals inherent
    in some ore bodies and the
    surrounding rocks.
    Iron sulfide minerals, especially pyrite
    (FeS2), chalcopyrite (FeS.CuS) and also
    pyrrhotine(FeS) contribute the most to
    formation of Acid Mine Drainage

    Oxygen (from air or dissolved


    oxygen) and water (as vapor or
    liquid) which contact the sulfide
    minerals directly cause chemical
    oxidation reactions which result in
    the production of sulfuric acid

    Chemistry of Acid Mine


    Drainage
    Reaction 1
    2FeS2 + 7O2 + 2H2O 4Fe

    2+

    + 4SO4 2- + 4H+

    weathering of pyrite in the presence of oxygen


    and water to produce iron(II), sulfate, and
    hydrogen ions

    Reaction 2
    4Fe2+ + 7O2 + 2H2O 4Fe3+ + 2H2O

    oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III)


    rate determining step

    Chemistry of AMD (contd)


    Reaction 3
    2Fe3+ + 12H2O 4Fe(OH)3 + 12H+

    hydrolysis of Fe(III)
    precipitation of iron(III) hydroxide if pH > 3.5

    Reaction 4
    FeS2 + 14Fe3+ + 8H2O 15Fe2+ + 2SO42- +
    16H+

    oxidation of additional pyrite (from steps 1 and 2) by


    Fe(III) -- here iron is the oxidizing agent, not oxygen
    cyclic and self-propagating step

    Chemistry of AMD (contd)


    Overall Reaction
    4FeS2 + 15O2 + 14H2O 4Fe(OH)3 + 8H2SO4

    Effects of Acid Mine


    Drainage

    Water resources
    Increased acidity
    Depleted oxygen
    Increased weathering of minerals release of
    heavy metals/toxic elements into stream
    Precipitation of Fe(OH)3 bright orange color
    of water and rocks

    Effects of AMD (contd)

    Biological resources
    Low pH and oxygen content water
    unsuitable for aquatic life
    Precipitation of Fe(OH)3

    Increased turbidity and decreased

    photosynthesis

    Effects of AMD (contd)

    Biological resources
    Elimination of aquatic plants change in
    channel hydraulics
    Stress on other biota associated with
    aquatic habitats

    Human resources
    Corrosion of pipes, pumps, bridges, etc.
    Degradation of drinking water supplies
    Harm to fisheries

    Sources of Acid Mine Drainage

    Mine rock dumps


    Tailing ,impoundment
    Underground and open pit mine
    working
    Treatment sludge pounds
    Stock piles

    Treatment
    Chemical Treatment
    1. Calcium Oxide
    2. Anhydrous Ammonia
    Passive Treatment
    1. Wetlands
    2. Open Limestone channel

    Calcium Oxide
    Its Alkaline in nature
    Addition of calcium oxide increase the PH level of
    AMD.
    Cause many of the metals present in solution to
    precipitate as hydroxides and carbonates.
    It has the lowest material cost and is the safest and
    easiest to

    ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
    In

    the gaseous state, ammonia is


    extremely soluble and reacts rapidly.
    It behaves as a strong base and can
    easily raise the pH of receiving water.
    Injection of ammonia into AMD is one
    of the quickest ways to raise water pH.
    It should be injected into flowing water
    at the entrance of the pond to ensure
    good mixing because ammonia is
    lighter than water.

    WETLANDS
    Wetlands have several functions that aid
    in the removal of metals in drainage
    It acts on filtering mechanism of the
    dense plant root system which catches
    any of the suspended solid and
    flocculated particles as they pass through
    the wetland.
    There are two types of wetland which are
    used: 1. Aerobic wetlands 2. Anaerobic
    wetlands

    AEROBIC WETLANDS
    AN AEROBIC WETLAND IS A POND WITH A LARGE SURFACE,
    WHICH COLLECTS AMD WATER AND PROVIDES TIME FOR
    METALS TO AND SEDIMENTS TO PRECIPITATE.

    Aerobic wetlands contain cattails and other wetland vegetation to filter


    water and introduce oxygen, which causes iron to precipitate out of the
    water. They are only about one foot deep, but spread out over a large
    area to hold the same amount of water as the smaller, but deeper,
    components in a treatment system. This surface area also helps expose
    water to oxygen.

    ANAEROBIC WETLAND
    Anaerobic wetlands are shallow ponds filled with organic
    matter, such as compost, and underlain by limestone gravel. It
    used to neutralize acidity and reduce metals to the sulfide
    form.
    In an anaerobic wetland water flows horizontally through organic compost
    and limestone (either in layers or mixed together). Bacteria in the compost
    remove oxygen and sulfate from the water. The bacteria also help to reverse
    the normal chemical reactions by which AMD creates iron oxide, and in doing
    so, some of the acid in the water is neutralize, The limestone adds even more
    alkalinity to neutralize acid.

    Open Limestone Channel

    Its an open, free-flowing channel lined


    with coarse limestone.
    These systems oxidize and precipitate
    metals and add alkalinity to the water.

    The best method to treat


    AMD is prevention
    This can be done by
    using proper
    reclamation methods,
    which prevents air
    and/or water from
    reaching the pyritic
    materials.

    References
    1. Acid mine drainage remediation options: a
    review D. Barrie Johnson*, Kevin B.
    Hallberg,School of Biological Sciences,
    University of Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
    2. The Science of Treating Acid Mine
    Drainage and Smelter Effluents By
    Bernard Aub, P. Eng., M.A.Sc. EnvirAub
    361 Aumais, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue Qubec,
    Canada, H9X 4A9
    3. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage
    4. www.wvu.edu/~agexten/landrec/water.htm

    THANK YOU

    You might also like