1648 Manual

When printed this document may NOT be controlled
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TPM019_02
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Issue:
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
JOHN CRANE EAA

TECHNICAL PRODUCT MANUAL
TPM 019_02
Type 1648 Seal Cartridge
(API 682/ ISO 21049 Type A, Arrangement 1 Single Seal Cartridge)
Author: Ryad Anabtawi

Approved: Peter Bowden/ Andy Talmage
Issue: 02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Copyright John Crane UK Limited* 2005. This document and the information contained in it is proprietary to
John Crane UK Limited* and reproducing it whether by photocopying or storage in any medium by electronic means
or otherwise is strictly prohibited."
* Or John Crane EAA subsidiary company

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Page 2 of 29
Issue:
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
INDEX
1.0
1.1
1.2
GENERAL
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD DESIGN & OPTIONS
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
DRAWING INDEXES
SEAL DESCRIPTION, FEATURES & BENEFITS
HARDWARE ADAPTATION LIMITS

MATERIALS: STANDARD & OPTIONS
MATING RINGS: STANDARD DESIGN & OPTIONS
CODING: SEAL PARTS & MATERIAL CODES
SEAL PERFORMANCE & LIMITS

DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
DYNAMIC SEALING PRESSURE RATING
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
STATIC SEALING PRESSURE RATING
REVERSE PRESSURE/ VACUUM OPERATION
TEMPERATURE
SPEED
VISCOSITY
LEAKAGE
POWER CONSUMPTION / HEAT GENERATION
FLUSH REQUIREMENTS
BREAKOUT TORQUE
DRY RUNNING
SOLIDS & POLYMERISING HANDLING
HAZARDOUS DUTIES & HAZARDS ANALYSIS
AXIAL FLEXIBILITY AND MISALIGNMENT CAPABILITIES
SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM INFORMATION
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
INSTALLATION DATA
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
RELATED DOCUMENTS / MARKETING DATA

EXPERIENCE LIST & REFERENCES
COMPETITION OFFERING: EQUIVALENT COMPETITORS SEALS
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
7.0
REVISIONS & AMENDMENTS
TYPICAL INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

OEM STANDARDS / PUMP FITTABILITY
INSTRUCTION MANUAL (IM)
PRODUCT DATA SHEET
CRITERIA FOR INSTALLATION

PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE
RECONDITIONING PROCEDURE
FAILURE MODE ANALYSIS
STORAGE, PACKAGING & TRANSPORTATION

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1.0
GENERAL
1.1
DRAWING INDEXES
Drawing indexes for the full range of Type 1648 seals can be found on PDM by performing a
GENERAL search and typing T-1648* into the name field.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: SEAL ORIGIN - TYPE 48 SERIES
The T1648 seal evolved from the T48 seal family (T48LP/ MP/ HP) that was specifically designed
for light hydrocarbon services. The T48 series design is originally a development of the type
8B1 seal.
With the introduction of American Petroleum Institute (API) Seals Standard 682/ ISO 21049, the
T48 seal line was designated as JC standard for general hydrocarbon processing applications
including Non-hydrocarbons (water, limited acids, caustic and other crystallizing liquids), NonFlashing Hydrocarbons, and Flashing Hydrocarbons.
The T48 seals have been the preferred choice for safe, reliable, single and dual unpressurised
and pressurised seal arrangements in petroleum services for many years. These reliable,
engineered mechanical seals have been developed specifically to attain Maximum Achievable
Control Technology (MACT) compliance in hydrocarbons and other Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOC). These seals will control process emissions to less than 500 ppm.
For detailed information on T48 Series Seals, see the latest issue of TPM 006 entitled
John Crane Type 48 Series Seals, which can be found on the EAA Engineering Intranet.
1.2
SEAL DESCRIPTION, DESIGN FEATURES & BENEFITS
SEAL DESCRIPTION
The T48 seals are optimised for three pressure categories by the use of any one of three
standard Primary Ring designs. The three standard seal design versions are the T48 LP, (Low
Pressure) seal, the T48 MP (Moderate Pressure) seal and the T48 HP (High Pressure) seal.
Type 1648 MP
Plain design
LP = Low Pressure
Hammerhead design
MP = Moderate Pressure
Hydro-padded design
HP = High Pressure

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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
T1648 Seal three standard Primary Ring designs
Combinations of these seals allow for single type 1648, dual unpressurised (tandem) type 2648,
and dual pressurised (double) type 3648 seal arrangements. The T48 seals can also be utilised
in conjunction with a variety of containment seals.
TYPE 1648 SINGLE SEAL CARTRIDGE
The T1648 is an API 682/ ISO 21049 Type A, Arrangement 1, Single seal cartridge using
one of three standard seal units; T48LP, T48MP, or T48HP.
This Type A single seal is the primary default selection on which John Crane API 682/ ISO
21049 offering is based.
T1648 seal is a multi-spring, Pusher o-ring, hydraulically balanced cartridge seal designed for
lower, moderate and high-pressure applications.
This single cartridge seal is designed to provide low emissions and low leakage for
most refinery applications. It is applied in Non-Hydrocarbon, Non-Flashing Hydrocarbon, and
Flashing Hydrocarbon services. It is also available in a stationary seal version.
DESIGN BENEFITS
Low emission
Designed to satisfy U.S.A federal, state, and local regulatory requirements, the T1648
single seal provides effective sealing with emission control (less than 500 ppm (part per
million) - EPA Method 21) for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) services.
The leakage containment device supplied as a default is a solid Carbon Floating
Bushing; it is also available with a Fixed or Segmented Carbon Bushing.
Application specific, flexible design

T1648 Seals are application specific with the proper selection of Primary Ring and
Mating Ring materials. For higher duty applications, the T48HP uses special hydropadded face geometry. Tighter tolerances, smoother sliding surfaces and no Antiextrusion ring reduce secondary seal drag.
Computer optimised seal face design

Computer modeling minimises distortion. Each seal has the built-in capability to offset the
combined effects of pressure distortion, thermal distortion, and heat generation on
leakage and wear.
Optimised materials
For optimal performance, the seal face materials are specified Antimony filled Carbon
Graphite versus reaction bonded Silicon Carbide, as standard.
Maximum cooling
Distributed Flush is supplied as standard.

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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
SIZE RANGE
Seal size:
Shaft size:
30 mm -120 mm (1.5- 4.875)

25 mm -111 mm (1.000 - 4.375)
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Heavy and light Hydrocarbons

Fuel oil, lubricating oil, gasoline, etc. (Crude oil distillation products)
Benzene, Toluene, solvents, etc. (Aromatic distillation products)
Chemicals, caustics, aqueous solutions, lubricating liquids and some acids
Industrial applications involved in the processing of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
and similar hazardous products.
DESIGN FEATURES
Easy-to-install cartridge design with spigot fit

Evolved from successful, performance proven T48 & T 8B1 designs
Can be upgraded to T48XP LaserFace design using a different flush & mating
ring arrangement
Complies with API 682 and ISO 21049 technical design requirements
Qualification Tested* as per API 682 / ISO 21049 requirements for flashing
hydrocarbon services
Qualification tested on water for non-hydrocarbon services
Fits ISO 21049 / API 682 Table 1 and 2 seal chambers
Standard materials as per API 682/ ISO 21049
Computer optimised low emission seal face designs
Distributed flush optimises circulation of liquid at faces and prevents trapped vapour
T1648-2/1648-3 available with pumping ring when utilising an API Flush Plan 23
* API 682 TEST QUALIFICATIONS

All arrangements of John Cranes API 682 / ISO 21049 Type A seals have been qualification
tested on propane in accordance with API 682/ ISO 21049 protocol for flashing hydrocarbon
services. Additionally the Type 1648 has been qualification tested on water, qualifying it for nonhydrocarbon services. As required, the test includes a minimum of a 100-hour steady state, 4hour static, and cyclic portion. During the cyclic portion, the process liquid is flashed to vapour a
minimum of 5 times. Further, a 50 mm (2 inch) and 100 mm (4 inch) seal of each arrangement is
tested.
Emissions during the flashing hydrocarbon test are measured in accordance with
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 21. John Cranes testing facilities include the
ability to test propane, cold oil, hot oil, water, and caustic.
API Qualification Tests and Test Certificates (if available) for the T48 seal series can be found
on the EAA Engineering Intranet at this location:
EAA / Engineering / Mechanical Seals / Applications / API Certification

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Issue:
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
2.0
DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION
Drawing indexes for the full range of Type 1648 seals can be found on PDM by performing a
GENERAL search and typing T-1648* into the name field.
2.1
STANDARD SEAL DESIGN
T1648 is a multi-spring, Pusher O Ring, hydraulically balanced, low emission cartridge seal
designed for low, moderate & high pressure applications, up to 69 bar g (1000 psi g).
As a standard, the Primary Ring can be any one of the three designs, LP, MP or HP, depending
on the process pressure requirements. (Please refer to EAA10000 - Sheets 1, 2, 3 & 4 for
T1648 LP/ MP /HP Seal Cartridge designs).
The Primary Ring runs against a standard, chamfered, square-section PH Type Mating Ring.
The Distributed Flush arrangement is provided as standard.
The leakage containment device is a spring-loaded solid Carbon Floating Bushing, which is
supplied as a standard. (For detailed data on Carbon floating Bushing and their preferred
materials please refer to the latest issue of Technical Bulletin TB 005 entitled: Carbon Floating
Bushing for Leakage Containment which can be found on the EAA Engineering Intranet).

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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Standard T1648 2 & T1648 3 Seal Cartridge with Floating Bush and Distributed Flush
Ref.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
Description
O-Ring
O-Ring
Primary Ring
Retainer
Thrust Ring
Snap Ring
Cup Point Set screw
Spring
Mating Ring
O-Ring
O-Ring
Ref.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Description
Sleeve
Gland plate
Auxiliary Gland
Floating Bushing
Bush Spring
Drive Collar
Setting washer
Hex Head Screw
Cup Point Set screw
Socket Head Screw
Plug1 (not shown)
1. Please note that API 682/ ISO 21049 standard requires Stainless Steel plugs to be fitted onto the
seal cartridge. These should be removed on installation. The plugs should be shown on the General
Arrangement (GA) drawing and should also be itemised (number-referenced) on the Parts List.

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TPM019_02
Page 8 of 29
Issue:
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
STANDARD DESIGN DISTRIBUTED FLUSH
A Distributed Flush with improved heat

transfer characteristics for high heat loads is
supplied as standard. This design has a
Mating Ring annulus around the outside
diameter which is used in conjunction with a
chamfered, square-section, PH Type
Mating Ring to provide even circumferential
cooling and direct the flow at the sealing
faces.
DESIGN OPTIONS
For T1648 LP/ MP /HP Seal Cartridge designs and full list of optional materials available, refer to
EAA10000 - Sheets 1, 2, 3, & 4
The seal is available with either a Fixed or Segmented Bushing option (for data on Segmented
Bushing refer to TB 005 entitled: Carbon Floating Bushing for Leakage Containment which can
be found on the EAA Engineering Intranet) and with a single point Extended Flush arrangement.
T1648-2 with Distributed Flush and Segmented Bushing
T1648-2 with single point Extended Flush and Fixed Bushing

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TPM019_02
Page 9 of 29
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
FLUSH OPTIONS
Extended Flush
The seal is available with an
Extended Flush option. This is a
single point injection providing
maximum exposure of the Mating
Ring surface to the process fluid for
cooler running.
SEAL UPGRADE
Type 1648 seal can be upgraded with some hardware modifications to meet the
requirements of the T48XP LaserFace design standard for flashing light hydrocarbon
services.
For design guidelines and description of all the necessary modifications required for this
upgrade please refer to Technical Bulletin TB 040 entitled LaserFace Upgrade Guideline
for Light Hydrocarbon Seals 1648 and 2648. The modifications described in this document
will enable the upgraded seal to match the T48XP LaserFace performance as laid out in
the Technical Product Manual TPM 010. These documents are available on the EAA
Engineering Intranet.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(NOTE:-
JOHN CRANE INC. (NORTH AMERICA) STANDARD VERSION
John Crane Inc. (North America) offering is based on separate arrangements for Categories lI & lll of
API 682/ ISO 21049 standard:
Single point injection with fixed bushing for Category II

Distributed flush with segmented floating bushing for Category III
Please note this is for information only. Only the seals standard design and options described
earlier in section 2.1 are relevant to EAA.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.2
HARDWARE ADAPTATION LIMITS
This section is not applicable.

2.3
MATERIALS: STANDARD & OPTIONS
It is essential that the selection of materials used in the construction of the seal should be
made with regard to their temperature and chemical resistance/ compatibility with the liquid
being pumped. The following table lists the seal components and their standard & optional
materials:
John Crane UK Limited* and reproducing it whether by photocopying or storage in any medium by electronic means or
otherwise is strictly prohibited."

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TPM019_02
Page 10 of 29
Issue:
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Material Options 1
& (JC Material Code)
Seal component
Standard Material
Primary Ring
(LP/ MP/ HP
designs)
- API 682/ ISO 21049

Antimony
Impregnated
Carbon (530)
- API 682/ ISO 21049 Resin Impregnated

Carbon (606)
- Resin Impregnated Carbon (171)
- Antimony Impregnated Carbon (218)
- Nickel bonded Tungsten Carbide (528)
- Tungsten Carbide (005)
Mating Ring
PH Type
- API 682 Reaction

Bonded Silicon
Carbide (509)
- Free Sintered Silicon Carbide (277)

- API 682/ ISO 21049 Free Sintered Silicon
Carbide (546)
- Reaction Bonded
Silicon Carbide (088)
Hardware:
- Retainer
- Thrust Ring
- Snap Ring
- Cup Point Set
Screw
- Hex Head Screw
- Cap Head Screw
- Sleeve
- Drive Collar
- Setting washer
- Plug
- Gland Plate
- Auxiliary Gland
- Cup Point Set
Screw for Drive
Collar
(Projects only)
316 Stainless Steel

(001)
Metal to suit process
ASTM A453 Gr.660

class C (712)
- Spring
- Bushing Spring
Floating Bushing 2
Hastelloy C-276
(033)
None
Resin Impregnated
Carbon- Graphite
(171)
John Crane UK Limited* and reproducing it whether by photocopying or storage in any medium by electronic
means or otherwise is strictly prohibited."

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TPM019_02
Page 11 of 29
Issue:
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Seal component
Standard Material
O Ring
- Fluorocarbon -Viton
(134)
Material Options 1
Note: Select Elastomer to suit application

- Peroxide cured Perfluoroelastomer (394)
- Nitrile (130)
- Perfluoroelastomer (230)
- Ethylene Propylene (135)
- Kalrez 1050LF (493)
1 Refer to EAA10000 - Sheets 1, 2, 3 & 4 for T1648 LP/ MP /HP Seal Cartridge designs and full list of optional
materials available.
2 Refer to the latest issue of Technical Bulletin TB 005 entitled: Carbon Floating Bushing for Leakage
Containment which can be found on the EAA Engineering Intranet.
TESTED/ PROVED MATERIAL GRADE COMBINATIONS
This data can be found within the relevant API Qualification Tests for the T48 LP/ MP/ LP
series seals on the EAA Engineering Intranet at this location:
EAA / Engineering / Mechanical Seals / Applications / API Certification
2.4
MATING RINGS: STANDARD DESIGN & OPTIONS
The PH Type Mating Ring design is used with this seal.

This is based on the Type P Type Mating Ring but the
design has been adapted to allow for a Distributed Flush
arrangement. For more information on PH Type Mating
Ring, please refer to Drawing
no. EAA10001.
PH Type Mating Ring
2.5
CODING: SEAL PARTS & MATERIAL CODES
For full details of John Crane seal coding system please refer to John Crane Coding System
which can be found on the EAA Engineering Intranet at this location:
EAA / Product Coding system (PCS) / Section A Product Coding Rules / Existing Coding Rules /
John Crane Existing Coding Rules
Type 1648 seal is coded according to the John Crane Coding System (on EAA Engineering
Intranet) using the 16 character Seal Header Code format used for standard seals, as follows:
Seal Size code / Seal Type / Seal variant / Mating ring / Group Material Code
4
xxxx
1648
xx
xx
(number of characters)
xxxx
John Crane UK Limited* and reproducing it whether by photocopying or storage in any medium by electronic
means or otherwise is strictly prohibited."

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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Please note that a 10-character code, i.e. Part Reference Number is used for seal components,
as follows:
Part Reference Number
Seal Size Code / Shape (also known as Part Mid code) / Material Code
xxxx
/
xxx
/
xxx
4
/
3
/
3
( no. of characters)
(Note: Generation of Seal Size Code
Size: 4 digit - all numeric code
Quoted in Millimetres to one decimal (inch sizes are converted to Millimetres) and put in format as below
with forth digit as decimal place.
Examples:
3 mm = 0030
30 mm = 0300
1 Inch is 25.4 mm = 0254
300 mm = 3000
2 3/8 " = 0603)
3.5 mm = 0035
Seal Type 1648 component codes and standard material codes are listed in the following table:
Seal Component

Size /shape (Part Mid code) /Material code
xxxx/xxx /xxx
Standard Material 1
3 Primary Ring
designs:
1- Plain face LP
2- Hammerhead MP
3- Hydro-pad HP
Mating Ring
Hardware:
- Retainer
- Thrust Ring
- Snap Ring
- Cup Point Set Screw
- Hex Head Screw
- Cap Head Screw
- Sleeve
- Drive Collar
- Setting Washer
- Plug
- Gland Plate &
- Auxiliary Gland
x x x x / C40 / 530
x x x x / C41 / 530
x x x x / C42 / 530
API 682/ ISO 21049

Antimony Impregnated
Carbon ( 530)
x x x x / C44 / 509
- API 682/ ISO 21049

Reaction Bonded Silicon
Carbide (509)
x x x x / D97 / 001
x x x x / H86 / 001
x x x x / 096 / 001
x x x x / 305 / 001
x x x x / 300 / 001
x x x x / 301 / 001
Refer Drawing EAA10012
x x x x / H88 / 001
x x x x / H89 / 001
x x x x / Q23 / 001
Refer Drawing EAA10011
x x x x / H90 / 001
316 Stainless Steel

(001)

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TPM019_02
Page 13 of 29
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Seal Component

Size /shape (Part Mid code) /Material code
xxxx/xxx /xxx
Standard Material 1
- Cup Point Set Screw

(Projects only)
x x x x / 305 / 712
- Spring
- Bush Spring
x x x x / 092 / 033
x x x x / 092 / 033
Alloy C-276 (Hastelloy C)

(033)
Floating Bushing
x x x x / G93 / 171
Resin Impregnated
Carbon Graphite (171)
O Ring
x x x x / 123 /134
Fluorocarbon Viton (134)
1 Refer to EAA10000 - Sheets 1, 2, 3 & 4 for T1648 LP/ MP /HP Seal Cartridge designs and full list of optional
materials available.
2 Refer to Mating Ring Drawing no. EAA10001.
3.0
SEAL PERFORMANCE & LIMITS
3.1
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
The T1648 LP/ MP/ HP seals are rated for both light hydrocarbon and lubricating fluids.
The pressure limits were developed based on an evaluation of important criteria, some of which
are listed below:
O-Ring extrusion
Antimony Carbon* vs. Reaction Bonded SiC face materials
Three year (extrapolated) seal life
For light hydrocarbons the seal chamber pressure is a minimum of 3.5 bar (50 psi) above
the fluid vapour pressure at pumping temperature
* A Tungsten Carbide (optional material) Primary Ring is unsuitable for use on high Vapour
Pressure (VP) services. An Engineering review is required to check that all potential of unlubricated function of the seal face is eliminated.
3.2
DYNAMIC SEALING PRESSURE RATING
For the standard T1648 Cartridge with T48 HP seal head incorporating the Hydropad Primary
Ring design, the Dynamic Sealing Pressure Rating (DSPR) is up to a maximum of 69 bar g (1000
psig).
Refer to EAA Engineering for applications above the pressure limit specified.

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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
TYPE 1648 LP PRSSURE LIMITS
Pressure in
Seal head
Size (In)
Seal head
Size (mm)
Lubricating Lubricating
Fluid
Fluid
@ 1800 rpm @ 3600 rpm
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.625
1.750
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.250
2.375
2.500
2.625
2.750
2.875
3.000
3.125
3.250
3.375
3.500
3.625
3.750
3.875
4.000
4.125
4.250
4.375
4.500
4.625
4.750
4.875
5.000
bar g
25.40
28.58
31.75
34.93
38.10
41.28
44.45
47.63
50.80
53.98
57.15
60.33
63.50
66.68
69.85
73.03
76.20
79.38
82.55
85.73
88.90
92.08
95.25
98.43
101.60
104.78
107.95
111.13
114.30
117.48
120.65
123.83
127.00
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
63.1
51.0
57.2
50.7
46.6
43.4
40.0
36.9
35.2
31.7
30.7
27.6
27.2
26.2
24.8
32.4
26.9
21.4
26.9
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
64.8
60.7
57.2
53.1
49.7
47.2
45.2
42.4
41.4
38.6
37.2
35.5
34.5
33.4
32.1
31.0
30.0
29.0
28.3
27.2
26.2
24.8
23.1
22.8
21.4
21.0
Light
Light
Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon
@ 1800 rpm @ 3600 rpm
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
59.3
69.0
68.6
55.5
51.7
45.5
42.4
40.7
39.3
34.8
31.0
24.8
28.3
24.8
22.8
21.0
19.7
17.9
17.2
15.5
15.2
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.1
15.9
13.1
10.3
13.1
69.0
69.0
63.1
57.9
53.8
47.9
44.5
40.3
37.6
35.5
32.4
30.3
28.6
27.2
25.2
24.8
23.1
22.1
21.0
20.3
19.7
17.9
17.2
15.5
15.2
13.4
13.1
12.8
12.1
12.8
13.1
10.3
11.7

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T1648 LP Pressure Limits for Lubricating Fluid
80
@ 1800 rpm
70
@ 3600 rpm
Pressure [ Bar g]
60
50
40
30
20
10
95
.3
10
1.
6
10
8.
0
11
4.
3
12
0.
7
12
7.
0
88
.9
82
.6
76
.2
69
.9
63
.5
57
.2
50
.8
44
.5
38
.1
31
.8
25
.4
Seal Size [mm]
T1648 LP Pressure Limits for Light Hydrocarbon
Pressure [ Bar g]
80
70
@ 1800 rpm
60
@ 3600 rpm
50
40
30
20
10
0.
7
4.
3
8.
0
1.
6
.3
7.
0
12
12
11
10
10
95
.9
88
.2
.6
82
.9
76
69
.5
63
.2
57
.8
50
.5
44
.1
38
.8
31
25
.4
Seal Size [m m ]
Important note
These graphs provide approximate values. For precise data please refer to the T1648 LP
Pressure Limits table.

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TPM019_02
Page 16 of 29
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Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
TYPE 1648 MP PRSSURE LIMITS
Pressure in
bar g
Seal head Seal head
Size (In) Size (mm) Lubricating Lubricating
Light
Fluid
Fluid
Hydrocarbon
@ 1800 rpm @ 3600 rpm
@ 1800 rpm
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.625
1.750
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.250
2.375
2.500
2.625
2.750
2.875
3.000
3.125
3.250
3.375
3.500
3.625
3.750
3.875
4.000
4.125
4.250
4.375
4.500
4.625
4.750
4.875
5.000
5.250
5.375
5.875
25.40
28.58
31.75
34.93
38.10
41.28
44.45
47.63
50.80
53.98
57.15
60.33
63.50
66.68
69.85
73.03
76.20
79.38
82.55
85.73
88.90
92.08
95.25
98.43
101.60
104.78
107.95
111.13
114.30
117.48
120.65
123.83
127.00
133.35
136.53
149.23
Light
Hydrocarbon
@ 3600 rpm
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
63.4
58.6
51.7
49.3
47.6
44.5
41.7
35.5
34.5
32.8
30.0
41.4
40.3
41.0
34.8
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
64.8
60.7
57.2
53.1
50.3
47.2
45.2
42.4
39.7
38.6
37.2
35.5
34.5
33.4
32.1
31.0
30.0
29.0
28.3
27.6
26.2
24.8
23.1
23.4
22.8
21.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
52.4
53.8
54.5
53.4
46.9
42.8
42.4
42.1
35.5
31.0
29.0
25.5
24.1
23.4
21.7
20.3
17.2
16.9
15.9
14.5
20.0
19.7
20.0
16.9
69.0
69.0
63.1
57.9
52.1
47.9
44.5
40.3
37.6
35.5
32.4
30.7
28.6
27.2
25.2
24.8
23.1
22.1
21.0
20.3
19.7
19.0
18.3
17.9
17.3
16.9
16.6
14.5
14.1
12.8
13.4
12.8
11.7
38.3
38.3
41.0
16.9
19.7
18.3
18.6
18.6
20.0
9.0
11.0
10.3

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 17 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
T1648 MP Pressure Limits for Lubricating Fluid
80
@ 1800 rpm
70
@ 3600 rpm
Pressure [ Bar g]
60
50
40
30
20
10
95
.3
10
1.
6
10
8.
0
11
4.
3
12
0.
7
12
7.
0
13
6.
5
88
.9
82
.6
76
.2
69
.9
63
.5
57
.2
50
.8
44
.5
38
.1
31
.8
25
.4
Seal Size [mm]
T1648 MP Pressure Limits for Light Hydrocarbon
80
@ 1800 rpm
70
@ 3600 rpm
Pressure [ Bar g]
60
50
40
30
20
10
95
.3
10
1.
6
10
8.
0
11
4.
3
12
0.
7
12
7.
0
13
6.
5
88
.9
82
.6
76
.2
69
.9
63
.5
57
.2
50
.8
44
.5
38
.1
31
.8
25
.4
Seal Size [mm]
Important note
These graphs provide approximate values. For precise data please refer to the T1648 MP

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 18 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
TYPE 1648 HP PRSSURE LIMITS
Pressure In
bar g
Seal head Seal head
Size (In) Size (mm) Lubricating Lubricating
Light
Light
Fluid
Fluid
Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon
@1800 rpm @3600 rpm
@ 1800 rpm @ 3600 rpm
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.625
1.750
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.250
2.375
2.500
2.625
2.750
2.875
3.000
3.125
3.250
3.375
3.500
3.625
3.750
3.875
4.000
4.125
4.250
4.375
4.500
4.625
4.750
4.875
5.000
5.250
25.40
28.58
31.75
34.93
38.10
41.28
44.45
47.63
50.80
53.98
57.15
60.33
63.50
66.68
69.85
73.03
76.20
79.38
82.55
85.73
88.90
92.08
95.25
98.43
101.60
104.78
107.95
111.13
114.30
117.48
120.65
123.83
127.00
133.35
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
66.2
69.0
64.8
54.8
48.3
53.1
46.6
44.5
43.1
40.0
37.9
27.9
29.7
33.8
31.4
34.5
34.5
36.6
34.8
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
65.9
60.7
56.9
54.8
51.7
49.3
47.6
42.8
42.4
40.7
39.3
38.6
37.2
35.9
34.8
33.8
32.8
31.7
31.0
29.0
28.3
26.9
27.6
26.2
24.8
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
69.0
52.8
53.8
54.8
53.8
47.2
43.4
49.3
42.8
36.2
31.7
35.2
30.7
29.3
28.3
26.6
24.8
18.3
19.3
22.1
20.7
22.8
14.8
23.8
22.8
69.0
69.0
68.3
62.4
56.2
51.7
47.9
44.1
41.4
37.2
35.2
34.1
31.7
30.3
28.3
25.5
25.5
24.8
23.8
23.8
23.1
22.1
21.4
20.7
20.3
19.7
19.3
17.2
16.9
15.9
16.2
15.5
14.5
34.5
22.8
22.4
13.4

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 19 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
T1648 HP Pressure Limits for Lubricating Fluid
80
@ 1800 rpm
70
@ 3600 rpm
Pressure [ Bar g]
60
50
40
30
20
10
7.
0
12
4.
3
8.
0
1.
6
0.
7
12
11
10
.3
95
10
.9
88
.2
.6
82
.5
.9
76
69
63
.2
57
.5
.1
.8
50
44
.8
38
31
25
.4
Seal Size [m m ]
T1648 HP Pressure Limits for Light Hydrocarbon
80
@ 1800 rpm
70
@ 3600 rpm
Pressure [ Bar g]
60
50
40
30
20
10
95
.3
10
1.
6
10
8.
0
11
4.
3
12
0.
7
12
7.
0
88
.9
82
.6
76
.2
69
.9
63
.5
57
.2
50
.8
44
.5
38
.1
31
.8
25
.4
Seal Size [mm]
Important note
These graphs provide approximate values. For precise data please refer to the T1648 HP

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 20 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
PRESSURE LIMIT MULTIPLIER FACTORS
Process Fluid Operating

Temperature / Property
Selection Considerations
Pressure
Factor
Below 80C (175F)
x 1.00
Above 80C to 120C (175F to 250F)
x 0.90
Above 120C to 180C (250F to 350F)
x 0.80
Above 180C to 260C (350F to 500F)
x 0.65
Operating Temperature
(See Note 1)
Lubricating Fluids
x 1.00
Aqueous Solutions
x 0.75
Light Hydrocarbons
(See graph)
Sealed Fluid Lubricity

(See Note 2)
NOTES
1. The temperature derating factors apply to seals with carbon Primary Rings
2. The Aqueous Solutions Pressure Factor of 0.75 shown in the table applies only to
Lubricating fluids graph.

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 21 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
EXAMPLES FOR DETERMINING PRESSURE RATING LIMITS
EXAMPLE 1
Seal type:
Size:
Product:
Speed:
Temperature:
Type 48LP,
75mm (3" diameter)
Lube Oil
3600 rpm
82C (180F)
Step 1
Determine the Pressure Limit for the given seal size, at the given operational speed, and for the
process fluid:
From the T48 LP Pressure Limits table, the pressure limit is 38.6 bar g
Step 2
Determine the Pressure Multiplier Factors for this service condition:
From the table of Multiplier Factors (above) apply the appropriate values, as follows
For temperatures over 80C, Pressure Multiplier Factor = 0.9.

For Lube Oil (Lubricating fluids), Pressure Multiplier Factor = 1.0.
Step3
Calculate the adjusted maximum operating pressure:
The maximum operating pressure = 38.6 bar g x 0.9 x 1.0 = 34.7 bar g
EXAMPLE 2
Seal type:
Size:
Product:
Speed:
Temperature:
Type 48LP,
75mm (3" diameter)
Water
3600 rpm
82C (180F)
Step 1
Determine the Pressure Limit for the given seal size, at the given operational speed, and for the
process fluid:
From the T48 LP Pressure Limits table, the pressure limit is 38.6 bar g
Step 2
Determine the Pressure Multiplier Factors for this service condition:
From the table of Multiplier Factors (above) apply the appropriate values, as follows
For temperatures over 80C, Pressure Multiplier Factor = 0.9.

For Water (Aqueous Solutions), Pressure Multiplier Factor = 0.75
Step3
Calculate the adjusted maximum operating pressure:
The maximum operating pressure = 38.6 bar g x 0.9 x 0.75 = 26 bar g

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 22 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
3.3
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE LIMITS
The maximum hydrostatic pressure is up to 90 bar g. The hydrostatic limits for the Type 48 series
seals are limited by O-Ring extrusion.
TYPE 1648 SEAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE LIMITS
Seal head Size
Pressure in bar g
(In)
(mm)
T48 LP / MP /HP
(Note 1)
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.75
5.00
5.25
25.40
31.75
38.10
44.45
50.80
57.15
63.50
69.85
76.20
82.55
88.90
95.25
101.60
107.95
114.30
120.65
127.00
133.35
90
86
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
79
76
76
T48 LP / MP /HP
(Note 2)
90
79
69
67
67
67
66
66
66
60
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
Note 1. Limit with Carbon Primary Ring

Note 2. Limit with Tungsten Carbide Primary Ring
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Carbon Primary Ring

Tungsten Carbide Primary Ring
25
.4
31
.8
38
.1
44
.5
50
.8
57
.2
63
.5
69
.9
76
.2
82
.6
88
.9
95
.
10 3
1.
10 6
8.
11 0
4.
12 3
0.
12 7
7.
13 0
3.
4
Pressure [ Bar g]
Hydrostatic Pressure Limits
Seal Size [mm]
Important note: This graph provides approximate values. For precise data please refer to
the T1648 Seal Hydrostatic Pressure Limits table.

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 23 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Note
A Tungsten Carbide Primary Ring is unsuitable for use on high Vapour Pressure (VP)
services. An Engineering review is required to check that all potential of un-lubricated function of
the seal face is eliminated.
3.4
STATIC SEALING PRESSURE RATING
The maximum Static Sealing Pressure Rating (SSPR) of the T1648 seal is the pressure limit of
the axial retention of the setscrews in the drive collar, or the SSPR in the seal head, whichever is
the lower.
To calculate the axial retention limit of the setscrews, refer to the latest issue of EDS 0045 for
guidance on performing sleeve retention calculations, and EDS 0102 for the setscrews material
axial holding power data. Both documents are available on the EAA Engineering Intranet.
To determine the maximum Static Sealing Pressure Rating (SSPR), consider both values of
The Hydrostatic Sealing Pressure 1.5

The Maximum Dynamic Sealing Pressure
The maximum Static Sealing Pressure Rating (SSPR) of the seal head is the greater of the two
values.
3.5
REVERSE PRESSURE/ VACUUM OPERATION
The single T1648 seal is unsuitable for operating on full vacuum. For partial vacuum operation
please consult EAA Engineering.
3.6
TEMPERATURE
The temperature limits are: - 40 C to 290 C (- 40 F to 550 F) dependent on materials used.

3.7
SPEED
The Type 1648 seal is designed to operate at speeds not to exceed 25 m/s (5000 fpm) and
3600 rpm when supplied as a rotating unit. For higher speed applications a stationary mounted
unit should be used. Please consult EAA Engineering.
3.8
VISCOSITY
The viscosity limits are generally as specified in the following table:

Fluid Kinematic Viscosity
Seal Face Materials
Seal Arrangement
Carbon vs. SiC or WC
Single Seal
WC vs. SiC
Single Seal
Centistokes (cSt.)
0
1000
1000 3500

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 24 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Please note when the fluid viscosity is greater than 3500 cSt, use a dual seal or refer to EAA
Engineering.
3.9
LEAKAGE
The leakage data is not readily available for this seal. If required, JC Seals is the preferred
method to calculate the leakage rates under the seals operating conditions. For guidance on how
to use the computer program, please refer to Technical Bulletin TB - 062 - entitled Using the
Engineering Program JC Seals to determine seal Heat Generated and Seal Leakage. Also refer
to TB- 057 entitled JC-Seals Update, Version 3.15.
Both the above-mentioned guidance documents can be found on the EAA Engineering Intranet at
the following location:
EAA / Engineering / Mechanical Seals / Software & Calculations
Please note the leakage Rate for the T48HP seal is significantly higher than those of the T48LP
&T48MP seals.
3.10
POWER CONSUMPTION / HEAT GENERATION
The power consumption / heat generation data for this seal type is not readily available.
JC Seals is the preferred method to calculate the power consumption/ heat generation. Please
see reference to JC Seals in sub-section 3.8 on Leakage.
3.11
FLUSH REQUIREMENTS
JC Seals is the preferred method to calculate the seal flush requirements. Please see subsection 3.8 for more information on JC Seals software. Also refer to Technical Bulletin TB- 057
entitled JC-Seals Update, Version 3.15 for information on flush plans and flush flow rates.
Alternatively, the flush flow rate can be calculated manually from the following equation. For
flashing hydrocarbon services the fluid temperature rise should be limited to a 2.5 C (5 F) rise
and for non-flashing services the temperature rise should normally be limited to an 8 C (15 F).
SI (Metric) Units:
Q = 60 H / (SG . Cp . T)
Where;
Q
= Flow rate
H
= Heat Load
SG
= Specific Gravity
Cp
= Specific Heat
T
= Temperature Rise = T flush out T flush in
(l/min)
(kW)
()
(kJ / kg C)
(C)
Imperial Units:
Q = H / (500 . SG . Cp . T)
Where;
Q
= Flow rate
H
= Heat Load
SG
= Specific Gravity
(g/min)
(Btu / Hr)
()

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 25 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
Cp
T
= Specific Heat
= Temperature Rise = T flush out T flush in
3.12
BREAKOUT TORQUE
(Btu / lb F)
(F)
This data is not readily available. JC Seals is the preferred method to calculate a value for the
Breakout Torque required to overcome the seal friction at start up.
3.13
DRY RUNNING
The Type 1648 seal is not designed for dry running.

3.14
SOLIDS & POLYMERISING HANDLING
The Type 1648 seal is not specifically designed to handle solids. However, the following is a
general recommendation for applications involving solids:
Up to 0.3 % by weight or 3000 ppmw (parts per million by weight) maximum for a 3 year
life with Carbon vs Silicon
Up to 3 % by weight or 30000 ppmw maximum with hard faces
Above 3 % by weight or 30000 ppmw, use hard against hard combined with either Plan 32
or plan 23.
This assumes the abrasive has a hardness greater than 5 Mohs.
The above should be qualified by recommending dual seals or plan 32 for particle sizes less than
25 Microns.
Please note that data on polymerising duties is currently unavailable.
3.15
HAZARDOUS DUTIES & HAZARDS ANALYSIS
T-1648 seals are approved for use in ATEX Cat. 2 & 3 applications (see ATEX Declaration of
Conformity single seals on EAA Engineering Intranet)
3.16
AXIAL FLEXIBILITY AND MISALIGNMENT CAPABILITIES
AXIAL MOVEMENT LIMITS
The maximum allowable axial movement that the seal can safely handle is 1.6 mm ( 0.062).
Please note this is not a setting tolerance.
This is not normally a problem with overhung API pumps as there is limited axial movement due
to bearing play and the fact that this seal is a true cartridge seal, not a hook sleeve mounted
cartridge.
It is of concern on between bearing pumps when the seal is run at higher temperatures as the
non-thrust end can see considerable transient thermal expansion from start-up to running
temperatures. The actual transient growth should be checked out to ensure that the seal does not
exceed the above limits. This may require a special design or biasing the seal setting to allow for
the temporary change in seal working height in certain applications.

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 26 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
ANGULAR & RADIAL MOVEMENT
Excessive Run-out will have a detrimental effect on seal performance in the form of component
wear or excessive leakage. For maximum reliability the setup of the pump should be within the
limits published in API Standards 610 & 682/ ISO 21049, as follows:
Concentricity of shaft to seal chamber: 125 m (0.005) Total Indicator Reading (TIR),
sometimes also referred to as Full Indicator Movement (FIM).
Squareness of seal chamber face to shaft not to exceed 15 m per 3 cm of seal chamber
bore (0.0005 per inch of seal chamber bore)
Centering of the seal is to be by a register fit. The register fit surface shall be concentric
to the shaft and have a Total Indicator Reading (TIR) of not more than 125 m (0.005").
Run-out of sleeve outer diameter to inner diameter shall be less than 25 m (0.001) TIR
3.17
SEAL SUPPORT SYSTEM INFORMATION
The T1648 Single Seal Cartridge is available with Axial Pumping Scroll when utilising
API Flush Plan 23 (Type 1648-2/1648-3)
For a Plan 23 arrangement with Axial Pumping Scroll refer to the latest issue of
EAA10269 (sheet 1) entitled Design Sheet Type 1648LP Plan 23.
For information on flush Plan 23, refer to the document entitled Circulation Systems For
Single and Multiple Seal Arrangements which can be found on the EAA Intranet.
4.0
INSTALLATION DATA
4.1
TYPICAL INSTALLATION DRAWINGS
Refer to the latest issue of EAA10000 (sheet 1) entitled Seal Type 1648 LP, MP & HP Design
Sheet.
For the rationalised range dealing with API 682/ ISO 21049 seal chambers only, refer to the latest
issue of EAA10000 (sheet 5) entitled Typical 1648 Cartridge Seal Products for Projects
Template. Please note that the seal sizes shown on this drawing have been rationalised to fit the
maximum size seal per seal chamber. It is possible for smaller seal sizes to be used.
For a Plan 23 arrangement with Pumping scroll refer to the latest issue of EAA10269 (sheet 1)entitled Design Sheet Type 1648LP Plan 23.
Note: for a full list of drawings see the drawing index on PDM system. EAA10000 is the definitive
design source and Technical Bulletins (TB) are supporting documents.
4.2
OEM STANDARDS / PUMP FITABILITY
In the future, this data will be available from the PDM system

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 27 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
4.3
INSTRUCTION MANUAL ( IM )
To generate an Instruction Manual (IM) for a T1648 seal cartridge, the latest version of the
template entitled Instruction Manual Template should be used. This generic template can be
found on the EAA Intranet at the following location:
EAA/ Engineering/ Mechanical Seals/ Products/ IOM
5.0
RELATED DOCUMENTS / MARKETING DATA
Refer to Product Information Page on the Product Line Management PLM Seals Oracle site on
the EAA Intranet.
5.1
EXPERIENCE LIST & REFERENCES
This data is unavailable at the present time.

5.2
COMPETITION OFFERING: EQUIVALENT COMPETITORS SEALS
This data is unavailable at the present time.

5.3
PRODUCT DATA SHEET
Type 1648 product datasheet can be found on EAA Intranet at this location:
PLM Seals Oracle / API Cartridges / 1648 Information / Type 1648 Technical Datasheet
Type 1648 Technical Datasheet.
6.0
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
6.1
CRITERIA FOR INSTALLATION
Successful operation and the life of this seal are dependent on acceptable equipment
dimensions, alignments and surface finishes. The following table specifies some of the shaft
essential requirement
Installation Criteria
Shaft Surface Finish

Shaft Tolerance
6.2
Limits
1.6 m Ra (64 in Ra)

h6
PRESSURE TEST PROCEDURE
Refer to pressure test procedure for engineered cartridge seals, document PT 010 entitled
Special Cartridge Seals that can be found on the EAA Intranet at the following location:
United Kingdom/ Quality/ Manuals/ Pressure Test Manual

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 28 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
6.3
RECONDITIONING PROCEDURE
The data is unavailable at the present time

6.4 FAILURE MODE ANALYSIS
The data is unavailable at the present time
6.5 STORAGE, PACKAGING & TRANSPORTATION
For detailed information on the seals storage, packaging and transportation, please refer to the
latest issue of the document entitled Storage and transportation instructions for seals
Form I-Storage-E that can be found at the following location on the EAA Engineering Intranet:
EAA/ Engineering/ Mechanical Seals/ Products/IOM /Storage and Transportation (I-Storage-E).

Ref.
TPM019_02
Page 29 of 29
Issue:
02
Date: 10 / 05 / 2007
7.0 REVISIONS & AMENDMENTS
TPM
ISSUE
01
REVISION
DATE
--
REVISIONS MADE
(AMENDMENT DETAILS)
First issue released on 27/ 04/ 07
REVISED &
APPROVED BY
Author
Ryad Anabtawi
Revised by:
02
10/ 05/ 07
Section 3.1 Dynamic Performance

R.Anabtawi
Note added about the use of Tungsten

Carbide (optional material) Primary Ring
Section 3.2
Pressure Limit Multiplier Table modified
Example 1 to determine seal pressure

rating revised. Example 2 added.
Approved:
C Fone
PE Bowden
Section 3.4
Static Sealing Pressure Rating (SSPR)

revised.
New Section 7.0 added
Revisions & Amendments table added.

Brief details of changes noted.

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JOHN CRANE EAA

Author: Ryad Anabtawi

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DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

HARDWARE ADAPTATION LIMITS

SEAL PERFORMANCE & LIMITS

RELATED DOCUMENTS / MARKETING DATA

REVISIONS & AMENDMENTS

TYPICAL INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

PRODUCT DATA SHEET

CRITERIA FOR INSTALLATION

When printed this document may NOT be controlled

SEAL DESCRIPTION, DESIGN FEATURES & BENEFITS

When printed this document may NOT be controlled

T1648 Seal three standard Primary Ring designs

Application specific, flexible design

Computer optimised seal face design

When printed this document may NOT be controlled

30 mm -120 mm (1.5- 4.875)

Heavy and light Hydrocarbons

Easy-to-install cartridge design with spigot fit

* API 682 TEST QUALIFICATIONS

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DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION

STANDARD SEAL DESIGN

When printed this document may NOT be controlled

When printed this document may NOT be controlled

STANDARD DESIGN DISTRIBUTED FLUSH

A Distributed Flush with improved heat

T1648-2 with Distributed Flush and Segmented Bushing

T1648-2 with single point Extended Flush and Fixed Bushing

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JOHN CRANE INC. (NORTH AMERICA) STANDARD VERSION

Single point injection with fixed bushing for Category II

HARDWARE ADAPTATION LIMITS

This section is not applicable.

MATERIALS: STANDARD & OPTIONS

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- API 682/ ISO 21049

- API 682/ ISO 21049 Resin Impregnated

- API 682 Reaction

- Free Sintered Silicon Carbide (277)

316 Stainless Steel

Metal to suit process

ASTM A453 Gr.660

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Note: Select Elastomer to suit application

MATING RINGS: STANDARD DESIGN & OPTIONS

The PH Type Mating Ring design is used with this seal.

CODING: SEAL PARTS & MATERIAL CODES

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Part Reference Number

API 682/ ISO 21049

- API 682/ ISO 21049

316 Stainless Steel

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Part Reference Number

- Cup Point Set Screw

Alloy C-276 (Hastelloy C)