1 - Comparative-Superlative

CONTENTS
Preview
9-1 Making comparisons with as...as
9-2 Comparative and superlative
9-3 Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives...
9-4 Completing a comparative
9-5 Modifying comparatives
9-6 Comparisons with less...than and not as...as
9-7 Unclear comparisons
9-8 Using more with nouns
9-9 Repeating a comparative
9-10 Using double comparatives
9-11 Using superlatives
9-12 Using the same, similar, different, like, alike
PREVIEW
short/tall bars
BAR 1 is taller than BAR 3.

BAR 3 is taller than BAR 2.
BAR 1 is shorter than BAR
_____
4.
_____
BAR 2 is the shortest one of all.
9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS AS
Jenn is not as old as Emma.
Emma
Jenn
(a) The boots and shoes are size 11.

The boots are as large as the shoes.

(b) The chef cuts the onion as finely as he can.

(b) The chef cuts the onion as finely as he can.
Asas
parts are equal or same

as + adjective + as
as + adverb + as
9-1 LETS PRACTICE
as fast ___
An antelope can run ___
as a cheetah.
Cheetah 95 kph
Antelope 95 kph
9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
A feather is lighter than a brick.
(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.

(b) Feathers and bricks are lighter than
horses and trucks.
(c) Horses are more beautiful than trucks.
(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.

(b) Feathers and bricks are lighter than
horses and trucks.
(c) A horse is more beautiful than a truck.
comparative + than
(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.
superlative
one of a group
(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.
(f) Everest is the most massive mountain in
the world.
superlative
-est or most
the + superlative
Everest - 8,848 m.
9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Our company is doing better

than all of our competition.
We are the best!

ONE-SYLLABLE
ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
old
older
the oldest
wise
wiser
the wisest
add er
add est

TWO-SYLLABLE
ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
famous
more famous
pleasant more pleasant

use more
SUPERLATIVE
the most famous
the most pleasant
use the most

TWO-SYLLABLE
ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
busy
busier
the busiest
pretty
prettier
the prettiest
end in -y
add er
change -y to -i
add est

TWO-SYLLABLE
ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
clever
cleverer
more clever
the cleverest
the most clever
gentle
gentler
more gentle
the gentlest
the most gentle
friendly
friendlier
more friendly
the friendliest
the most friendly
can use either

ADJECTIVES WITH
3 OR MORE SYLLABLES
important
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
more important
the most important
fascinating more fascinating the most fascinating

use more
use the most

IRREGULAR
ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
good
better
the best
bad
worse
the worst
irregular
irregular

-LY ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
carefully
more carefully
the most carefully
slowly
more slowly
the most slowly
use more
use the most

ONE-SYLLABLE
ADVERBS
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
fast
faster
the fastest
hard
harder
the hardest
use -er
use -est

IRREGULAR
ADVERBS
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
well
better
the best
badly
worse
the worst
far
farther/further
the farthest/furthest
irregular
irregular
9-3 LETS PRACTICE
Greta
Greta is messy, but

Oscar is even _______.
messier
Oscar
9-3 LETS PRACTICE
The market is four miles from

Rosas house and five miles
farther (or further)
from my house. I live _______________
from the market than Rosa does.
9-3 LETS PRACTICE
I have many pleasant

memories from childhood.
pleasant
most _________
The _____
memory is going to the
zoo with my grandfather.
9-4 COMPLETING A COMPARATIVE
His hair is
curlier than
her hair.
(a) Shes taller than her husband (is).

(b) Shes taller than he is.
(c) Shes taller than him.
(a) Shes taller than her husband (is).

(b) Shes taller than he is.
formal English
than subject pronoun
(c) Shes taller than him.

informal English
than
object pronoun
(d) She studies more than he does.

(e) She got a better exam grade than he did.
(d) She studies more than he does.

(e) She got a better grade than he did.
than + subject
auxiliary verb
(f) His hair is curlier than hers.

(g) Her hair is longer than his.
(f) His hair is curlier than Kates

(g) Her hair is longer than his.
than
possessive pronoun
9-4 LETS PRACTICE
Mr. Poulos can carry heavy boxes. I cant.

He is much stronger than I____.
am (formal)
9-4 LETS PRACTICE

He is much stronger than I am. (formal)
He is much stronger than ____.
me (informal)
9-4 LETS PRACTICE

His arms are stronger than _____
mine are.
9-5 MODIFYING COMPARATIVES
Mr. Poulos is very strong.
(a) My car is very old.

(b) They walk very slowly on icy sidewalks.
very
adjectives
very
adverbs
(c) INCORRECT: My car is very older than yours.

INCORRECT: They walk very more slowly
on icy sidewalks at night.

very
comparative adjectives
very
comparative adverbs
(d) Erina is much smarter than I am.

Erina is a lot smarter than I am.
Erina is far smarter than I am.
(e) Dan reads much faster than he used to.
Dan reads a lot faster than he used to.
Dan reads far faster than he used to.
much, a lot, far
comparative adjectives
comparative adverbs
(f) Jake reads a little bit faster than I do.

Jake reads a little bit faster than me. (informal)
another common modifier
9-5 LETS PRACTICE
Trees are _____

much more colorful
in the spring than in the winter.
very
much
9-5 LETS PRACTICE
The weather is ____

a lot warmer
in the spring than in the winter.
very
a lot
9-5 LETS PRACTICE
very
The weather can be ____
warm in the spring.
very
far
9-6 COMPARISONS WITH LESSTHAN AND NOT

AS AS
Miko is not as happy as Amanda.
Miko
Amanda

AS AS
(a) A toy is less educational than a book.

(b) A toy is not as educational as a book.
(a) & (b) = same meaning

AS AS
(c) A child is not as wise as an adult.

(d) INCORRECT: A child is less wise than an adult.
one-syllable
adjectives
or
adverbs
only not as as
9-6 LETS PRACTICE
as a mama lion.
A lion cub is ______
not as old ____
lessthan
not asas
9-6 LETS PRACTICE
as a mama lion.
A lion cub is _____
not as strong ____
lessthan
not asas
9-8 LETS PRACTICE
-er
more
His closet is so messy.

It is ________
messier than
everyone elses closet.
9-8 LETS PRACTICE
-er
more
Bill has had two accidents.

He should try to drive
more carefully
____________.
9-9 REPEATING A COMPARATIVE
That baby gets cuter and

cuter every day.
9-9 REPEATING A COMPARATIVE
(a) My workload got heavier and heavier.

(b) My headache got more and more painful.
idea of increasing in:

intensity
quality
quantity
9-9 LETS PRACTICE
smaller
better
harder
Her sneezes are getting

_________
and ________
harder
harder
to stop.
9-9 LETS PRACTICE
Mindy is playing the piano

______
better and ______
better
each day.
smaller
better
harder
9-9 LETS PRACTICE
smaller
better
harder
With airplane travel, the world

seems to get _______
smaller and
________
smaller every year.
9-10 USING DOUBLE COMPARATIVES
The more you practice, the

better you will play.
(a) The more I learn, the more I want to know.

(b) The colder the weather, the better my dog
likes it.
(c) The longer the line, the better the restaurant.
2 parts
both begin with the

1st part: reason
2nd part: result
(d) Should we ask

Annie to sit with
us?
Sure. The more,

the merrier.
(d) Should we
ask Annie to sit
with us?
(e) When?
Sure. The more, the

merrier. The sooner
the better.
two common expressions:
Having more people is
more fun.
It is good to ask her as
soon as we can.
9-10 LETS PRACTICE
If the food is tasty, we eat more.

The tastier the food, ______________
the more we eat.
9-10 LETS PRACTICE
Good tools make a job easier.

The better the tools,
the easier the job.
_______________
9-10 LETS PRACTICE
Big poles catch big fish.

The
bigger the pole
________________,
the bigger the fish
_______________.
9-11 USING SUPERLATIVES
Cape Town is one of the

prettiest cities in Africa.
(a) Cape Town is one of the prettiest cities in

Africa.
(a) Cape Town is one of the most beautiful

cities in Africa.
(b) My friend Mary is the most talented artist
I know.

cities in Africa.
(b) My friend Mary is the most talented artist
I know.
(c) Ive had many jobs in my life. Being a teacher
is the best (job) of all.

cities in Africa.
(b) Mary Poulos is the most talented artist
I know.
(c) Ive had many jobs in my life. Being a teacher
is the best (job) of all.
superlative + in a place
superlative + adjective clause
superlative + of all
(d) Bradley went to three Italian cities. He said

that Venice was the least expensive of all.
(d) Bradley went to three Italian cities. He said

that Venice was the least expensive of all.
the least
opposites
the most
(e) Cape Town is one of the best places to surf.

(f) One of the best places to surf is Cape Town.
(e) Cape Town is one of the best places to surf.

(f) One of the best places to surf is Cape Town.
one of + PLURAL noun (+ SINGULAR verb)
9-11 LETS PRACTICE
Judy is happy. She is the

happiest person ___
________
in our class.
9-11 LETS PRACTICE
I like all the seasons, but spring is

best (season) ____
the ______
of all.
9-11 LETS PRACTICE
_____
mountains
of the most majestic _________
One ___
in the world ___
is Mt. Everest.

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CONTENTS

BAR 1 is taller than BAR 3.

9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS AS

Jenn is not as old as Emma.

9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS AS

(a) The boots and shoes are size 11.

9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS AS

(a) The boots and shoes are size 11.

9-1 MAKING COMPARISONS WITH AS AS

(a) The boots and shoes are size 11.

parts are equal or same

9-1 LETS PRACTICE

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

A feather is lighter than a brick.

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(a) A feather is lighter than a brick.

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

Our company is doing better

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

pleasant more pleasant

use the most

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

can use either

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

the most important

fascinating more fascinating the most fascinating

use the most

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

the most carefully

the most slowly

use the most

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF

9-3 LETS PRACTICE

Greta is messy, but

9-3 LETS PRACTICE

The market is four miles from

9-3 LETS PRACTICE

I have many pleasant

9-4 COMPLETING A COMPARATIVE

9-4 COMPLETING A COMPARATIVE

(a) Shes taller than her husband (is).

9-4 COMPLETING A COMPARATIVE

(a) Shes taller than her husband (is).

than subject pronoun

(c) Shes taller than him.

9-4 COMPLETING A COMPARATIVE

(d) She studies more than he does.

9-4 COMPLETING A COMPARATIVE