Furan Analyses in Transformer: Guided By: Er. A Kannan

FURAN ANALYSES IN
TRANSFORMER
PRESENTED BY:
Nitish Kumar, Nutan Chandra, Muna
Kumar, Subhajit Bhandari .
Guided By: Er. A Kannan
Dr. M.G.R. University

EEE Department
SCOPE
Analysis the 2-furtural and related furan
compounds during cellulosic insulation in mineral
insulating oil samples.
analyzed by high performance liquid

chromatography
(HPCL)
furan derivatives are extracted from the oil by use

of a extraction method such as liquid-liquid
extraction (method A) or solid-phase separation
on silica cartridge (method B).
ABSTRACT:
To determine of the life of Transformer and
the condition of Insulating Component furan
test conduct.
To Study the effect of oil reconditioning and
oil replacement on the furan values.
To Study the relationship between carbon die
- oxide and furan compounds in power
Transformers.
Introduction:
The insulating system of a transformer consist of both
paper and oil.
A transformer reaches the end of its life when its
insulation system totally lost its dielectric properties.
Moisture is introduce into the system, and particle
accumulate in the oil.
As the paper insulation ages, tensile strength decreases,
making the unit susceptible to winding failure during
mechanical stresses such as vibration, through faults
and short circuit.
Degradation of cellulosic materials produces CO and
CO2 gases. These gases dissolve in oil, by extracting
these gases and analyzing them, the paper insulation
degradation can be assessed.
Construction of Transformer
Definition of Transformer:
Electrical Power Transformer is a static device which transforms power from on circuit to
another without changing its frequency but may be in different voltage level.
Industrial transformer parts:
Frame, enclosure, tank
De-energized tap changer
Dual-voltage switch
Windings
Core
Control relays
Cooling fans
Pressure-relief Valve
Air terminal chambers
Nameplate or label
Production of Transformer
oil
Transformer oil is hydrocarbon
product,
mainly oil contains napthanic,
parrafinic and aromatics.
crude oil which is buried from earth
crust.
Clay treatment process on TOBS will
give us the finished transformer oil.
After the hot filtration operation
transformer oil is ready for filling the
transformers.
Types of Transformer Oil
Generally there are two types of Transformer Oil used in transformer
1. Paraffin based Transformer Oil
2. Naphtha based Transformer Oil
Naphtha oil is more easily oxidized than Paraffin oil. Paraffin based oil obstruct
the transformer cooling system. Although it has mentioned disadvantage but still
in our country it is generally used because of its easy availability.
Various Type Of Oil Based On Colour
Type of test conducted on
Transformer oil
Dissolved Gas Analyzer test

Break Down Voltage Test
Tan Delta & Resistivity Test
Total Acidity Test
Water Content Test
Inter Facial Tension Test
Furan Compounds Test.
WHAT IS FURAN?
Furan is a hetero cyclic aromatic system consisting of 4 carbon
and one oxygen in a five membered ring
Molecular formula is C4H4O
Structure of Furan Components

Insulation Paper
Evaluation through DP
Degree of Polymerization (DP): A

measure of length of cellulose chains
Value for fresh paper: 1000-1200
Value at End of life: 150-200

Paper Insulation
Mechanism of Degradation
Degradation is accelerated by temperature,

water and oxygen
Degradation by-products are:

Water and Carbon oxides
Furans
Alcohols, acids and aromatic & aliphatic
hydrocarbons
INSTRUMENTATION
FLOW DIAGRAM OF HPLC
INSTRUMENTATION
CASE STUDY THROUGH SAMPLING OILS
Case no :1 FOR LOW LEVEL PPB

45
40
35
30
25 Transformer
1
20 Transformer
2
15
10
0
5HMFL 2-FA 2-FO 2-AF 5-M2FAL TOTAL
CASE NO:2 MEDIUM LEVEL PPB
1400
1200
Transformer 1
Transformer 2
1000
Transformer3
Transformer 4
800 Transformer 5
Transformer 6
600 Transformer 7
Transformer 8
Transformer 9
400
Transformer 10
Transformer 11
200 Transformer 26
0
CASE NO:3 HIGH LEVEL PPB
14000
12000
Transformer 1
10000
Transformer 2
Transformer 3
8000
Transformer 4
Transfoermer 5
6000
Transformer 6
Transformer7
4000 Transformer 8
Transformer 9
2000
0
Conclusion:
The oil treatment is needed for keeping the transformer on
good technical condition & helps to make better the solid and liquid
insulation parameters.
State of Transformer Oil Standard Value of PPB

Normal 0 100
Questionable 101 250
Deteriorated 251 1000
Low Reliability 1001. 2500
Rewind / Replace Solid Insulation >2500
REWIND / REPLACE SOLID INSULATION

This value are above shown data is available IEEE
In INDIA value are under study conducted by
CPRI
ICCCET 2011 - National College of
18 & 19 March 2011 20
Engineering

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FURAN ANALYSES IN

Guided By: Er. A Kannan

Dr. M.G.R. University

analyzed by high performance liquid

furan derivatives are extracted from the oil by use

1. Paraffin based Transformer Oil

2. Naphtha based Transformer Oil

Dissolved Gas Analyzer test

Molecular formula is C4H4O

Structure of Furan Components

Degree of Polymerization (DP): A

Value for fresh paper: 1000-1200

Value at End of life: 150-200

Degradation is accelerated by temperature,

Degradation by-products are:

Case no :1 FOR LOW LEVEL PPB

State of Transformer Oil Standard Value of PPB

REWIND / REPLACE SOLID INSULATION

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