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    Chapter 16 Attempts at Liberty

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    The document summarizes key events in the attempts of American and French citizens to achieve liberty from oppressive rule in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes the Pilgrims seeking religious freedom in America and the eventual Declaration of Independence. In France, discontent grew due to social inequality, political problems under King Louis XVI, and economic issues, leading to the storming of the Bastille prison and outbreak of the French Revolution. The Revolution went through different phases as the monarchy was overthrown and the Reign of Terror installed Robespierre's radical Jacobin government. Napoleon later crowned himself Emperor and proceeded to conquer much of Europe through decisive military victories, but his invasion of Russia ended in disaster

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    Chapter 16 Attempts at Liberty

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    The document summarizes key events in the attempts of American and French citizens to achieve liberty from oppressive rule in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes the Pilgrims seeking religious freedom in America and the eventual Declaration of Independence. In France, discontent grew due to social inequality, political problems under King Louis XVI, and economic issues, leading to the storming of the Bastille prison and outbreak of the French Revolution. The Revolution went through different phases as the monarchy was overthrown and the Reign of Terror installed Robespierre's radical Jacobin government. Napoleon later crowned himself Emperor and proceeded to conquer much of Europe through decisive military victories, but his invasion of Russia ended in disaster

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    The document summarizes key events in the attempts of American and French citizens to achieve liberty from oppressive rule in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes the Pilgrims seeking religious freedom in America and the eventual Declaration of Independence. In France, discontent grew due to social inequality, political problems under King Louis XVI, and economic issues, leading to the storming of the Bastille prison and outbreak of the French Revolution. The Revolution went through different phases as the monarchy was overthrown and the Reign of Terror installed Robespierre's radical Jacobin government. Napoleon later crowned himself Emperor and proceeded to conquer much of Europe through decisive military victories, but his invasion of Russia ended in disaster

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    591 views63 pages

    Chapter 16 Attempts at Liberty

    Uploaded by

    api-331018621
    The document summarizes key events in the attempts of American and French citizens to achieve liberty from oppressive rule in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes the Pilgrims seeking religious freedom in America and the eventual Declaration of Independence. In France, discontent grew due to social inequality, political problems under King Louis XVI, and economic issues, leading to the storming of the Bastille prison and outbreak of the French Revolution. The Revolution went through different phases as the monarchy was overthrown and the Reign of Terror installed Robespierre's radical Jacobin government. Napoleon later crowned himself Emperor and proceeded to conquer much of Europe through decisive military victories, but his invasion of Russia ended in disaster

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    Chapter 16

    Attempts
    at
    Liberty
    Yearning to breathe Free
    1. American
    Liberty
    A) Pilgrims - Mayflower

    Religious Liberty
    B) Declaration of
    Independence

    King George III


    George Washington
    Treaty of Paris
    C) New Government Ideas

    Popular
    Sovereign
    ty
    Bill of
    Rights
    II. French
    Revolution

    Viva la France!
    A. Reasons for
    Discontent
    1. Social
    Inequality
    Old Regime
    First Estate
    (Clergy)
    Second Estate
    (Officials)
    Third Estate
    (98% Pop)
    2. Political
    Inefficiency
    Louis XVI:
    Cared not for
    governing

    Only loved
    Royal social
    life
    3. Economic
    Irresponsibility

    Unfair tax System


    Rich paid little to nothing
    Poor paid without exception
    War Debt
    B. Outbreak of the
    Revolution
    Louis convened the
    Estates General
    to discuss Frances
    problems
    Third Estate wants
    reform
    B. Outbreak of the
    Revolution

    o Third Estate ignored


    o King disbands Estates General
    o Tennis Court Oath Constitution
    o National Assembly
    1. Storming the
    Bastille

    Angry Mobs
    July 14th 1789
    1. Storming the
    Bastille

    Stormed the Prison


    Killed governor and all soldiers
    King: This is a Revolt!
    Aid: No sire, this is a Revolution!
    C. Phases of the
    Revolution
    1) Overturn the Old
    Regime
    Declaration of
    the Rights of
    Man
    Seized
    Churchs Land
    Civil
    2) Overthrow of the
    Monarchy

    King tries to flee France


    Caught
    Forced to agree to New Constitution
    a) Legislative
    Problems
    Jacobins eliminate
    the Monarchy
    Led by Jean-Paul
    Marat; George-Jacques
    Danton; Maximilien de
    Robespierre
    Sans-culottes
    b) War with Austria and
    Prussia

    Constant European Wars


    France not unified
    b) War with Austria and
    Prussia

    King wanted Austria to Win


    Assembly wanted to Win Credit
    Jacobins no War
    c) Brunswick
    Manifesto
    Prussia and Austria encourage French to
    support their King
    d) Execution of the
    King

    Brunswick Manifesto and Military defeats made


    King unpopular
    September 22, 1792: Year 1 of French Republic
    Tried King
    Louis XVI

    Guilty of
    Treason and
    executed him
    e) Reign of Terror
    Committee of Public Safety:
    gave orders to arrest people
    against the Revolution
    Levee en masse
    Led by Robespierre
    1795 new constitution
    Directory
    e) Reign of
    Terror
    The Directory chooses a
    new General to save
    France from destruction
    by Austria and England
    Napoleon Bonaparte!
    3. The Napoleon
    Era
    Napoleon was
    57
    NOT SHORT!
    A. War vs. France
    1769 1821
    Napoleon Era
    Served in war
    against Austria
    with distinction
    Lost a major Naval
    Battle near Egypt
    Lord Horatio Nelson
    B. Overthrow the
    Directory
    Britain, Russia,
    Austria, Ottoman
    Turks
    Napoleon fled to
    Paris
    Welcomed as a hero
    Coup d etat (Take
    B. Overthrow the
    Directory
    Formed a 3 man
    Consulate
    Domestic Reforms
    Code Napoleon:
    civil, commercial,
    criminal law
    Returned land to
    Catholic Church;
    C. Creation of Napoleons
    Empire
    1) Napoleon Crowned
    (1804)

    1804 Made Himself Emperor


    1) Napoleon Crowned

    Napoleon crowns himself


    King to Republic to Oligarchy to Triumvirate to Dictator
    2) Napoleons
    Conquest

    Wanted to rule over all Europe


    Plans to invade England
    Suffers major Naval loss at the battle of Trafalgar
    (Lord Nelson)
    2) Napoleons
    Conquest

    Nelson dies in the battle


    Prevents France from ever invading England
    2) Napoleons
    Conquest
    Launches a full out
    attack on land
    Defeats Austria and
    Russia at Austerlitz
    Eliminates the Holy
    Roman Empire
    2) Napoleons
    Conquest

    Defeats Prussia
    Controlled mainland Europe
    Austerlitz
    2) Napoleons
    Conquest
    France Land
    England Sea
    What to do?
    Continental System
    Close Europe to
    trade with England
    D.
    Napoleon
    s Downfall
    Defeated Countries didnt want to follow
    Continental System
    Portugal, Spain, Russia relied on Englands
    1) Disaster in Russia
    Napoleon amasses the
    Grand Army of 600,000
    soldiers
    1812 Invades Russia
    One Decisive Battle
    Russia kept Retreating
    Scorched-Earth Policy
    Winter closing in
    Napoleon takes Moscow
    No winter supplies retreats

    1) Disaster in Russia
    1) Disaster in Russia

    Whole way back to France they are attacked


    by Russians and harassed
    Less than 100,000 make it back alive
    Napoleon sped back to Paris ahead of time
    to save his Government
    2) Defeat and Exile

    1813 all Europe gathered together to


    confront Napoleon.
    2) Defeat and Exile

    1813 In the battle of the nations, Napoleon is defeated.


    Exiled him to Elba
    Less than 2 years later Congress of Vienna
    Restore balance to Europe
    2) Defeat and Exile

    Word reaches them


    NAPOLEON ESCAPED!
    Returns to France welcomed as a Hero
    Raises army to fight Britain and Prussia
    2) Defeat and Exile

    Faces both at Battle of Waterloo


    Led by Duke of Wellington
    Napoleons greatest defeat!
    2) Defeat and Exile

    Banished to St. Helena (6 yrs.)


    Dies of Stomach Cancer
    Th
    e
    En
    d!

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