CHP 17 ST
CHP 17 ST
CHP 17 ST
Chemistry of Acids
and Bases
Objectives:
1. Know the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis theories of
acids and bases.
2. Apply chemical equilibrium to acids and bases.
3. Predict reactions between acids and bases.
4. Relate structure and bonding to acid-base
properties.
How do we know ions are present
in aqueous solutions?
HCl Cl-
H 2O H3O+
hydronium
ion
H2O
Water is amphiprotic
self-ionization of water
Write the equation:
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
A pair of compounds or ions that differ
by the presence of one H+ ion is called a
_________________________.
Every reaction between a Bronsted acid
and Bronsted base involves
___________________and has two
_______________________.
Conjugate Acid-Base
Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs:
Kw =
Kw and pH
Neutral: [H3O+] = [OH-]
Kw = [H3O+][OH-]
[H3O+] = [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
pH = __________
Neutral = pH = ________
Kw and pH
Adding acid to pure H2O:
Increases the [H3O+] ; some reacts with the [OH-]
[OH-] is ______________
Equilibrium is reached when [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 (25oC)
[H3O+] ____ 1 x 10-7 M; [OH-] _____ 1 x 10-7 M
Adding base to pure H2O:
Increases the [OH-] ; some reacts with the [H3O+]
[H3O+] is _______________
Equilibrium is reached when [H3O+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 (25oC)
[H3O+] ___1 x 10-7 M; [OH-] ____ 1 x 10-7 M
pH
Ka =
Kb =
K and Reactions
ACIDS CONJUGATEBASES
STRONG weak
weak STRONG
Every
Every A-B
A-B reaction
reaction has
has two
two acids
acids and
and two
two bases.
bases.
Equilibrium
Equilibrium always
always lies
lies toward
toward the
the _________
_________ pair.
pair.
Here
Here KK is
is very
very __________.
__________.
K and Reactions
BASE ACID
HNO3+H2O H3O+ +NO3
STRONG WEAK
ACID BASE
NaNO3
FeCl2
NH4NO3
NH4F
Ka and Kb Relationship
Ka x Kb = Kw
Reaction between an Acid and a Base