The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that holds important components like the CPU, memory, and expansion slots. It connects various parts of the computer and allows them to communicate. Key components on the motherboard include the CPU, memory chips, expansion slots, power connectors, and bridges that manage communication between different parts. The document discusses the functions of these various motherboard components in detail.
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that holds important components like the CPU, memory, and expansion slots. It connects various parts of the computer and allows them to communicate. Key components on the motherboard include the CPU, memory chips, expansion slots, power connectors, and bridges that manage communication between different parts. The document discusses the functions of these various motherboard components in detail.
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that holds important components like the CPU, memory, and expansion slots. It connects various parts of the computer and allows them to communicate. Key components on the motherboard include the CPU, memory chips, expansion slots, power connectors, and bridges that manage communication between different parts. The document discusses the functions of these various motherboard components in detail.
The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that holds important components like the CPU, memory, and expansion slots. It connects various parts of the computer and allows them to communicate. Key components on the motherboard include the CPU, memory chips, expansion slots, power connectors, and bridges that manage communication between different parts. The document discusses the functions of these various motherboard components in detail.
on the motherboard that acts as the "computer's brain" it does calculations, and coordinates the other motherboard components CPU examples: the Pentium, the PowerPC chip
The CPU is also known as the processor or
microprocessor.
5 Some Processors (CPUs)
Pentium Chip
PowerPC Chip
Chip Fan 6 Processor Socket
The processor socket (also called a CPU socket)
is the connector on the motherboard that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the CPU. Processor sockets use a pin grid array (PGA) where pins on the underside of the processor connect to holes in the processor socket.
7 Processor Socket
8 Types of Processor Socket
1. PGA (Pin Grid Array) - places the pins on the
processor, which are then inserted in a socket with appropriately placed holes.
9 Types of Processor Socket
2. LGA (Land Grid Array) consists of a socket
with pins on which the processor is placed.
10 Types of Processor Socket
3. BGA (Ball Grid Array) This technique is used
to permanently attach a processor to its motherboard during production, making future upgrades impossible. E.g. Laptop boards, netbook, smartphones
11 Expansion Slot
Alternatively referred to as a bus slot or expansion port,
an expansion slot is connection or port located inside a computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows a computer hardware expansion card to be connected.
12 Types of Expansion Slot
1. ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) is a
standard bus (computer interconnection) architecture that is associated with the IBM AT motherboard. It allows 16 bits at a time to flow between the motherboard circuitry and an expansion slot card and its associated device(s).
13 ISA Slot
14 Types of Expansion Slot
2. Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI was
introduced by Intel in 1992. The PCI bus came in both 32-bit (133MBps) and 64-bit versions and was used to attach hardware to a computer.
15 PCI Slot
PCI Slot
16 Types of Expansion Slot
3. Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to
AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer system, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. It was originally designed as a successor to PCI-type connections for video cards.
17 AGP Slot
18 Types of Expansion Slot
4. Audio/modem riser(AMR ), is a riser
expansion slot found on the motherboards of some Pentium III, Pentium 4, Duron, and Athlon personal computers. It was designed by Intel to interface with chipsets and provide analog functionality, such as sound cards and modems, on an expansion card
19 AMR Slot
20 Types of Expansion Slot
5. PCI Express slots on a motherboard. PCIe can
scale from one to 32 separate lanes; it is usually deployed with 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 32 lanes. The lane count of a PCIe card is a determining factor in its performance and therefore in its price
21 PCI Express Slots
22 PCI Express Slots
23 PCI Express Slots
24 North Bridges
A northbridge or host bridge is one of the two
chips in the core logic chipset architecture on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Unlike the southbridge, northbridge is connected directly to the CPU via the frontside bus (FSB) and is thus responsible for tasks that require the highest performance.
25 South Bridge
The northbridge is usually paired with a
southbridge, also known as I/O controller hub. In systems where they are included, these two chips manage communications between the CPU and other parts of the motherboard, and constitute the core logic chipset of the PC motherboard.
26 Location of N&S Bridges
27 N & S Bridges Schematic
28 IDE/PATA Connectors
An IDE interface is an interface for mass storage devices,
in which the controller is integrated into the disk or CD-ROM drive.
continued 29 IDE/PATA Connector
30 IDE/PATA Cables
31 IDE Devices
continued 32 SATA
Serial ATA (Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment or SATA) is a standard for connecting and transferring data from hard disk drives (HDDs) to computer systems. As its name implies, SATA is based on serial signaling technology, unlike Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) hard drives that use parallel signaling.
33 More on SATA
34 More on SATA
35 More on SATA
36 Motherboard Power Connectors
Every PC power supply has connectors that
attach to the motherboard, providing power to the motherboard, processor, memory, chipset, integrated components (such as video, LAN, universal serial bus [USB]), and any cards plugged into bus slots.
37 Motherboard Power Connectors
These connectors are important; not only are
these the main conduit through which power flows to your system, but attaching these connectors improperly can have a devastating effect on your PC, including burning up both your power supply and motherboard.
38 Types of Power Connectors
12 pin AT/LPX 20 pin ATX 24 pin ATX
39 12 pin Motherboard Power Connector
Used in industry standard PC, XT, AT, Baby-AT,
and LPX motherboards. These supplies feature two main power connectors (P8 and P9), each with 6 pins that attach the power supply to the motherboard. All standard PC power supplies that use the P8 and P9 connectors have them installed end to end so that the two black wires (ground connections) on both power cables are next to each other.
40 12 pin Motherboard Power Connector
41 20 pin Motherboard Power Connector
In 1996 PC makers started switching to the ATX
standard which defined a new 20 pin motherboard power connector. It includes a 3.3 volt rail which is used to power newer chips which require a lower voltage than 5 volts.
42 20 pin Motherboard Power Connector
43 24 pin ATX Motherboard Connector
The ATX 24 pin power supply connector is the
standard motherboard power connector in computers today. you can see that the pins take a unique shape, a shape which the motherboard matches in only one direction.
44 24 pin ATX Motherboard Connector
The original ATX standard supported a 20 pin
connector with a very similar pinout as the 24 pin connector but with pins 11, 12, 23, and 24 omitted. This means that the newer 24 pin power supply is useful for motherboards that require more power, and therefore eliminates the need for ATX 12V power supplies to provide an auxiliary power cable (although some still may).
45 24 pin ATX Motherboard Connector
46 24 pin ATX Motherboard Connector
The ATX 4 pin power supply connector is a
standard motherboard power connector used to provide +12 VDC to the processor voltage regulator.
47 24 pin ATX Motherboard Connector
48 CMOS Battery
The CMOS battery powers the Complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor. CMOS is the small amount of memory on a motherboard that ensures that the BIOS, or Basic Input-Output System, does not lose all of its data every time the computer turns off.
49 CMOS Battery
The CMOS battery powers the
Complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor. CMOS is the small amount of memory on a motherboard that ensures that the BIOS, or Basic Input-Output System, does not lose all of its data every time the computer turns off.
50 BIOS
The main function of the BIOS (Basic Input
Output System) is to boot up an operating system on a PC. It does this by first identifying and testing all hardware components (including the hard disk and floppy drives), and then by locating a valid operating system to which it can transfer control.
