This document discusses ground vibrations and considerations for designing facilities to address vibration issues. It covers the different types of ground vibrations, how vibrations are measured, criteria for vibration isolation, and methods for isolating vibration sources and sensitive equipment from floor vibrations. Cost is also discussed at a high level, noting the tradeoffs between isolation performance and construction costs for different isolation approaches.
This document discusses ground vibrations and considerations for designing facilities to address vibration issues. It covers the different types of ground vibrations, how vibrations are measured, criteria for vibration isolation, and methods for isolating vibration sources and sensitive equipment from floor vibrations. Cost is also discussed at a high level, noting the tradeoffs between isolation performance and construction costs for different isolation approaches.
This document discusses ground vibrations and considerations for designing facilities to address vibration issues. It covers the different types of ground vibrations, how vibrations are measured, criteria for vibration isolation, and methods for isolating vibration sources and sensitive equipment from floor vibrations. Cost is also discussed at a high level, noting the tradeoffs between isolation performance and construction costs for different isolation approaches.
This document discusses ground vibrations and considerations for designing facilities to address vibration issues. It covers the different types of ground vibrations, how vibrations are measured, criteria for vibration isolation, and methods for isolating vibration sources and sensitive equipment from floor vibrations. Cost is also discussed at a high level, noting the tradeoffs between isolation performance and construction costs for different isolation approaches.
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
RECALL
Vibration is a phenomenon which exists and presents itself in many
ways, such as heartbeat, car travel or earthquakes to name a few. This paper considers only ground and ground related vibrations which cause objectionable effects in industry where buildings, machinery, sensitive equipment and humans must be considered. TRIVIA The faint earth tremor caused by natural phenomena is called MICROSEISM GROUND VIBRATIONS GROUND VIBRATION are composed of: - Surface Waves (R-wave or RAYLEIGH wave) - Shear Wave (S-wave) - Compression Wave (P-Wave) R-WAVE S WAVE P WAVE DESIGNING CONSIDERATIONS
VIBRATION SOURCES VIBRATION MEASUREMENT VIBRATION ISOLATION CRITERIA COST VIBRATION SOURCES Mechanical vibration sources are of many types such as machinery, water, air handling, transportation, electrical, hydraulic, man-made and earthquakes. Tall buildings greater than 30 stories, which are buffeted by winds, have a natural frequency from 0.1 Hz to 5 Hz. These vibrations are transmitted to the surrounding areas, thus disturbing precision machine tools, measuring instruments such as coordinate measuring machines (CMM's) and sensitive manufacturing processes.
Equipment which is vibration sensitive is sometimes located near
production areas which induce ground vibration. This results in a lesser quality product from precision manufacturing operations, uncontrollable readings from instruments such as coordinate measuring machines, digital read-outs and faulty performances of sensitive equipment.
Vibration sources must be identified and considered during the planning
stages of a facility. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
Vibration measurement (survey) establishes the degree and
magnitude of a vibratory environment. Usually vibration surveys are performed in various locations, so portable equipment should be used. Some major companies have the capabilities of acquiring their own measurements, however, most rely upon consultants or companies in the field of shock and vibration control. VIBRATION MEASUREMENT CAN DETERMINE: 1. Direction of the vibration source. 2. If the ground vibration exceeds the limit (sensitivity level) established by the equipment manufacturer of the equipment in question. 3. If isolation is required. 4. Power Spectrum Density (PSD) of the source. 5. Performance of an isolation system by comparing the floor vibration with respect to the isolated equipment. VIBRATION ISOLATION CRITERIA When considering the location and installation of equipment which is sensitive to vibration or equipment which induces shock or vibration into the ground or surrounding structures, major questions will arise. Serious vibration consideration should be given when designing a new facility in a new or existing building. Steps in vibration isolation analysis 1) Describe the vibration influences of all variables involved. - Determine the sensitivity of the equipment to be installed.
2) Determine the method of isolation.
2 types of isolation Isolating equipment that induces shock or vibration into the ground Isolating floor-borne vibrations. Isolating equipment that induces shock or vibration into the ground
- This kind of isolation is predictable and tends to change
with load. This approach is permanent; so if the equipment is moved, isolation is lost and new construction would be required. Isolating floor-borne vibrations.
- to isolate the equipment from the supporting floor by means
of a low frequency vibration isolation system. This approach may use the following basic types: metal springs, elastomeric springs, pneumatic isolators and/or a combination of the same. COST - The discussion of cost is limited to an overview of the discussed isolator types, construction cost and portability. When vibration problems are anticipated in a new or existing facility, an analysis or a vibration survey is a must to avoid costly oversights or guessing. Since elastomer and metal springs inherently have a higher natural frequency meaning less isolation, pneumatic isolators must be considered.
