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    Advanced Transport Phenomena: Mass Transport: Illustrative Problems

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    Tri Widayatno
    This document discusses mass transport and heat transfer within a catalytic converter. It provides solutions to several problems: 1) Calculating the diffusion coefficient and Schmidt number for CO transport through the mixture. 2) Estimating the length of the catalytic channel needed to achieve 95% CO conversion, which is calculated to be 8.3 cm. 3) Determining the heat generated by CO oxidation and sensible heating, totaling to 1.07 cal/s per channel.

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    Advanced Transport Phenomena: Mass Transport: Illustrative Problems

    Uploaded by

    Tri Widayatno
    21 views24 pages
    This document discusses mass transport and heat transfer within a catalytic converter. It provides solutions to several problems: 1) Calculating the diffusion coefficient and Schmidt number for CO transport through the mixture. 2) Estimating the length of the catalytic channel needed to achieve 95% CO conversion, which is calculated to be 8.3 cm. 3) Determining the heat generated by CO oxidation and sensible heating, totaling to 1.07 cal/s per channel.

    Original Description:

    Contoh soal proses transfer lanjut untuk kasus transfer massa dengan reaksi kimia

    Original Title

    PTL#04 Ilustrative Problem

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    This document discusses mass transport and heat transfer within a catalytic converter. It provides solutions to several problems: 1) Calculating the diffusion coefficient and Schmidt number for CO transport through the mixture. 2) Estimating the length of the catalytic channel needed to achieve 95% CO conversion, which is calculated to be 8.3 cm. 3) Determining the heat generated by CO oxidation and sensible heating, totaling to 1.07 cal/s per channel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views24 pages

    Advanced Transport Phenomena: Mass Transport: Illustrative Problems

    Uploaded by

    Tri Widayatno
    This document discusses mass transport and heat transfer within a catalytic converter. It provides solutions to several problems: 1) Calculating the diffusion coefficient and Schmidt number for CO transport through the mixture. 2) Estimating the length of the catalytic channel needed to achieve 95% CO conversion, which is calculated to be 8.3 cm. 3) Determining the heat generated by CO oxidation and sensible heating, totaling to 1.07 cal/s per channel.

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    Advanced Transport Phenomena

    Lecture 4
    Mass Transport: Illustrative Problems

    1
    Mass Transport: Illustrative Problems

    2
    SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM

    3
    SOLUTION

    Catalytic Converter

    4
    SOLUTION

    a. Mechanism of CO(g) transport to the wall

    If Re < 2100 (see below),transport to the wall is by


    Fick diffusion of CO(g) through the prevailing
    mixture.
    1.73
    0.216  T  cm 2
    DCO  mix  DCO  N2    .
    p  300  s

    5
    SOLUTION
    1.73
    Therefore 0.216  600  cm 2
    DCO  mix  600 K ,1 atm      0.684 .
    1  300  s
    Analogous heat transfer diffusivity is k  cp  for gas
    mixture
    b. Discuss whether the Mass transfer Analogy
    Conditions(M A C) and Heat transfer Analogy Conditions
    (H A C) are met; implications ?

     Since Mmix and Mco are close yCO  CO ; hence we will
    assume CO , 1  0.02.
    6
    SOLUTION

    c. Sc for the mixture : ScCO  vmix DCO mix


    Now:
    1 
    mix  air   700  500  
    2 
    4
     3.31  10 poise
    and:
    
    pM

    1 28.97 
     5.88  10 4 g

    RT  82.06  600  cm3

    7
    SOLUTION

    therefore
    cm2
    v     mix  0.563
    s
    therefore

    0.563
    Sc  v DCO  mix   0.823
    0.684

    8
    SOLUTION

    d. L=? We will need Re


    Now:
    4 A  4  0.15 cm  0.15 cm 
    d eff    0.15 cm
    P  4  0.15cm 
    U  103 cm s
    v  0.562 cm2 s

    therefore Re 
       0.15
    103

     267 (laminar-flow
    regime) 0.562

    9
    SOLUTION

    For a square channel


    Nu m     2.976 and C f . Re  14.227 (used below).
    If CO , w  0, then the mass-transfer analogy is:

    CO ,b  z 
    CO ,b  0 

     exp 4 m F  entrance  . Nu m    

    10
    SOLUTION

    where
    1 z
    m  . .
    Re Sc deff

    We estimate z  L at which b  L  b  0  0.05.

    If
    0.05  exp   X 
    then
     1 
    X  ln   = 2.9957
     0.05 
    11
    SOLUTION
    therefore

    4m . Num    . F  entrance   2.9957.


    Tentatively, assume F (entrance =1).Then:
    1  L 0 
     4. .    2.976   2.9957;
     267  0.823  0.15 cm 
    that is,
     0 2.9957
    m   0.25166
     4 2.976
    (at which F (entrance) is indeed  1 ). Solving for L gives:
    L =8.3 cm ( needed to give 95 % CO-Conversion). 12
    SOLUTION

    e. Discuss underlying assumptions, e.g.,

    fully developed flow?

    nearly constant thermo physical properties?

    no homogeneous chemical reaction?

    “ diffusion-controlled” surface reaction?

    f. If the catalyst were “ poisoned,” it would not be able to


    maintain CO , w  CO ,b . This would cause Lreq to exceed
    8.3 cm. If catalyst were completely deactivated, then
    CO , w  CO ,b , and, of course, Lreq   13
    SOLUTION

    g. If the heat of combustion is 67.8 kcal/mole CO, how


    much heat is delivered to the catalyst channel per unit
    time? Overall CO balance gives the CO-consumption
    rate/channel:

    mCO,channel  m CO, 1 . conversion  ,


    where
    m  U A   5.04 10 4
    10   0.15
    3 2

    = 1.13 102 g s  per channel  .


    14
    SOLUTION

    Moreover,

    CO , 1  0.02; Conversion  0.95;


    hence,
    mCO ,channel  1.13 102   0.02  0.95  g s
    = 2.156 104 g s
    and

    kcal 1 g  mole CO 3 cal


    Q  67.8 .  2.42 10
    g  mole CO 28 g g

    15
    SOLUTION
    Therefore
     3 cal 
      2.156 10   2.42 10
    4 cal
    QCO oxid   0.522 .
     g  s
     The “sensible” heat transfer required to keep the wall
    at 500 K can be calculated from a heat balance on the
    8.3 cm-long duct- i.e., once we calculate Tb  L , we
    have :

    Qsensible  m c p Tb  0  - Tb  L  ,

    16
    SOLUTION
    where
    2
    m  1.13 10 g s ,
    c p  0.251 cal  g  K 
    Tb 0  700 K .
    Mixing cup avg temp at duct outlet ?

    Tw  Tb  L   exp 4 .Nu  .F entrance .


    Tw  Tb 0
     h h   

    17
    SOLUTION
    Again, we see that F  entrance   1 since;
    1 L 1  8.3 
    h  .   ,
    Re.Pr d eff  267  0.706   0.15 
     h  0.293.
    Moreover,

    Num     2.976;

    18
    SOLUTION
    therefore

    Tb L  Tw
     exp -4  0.293 2.976   0.0304;
    Tb 0  Tw
    and
    Tb L  500
     0.0304, or
    700  500
    Tb  L  = 506 K

    19
    SOLUTION

    Therefore,

    Qsensible  m c p . Tb  0   Tb  L  
     2 g   cal 
    = 1.135 10   0.251   700  506 K 
     s  g .K 

    ie., Qsens  0.552 cal s ,


    Qtotal  QCO oxid .  Qsens  0.522  0.552
    cal
    = 1.07 per channel .
    s
    20
    SOLUTION
    h. “Quasi-Steady” Application of These Results?
    Note that:
    L 8.3
    t flow   3
     8.3 ms
    U 10 cm s
    and
    w 2  0.15 2
    2 2

    t diff   2
     8.2 ms;
    D CO  mix cm
    0.684
    s
    hence, if the characteristic period of the unsteadiness >>
    8.2 ms, the previous results can be used at each flow
    condition.

    21
    SOLUTION

    i. Pressure Drop p ?

    We have:
    w 14.227
    Cf   for square duct, laminar flow.
    1 Re
    U 2
    2
    Therefore
    1 2  14.227
     w   U  .  perimeter  mean shear stress  ,
    2  Re

    22
    SOLUTION
    But
    4 2
    1 5.043 10 g  3 cm  2 dyne
    U 
    2
    3 
    10  =2.98 10 .
    2 2 cm  s  cm 2

    Therefore

     w  ( 2.98 10 )
    2 14.22
    267
     
     2.98 102 5.335 10 3 
    Cf

     w  1.345 dyne cm 2 .

    23
    SOLUTION

    From overall momentum balance:

    4w  4(0.15) cm
     p  Aduct channel   w .  Perim. .L
    - p =  w  4 L w 
    = 1.345  4  8.3 0.15  2.48 102 dyne cm2
    -p p 1 = 2.93 105  0.003%.

    24

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