EMERGENCY PLANNING

LESMER G. EVASCO, CPP, CSP, CSMS

RESOURCE SPEAKER
 Introduction:
• Planning for extraordinary events such as natural
disasters and man-caused incidents is a critical task.
• One must be able to plan for certain events that usually
occur in a specific location.
• We may not prevent loss of life and property, but in
planning ahead, we can mitigate their effects.
• An emergency plan is not complete if there is no
recovery and continuity plan.
• Plans should also include strategies on certain
contingencies or risks.
What is an Emergency?
• (Webster’s Dictionary)
• Unforseen combination of circumstances
or the resulting state that calls for
immediate action
• (Reader’s Digest)
• A sudden juncture demanding immediate
action
• (Pinoy’s Interpretation)
• “Di inaasahang pangyayari”
To a Security Professional:
• Any situation that diverts an
organization from its normal
operations
which
waste time
and
financial
resources.
What is a Disaster?
Webster’s Dictionary:
• A sudden calamitous event
producing great material damage,
loss and distress.
From a stand point of a Professional:
• It happens, when you do not know
what to do in that particular
emergency/crisis situation.
What is Mitigation?
 It is the ongoing effort to prevent, avoid,
control or lessen the impact of out-of-course
events have on people and property.
 It is a sustained action that reduces or
eliminates long-term risk to people and
property from natural hazards and their
effects.
 Mitigation can also involve educating
businesses and the public on simple measures
they can take to reduce loss and injury.
 other important definitions:
• Business Continuity Plan( BCP) – A plan designed to ensure
uninterrupted or continuous operation of a business facility
stricken by unforeseen/forseen natural and/or man-made events.
Ex: Unforeseen – earthquake, landslide, structure collapse
Foreseen – power failure, accident

• Crisis – A situation caused by a natural or man-made event.

• Crisis Management – The handling of a crisis with the end of

avoiding its occurrence through reducing its impact upon the
facility through application of mitigating measures and to
immediately restore disrupted operation to normal situation and
taking proper disposition of its effects upon the facility.
•CMT (Crisis Management Team) – A group of selected or senior
managers of a facility or locality whose primary function is to manage
and coordinate efforts in handling an imminent or actual crisis and
immediately after its occurrence.
The team is regularly composed of
COO/ General Manager
Finance Manager,
HR Manager,
Operations Manager,
Chief Engineer,
PR Manager
Security Manager
Legal Manager
•ERT (Emergency Response Team) – A group of individuals of
varying expertise and assignments who respond to every conceivable
emergency providing response action while waiting for the arrival of
professional emergency crew.
 UNDERSTANDING THE SOURCES OR
CAUSES OF EMERGENCY OR DISASTER

Before making an emergency or disaster plan,

one has to understand first the threats and
hazards that may happen which could cause the
emergency or disaster.
Types of Emergencies/Disasters
that could entail :

1. Dangers to life
2. Dangers to health
3. Dangers to property
4. Dangers to the environment
THIS COULD BE CATEGORIZED AS:

 NATURAL DISASTERS
 MAN-MADE DISASTERS
 TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES
 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
 OTHER EMERGENCIES
 NATURAL DISASTERS

Typhoon
Earthquake
Tsunami
Flooding
Landslides
 Typhoon
•An average of 22 Typhoons occur every year
•more often, 5 will be destructive
 The Philippine Storm Warning Signal

Signal No. Wind Speed (kph) Time of Occurrence

1 30-60 At least 36 hours
2 61-100 At least 24 hours
3 101-170 At least 18 hours
4 171- 220 At least 12 hours
And as of May 2015, PAG-ASA added Signal no.5 storm warning
for a maximum wind speed of over 220kph within 12 hours.
PAGASA’s New Rainfall and Flood Warning System
Color Alert Expectation Response
YELLOW 7.5 – 15 mm rains or heavy rains observed in 1 hour and Monitor the weather
expected to continue in the next 2 hours. Flooding is possible condition

ORANGE 15-30 mm rains or intense rains observed in 1 hour and is Alert for possible
expected to continue in the next 2 hours. Flooding is evacuation
threatening.

RED More than 30 mm of rains observed in 1 hour and expected to Evacuation

continue in the next 2 hours. Serious flooding is expected in
low-lying areas.
24 QUAKES / DAY GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
PHIVOLCS : THE GREAT QUAKE
Measuring Earthquake by Intensity
Based on effects on people, objects, buildings and changes in the environment
Measuring Earthquake by Magnitude
Devised by Charles Ricther; measures the energy released
• Less than 2.0 – Micro-earthquakes, not felt. 8,000quakes/year
• 5.0-5.9 - "earthquakes with moderate strength“ Can cause
major damage to poorly constructed buildings over small
regions. At most slight damage to well-designed buildings.
800 per year
• 6.0-6.9 - "strong earthquakes" Can be destructive in areas up
to about 100 miles across in populated areas. 120 per year
• 7.0-7.9 - "major earthquakes" Can cause serious damage over
larger areas. Skyscrapers at risk. 18 per year
• 8.0 or greater - "great earthquakes" Can cause serious damage
in several hundred miles across. Tsunamis are produced.
Many aftershocks 100-1,000 km diameter. Average 1 per year
• Over 9.0 M – Earthquake struck Japan on March 11, 2011
creating widespread devastations, a huge tsunami and a
nuclear plant explosion.
SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKES
 Measuring the Earthquake Magnitude
INTENSITY I – Scarcely perceptible
INTENSITY II - Slightly Felt
INTENSITY III - Weak
INTENSITY IV - Moderately Strong
INTENSITY V - Strong
INTENSITY VI – Very Strong
INTENSITY VII –Destructive
INTENSITY VIII – Very Destructive
INTENSITY IX – Devastating
INTENSITY X – Completely Devastating
 Tsunami Facts
• Tsunami is a Japanese word; 'tsu' meaning harbour and 'nami' meaning wave.
• Tsunamis are sometimes incorrectly called tidal waves but have nothing to do
with tides.
• Tsunamis can travel up to 950 km per hour - as fast as a passenger jet!
• Tsunami waves move outwards, away from their source. One or more waves
can be created per event. Successive peaks can be anywhere from five to ninety
minutes apart.
• The passage of a tsunami involves the movement of water all the way to the
seafloor. This means that the speed of a tsunami is controlled by water depth -
as the wave approaches land it reaches increasingly shallow water and slows
down.
• The highest tsunami occur if they encounter a long and gradual shallowing of
the water, because this allows enough time for the wave to interact with its
surroundings and cause extensive damage to low-lying areas.
 MAN-MADE DISASTERS
 Fire
 Terrorism – (will be thoroughly discussed separately)
 Civil disturbances
 Robbery / holdup
 Sabotage
major fire tragedies:
KENTEX FACTORY
May 13, 2015 -78 died
B&B PENSION HOUSE
Dec 20, 2010 -15died
MANOR TRAGEDY
Aug 18, 2001 -75died
LUNG CENTER BLAZE
May 16, 1998 -20died
OLD ORPHANAGE
Dec 3, 1998 -29died
OZONE DISCO
Mar 18,1996 -162died
3 minutes –
allowable time
to extinguish it
safely

5 minutes –
fire could
become
uncontrollable
 FIRE PROTECTION
“Fire loading” is the amount of combustible material that
occupies the interior of a building.
There are no fireproof building only fire-resistant designs.

• FOUR ELEMENTS • BY-PRODUCTS OF

OF FIRE FIRE ARE:

• 1.Heat • 1.Smoke
• 2.Fuel • 2.Gas
• 3.Oxygen • 3.Heat
• 4.Chemical Reactions • 4.Expanded Air
• FIRES ARE CLASSIFIED IN • A NORMAL FIRE
FOUR CATEGORIES: PROCEEDS THROUGH
FOUR STAGES:
1. Class A
-Ordinary combustible material
e.g. paper, furniture, etc. 1. Incipient (no smoke)

2. Class B
2. Smoldering (smoke
-Petrol, grease, oil or
begins to appear)
volatile fluids
3. Class C
3. Flame (actual visible fire)
-Electrical Fires
4. Class D
4. Heat (heat is intense and
-Combustible Metal
building up)
e.g. magnesium, sodium, potassium
NOTE : “class K” - kitchen fire
Toxic gases and smoke causes more fire deaths by fire itself.
TERRORISM

95% of bomb
threat calls or
letters are
considered hoax
BOMBS AND BOMB THREATS

Military ordnance – grenades, rocket,,detonating cords

 Things to Know
• Bombs have been used against establishments,
organizations and individuals for the purpose of
revenge, extortion and terrorism.

• The physical appearance of a bomb is limited only

by the imagination of the bomber.

• Bomb threats may be received by telephone, written

message by mail or indicated by intelligence
sources.
Most bomb threats are false
but should be treated
seriously and with extreme
caution.
Robbery / Holdup
CIVIL DISTURBANCE
Industrial / Environmental Accidents
• nuclear plant accident
• release of toxic chemicals/gases
• oil spill
• plane crash
• sea mishaps
• derailment / head on collission of trains
• motor vehicle accidents
• construction accidents
• building collapse
• dam rupture
TECHNICAL EMERGENCIES

Computer Systems Failure

Power Failure
Elevator Malfunction
Electronic Door Lock /
Cardkey Failure
Aircon Failure
 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
 Heart attack
 Asthma attack
 Allergy
 Hypertension
 Complications of existing disease
 Sudden illness such as high fever
 muscle spasm or cramps
 Epileptic seizure
 Presence of MERSCOV,SARS,Birds Flu
OTHER EMERGENCIES
Death or Suicide
Accident
Food poisoning
Choking
Drowning
Locked in
Water leak
Gas leak
Emergency
Planning
 KEY STEPS IN EMERGENCY /
DISASTER / CONTINGENCY
PLANNING

First Step – Develop a Sound Plan

Second Step – Determine Priorities
Third Step – Define the Purpose of an Emergency Plan
Fourth Step – Define the Goals of an Emergency Plan
 First Step in Planning:
Develop a sound plan which will:
1. Define disaster or emergency in terms relevant to the
organization doing the planning

2. Establish an organization with specific tasks to function

before, during and following an emergency

3. Establish a method for utilizing resources on for

obtaining additional resources at the time of emergency

4. Provide a recognizable means for moving from normal

operations into emergency mode of operations
Second Step in Planning
Determine Priorities
• In making a plan, the relative
importance of different types of
activities must be organized.

• There must be an ADVANCE

DETERMINATION OF PRIORITIES
or resources will be wasted.
 1st PRIORITY

• Protection of Human Life

• Evacuation & Shelter
• Personal Protection
• Rescue & Relief
2ND PRIORITY
Prevent or minimize personal
injury thru:
- Design Safety & Training

3RD PRIORITY
Reduce the exposure of physical
assets thru Good Housekeeping
4TH PRIORITY
Optimize loss control for assets
whose exposure cannot be
reduced

5TH PRIORITY
Restore normal operations as
quickly as possible
Third Step in Planning
Define the Purpose of an
Emergency Plan in order:
• To highlight the type of problems the
executives will be involved with the plan
• To require the executives to consider
in advance how they will react when an
emergency begins to develop
Fourth Step in Planning
Define the Goals of an
Emergency Planning
• To minimize effects of any disaster upon
plant and community personnel

• To keep property and equipment loss at a

minimum

• To ensure cooperation of all plant

departments charged with specific activities
•
• To ensure appropriate cooperative action
with outside civic and government agencies
Basic Facts to Consider
1. Goals of the emergency
plan.
2. Emergency plan should be
in writing
3. The plan should be precise
and specific
Basic Facts to Consider
4. A separate Emergency Plan
should be prepared for each type
of disaster which has a
probability of occurring
5. Key elements of the plan:
a. What to do?
b. Who will do it?
6. Checklist before formulating a
detailed emergency plan.
 Key Steps in Planning
1. Get in touch/coordinate with your
local civil authorities
2. Visit neighboring plants/offices
3. Survey your plant for possible
hazards and take immediate action
to lessen or eliminate them
4. Appoint a disaster director or
disaster coordinator
 Key Steps in Planning
5. Early in the planning stage, present
the program to your employees and
enlist the active support
6. Call an organization meeting the
heads of services, employee
representative and key personnel
Outline purposes of the program and
explain how the company should
organize for protection.
7. Define the Program
The Disaster Coordinator should
begin work on a
DISASTER CONTROL MANUAL.

This manual should be:

a. AUTHORITATIVE
b. CLEAR
c. PRECISE
d. SPECIFIC
e. COVERS EVERY EVENTUALITY
Contingency
Planning
Framework of Contingency Planning

A “contingency” can be regarded as:

• a potential event
• occurrence or condition outside the scope
of normal business activities
• with significant potential for death , injury,
property damage , asset diversion , or
• other unfavorable impact upon the
organization.
• A “Contingency” is a
POTENTIAL event.

• A “Crisis” on the other hand is

a specific situation in which a
contingent event has occurred
or is imminent.
CONTINGENCY CRISIS
TERRORISM A kidnapping, assassination
or threat of either
EXTORTION A bomb or bomb threat,
kidnapping, or kidnapping
threat, contamination or
threat of contamination
LABOR VIOLENCE Violent strike, assault on
workers, sabotage at facilities
CIVIL DISTURBANCE A mass protest or violent
demonstration
INDUSTRIAL Explosion, fire
DISASTER
NATURAL Flood, earthquake, typhoon,
CATASTROPHE tsunami
CONTINGENCY
PLANNING
GUIDE
A. A contingency group should
be constituted and must:

• be available at the headquarters

location
• know the organization and its
operation
• be senior in management
• understand the importance of the
planning task
B. The planning group representation
• Security
• Legal
• Finance
• Personnel or Human Relations
• Public Relations
• Communications
• Area or Functional Management
• International Operations
C. Planning and Organizing for
Defense

The one continuous

requirement in
maintaining a suitable
defensive posture is for
sustained planning.
D. Involve the three major
activities in planning

• Threat assessment
• Resources allocation
• General and Individual
awareness effort
E. Management
Succession Plan

• Identify and train the

person who could manage
the department
F. Alternate
Headquarters
• Identify and equip for
activation on short notice
WHAT IS A HOT SITE?
A hot site is a standby alternate site whose
hardware and operating software duplicate
your own. It is operated by a third party who
rents backup service to many companies.
You will have to move in with your data files
and application programs with the whole
operating crew, accessibility to transportation
and communications facilities is essential.
Hot site back up is not cheap.
G. Public Relations

• There must be only one

spokesperson
• Manage flow of information
H. Medical Care and Welfare

• Prepare / arrange
responses, evacuations, and
sustenance
The four colors of triage:

1. Black
(Expectant) which
entails pain
medication only until
death
2. Red (Immediate)
which entails life
threatening injuries
3. Yellow (Delayed)
which entails non-life
threatening injuries
4. Green: (Minor)
which entails minor
injuries
I. Notification & WARNING
SYSTEM

• Should provide a method of notifying or

warning those occupying the facility
when an emergency situation exists.
• Outdoor and indoor warning system
J. TRANSPORTATION
• Assigned to an individual and a
designated alternate.
• Use of all available vehicles in the
organization.
• Possibility of leasing additional units.
K. SECURITY & SUPPORT PERSONNEL

• Provision for additional employees to help

security in handling emergencies (as force
multiplier)
• Enforce Access Control - Use of badges/arm
bands, barriers, etc.
• Police/Fire/local government/outside support
organizations’ contact numbers must be
readily available and updated.
L. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN &
RESTORATION
• Proper shutdown of machinery, utilities and
processes.
• Specific responsibility for shutdown should be
assigned in the disaster plan.
• Assign people familiar with the process.
• Crew should be small as possible but drilled in
fast shutdown procedure.
• Safety of facility structure.
M. Testing the Plan
1) Deficiencies in the plan will be
unearthed
2) People involved in the
implementation of the plan will
receive valuable training.
3) Changes in personnel and facilities
can be made
Keeping the plan up to date
• Review the plan regularly to
make the necessary
adjustments, amendments, etc.

2 Types of Testing the Plan

1) Partial (by elements)
2) Complete (entire organization)
 “NO SECURITY PLAN OR
PROGRAM CAN BE EFECTIVE
UNLESS IT IS BASED UPON A
CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF
THE ACTUAL RISKS IT IS
DESIGNED TO CONTROL .”
 END OF PRESENTATION

•THANK YOU!
Terrorism
FOR CPP PROGRAM REVIEW ONLY.

Prepared by:

LESMER G EVASCO, CPP

Worldwide Profile on Terrorism
 Introduction

• Terrorism is not new.

• It predates by millennia the modern term
used to describe it.
• It traces its roots back at least some 2,000
years.
• Terrorism has evolved considerably
motivated by religious convictions.
KIDNAPPING INCIDENTS IN THE WORLD
Jewish groups Sicari & Zealots - 1st Century
• Sicaris favored weapon was the sica (short dagger which
gave them their name which literally means ‘dagger men’)
• Zealots gave us the modern term Zealot, one
translation of which is “a fanatical partisan.”
• Killings usually took place in daylight and in front of
witnesses to send message to the Roman authorities
and those Jews who collaborated with them.
- This is a tactic that would also be used by
subsequent generations of what would become known
as terrorists.
 The Assassins, an 11th century offshoot of a Shia
Muslim sect Ismailis
• Stabbed their victims (generally politicians or clerics
who refused to adopt the purified version of Islam
they were forcibly spreading) in broad daylight.
• The word literally meant ‘hashish-eater’. They
indulge in ritual drug taking prior to undertaking
missions.
• They killed at religious sites on holy days to publicize
their cause and incite others to it.
• They viewed their deaths on such operations as
sacrificial and a guarantor that they would enter
paradise.
The Thugees – 7th to mid-19th Century
• Gave us the word ‘thug’
• An Indian religious cult; ritually strangled their
victims as offering to Kali, the Hindu goddess
of terror and destruction.
• Intent was to terrify the victim rather than
influence any external audience.
• Responsible for as many as 1 million murders.
Origin of the word TERRORISM
• Comes from the regime de la terreur that prevailed in
France from 1793-1794.
• Originally an instrument of the state; initially, a positive
term
• Designed to consolidate the power of the newly-installed
revolutionary government to protect it from elements
considered ‘subversive.’
• Some 40,000 people were executed by guillotine.
• The French Revolution devoured itself in an orgy of
paranoiac bloodletting.
• Terrorism, which started as a nationalist cause, began
taking on the negative connotations it carries today.
 Definition
Terrorism means different things to different people
dependent upon individual perspective, thus, many
definitions exist, as follows:
• Violence for effect - dramatic impact on an audience.
• Violent behavior designed to generate fear in the community,
or a substantial segment of it, for political purposes.
• All illegal acts of violence committed for political purposes by
clandestine groups.
• Terrorism is the calculated use of violence or the threat of
violence to inculcate fear;
- intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies
in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or
ideological.
 Three Categories of Terrorism
1. Rational Motivation
Seeks to determine whether there are less costly and more
effective ways to achieve his objective than terrorism.
2. Psychological Motivation
- Personal dissatisfaction with his life and accomplishments
- Do not consider they may be wrong and that others' views
have merit
- Pronounced need to belong to a group.
- “We versus they" outlook - They attribute only evil
motives to anyone outside their own group.
3. Cultural Motivation
- Willingness to self-sacrifice for their organization and
cause
- Lives of "others" can be destroyed with little or no
remorse.
- Threat to ethnic group survival or Fear of cultural
extermination leads to violence
- Religion - most volatile identifier; it encompasses
values deeply held
a. Right to use force to obtain converts
b. Especially violent
c. View their acts with moral certainty and even divine
sanctions
d. A religious duty
e. High level of commitment and willingness to risk death
 Factors that Influence Contemporary Terrorism

1. Media – publicity for their cause; the more

violent and horrific, the more publicity is gained.
2. Communications – high-tech communications
enhanced the terrorist’s capabilities to operate in
any part of the world quickly, efficiently and
with relative ease.
3. Potential for Super-violence – High-tech
weaponry in the hands of terrorists can prove to
be devastating such as SAMs, SSM, Laser
devices, Chemical, biological and nuclear
weapons.
 Motivation and Group Classification

1. Minority Nationalistic Groups

2. Marxist Revolutionary Groups
3. Anarchist Groups
4. Pathological Groups
5. Neo-Fascist and Extreme Right Wing
Groups
6. Ideological Groups
Three Broad Categories of Terrorists

1. Crusaders –ideologically inspired

individuals or groups.. the political
terrorists
2. Criminals – people who commit terrorist
acts for personal rather than ideological
gain
3. Crazies – mentally ill people who will
commit terrorist acts during a period of
psychiatric disturbance
 Three Distinct Grouping of Terrorists

1. National - operates within a single nation

2. Transnational – Operates across national
borders
3. International - a terrorist is controlled by
and whose actions represents the national
interest of a sovereign state.
 Profile of a Terrorists

1. Under 30 years of age

2. Action oriented
3. Some college education
4. From affluent/middle class
5. Often trained in medical, legal,
engineering, teaching professions
6. Terrorism rarely a full-time occupation
7. Inward assurance of strength
8. Paradoxically, basically lonely
9. Believes he/she to be morally superior and in
own mind is right
10. Indifferent to suffering of his immediate victims
11. Looks to colleagues for acceptance
12. Wants respect from victims
13. Willing to sacrifice self
14. Seeks publicity
15. Believes violence is morally justified to support
cause
 COMMON STRATEGIES

1.Common strategy - to commit acts of

violence which will draw the attention of
the people, the government, the world, to
his/her plight or the groups they represent.
2.Victim is seldom the target of terrorists -
Real target is the general public or business
sector to produce fear in the victim and
those who are both dependent on
government for protection.
 COMMON TACTICS

1.Simple to apply
2.Dynamic in their effects
3.Hit and run by nature, and
4.Designed for their impact upon the public
rather than the victim.
 Examples of Common Tactics
1. Bombing – 70% were attributed to the terrorist bomb.
- The increase in bombing activity and sophistication of devices used
caused the NATO EOD Standardization Committee to classify all terrorist
bombs as Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs).
2. Arson –Not a popular tactic among terrorists.
3. Hijacking and Skyjacking
4. Ambush – well planned ones seldom fail
5. Kidnapping – constitute 8% of terrorist incidents
6. Hostage Taking - Extremely fine difference between kidnapping and
hostage taking
- Kidnappers normally confines his victim in a secret hideaway while a
hostage taker will confront authorities and openly hold his victim for
ransom:
a. to gain media attention
b. increase dramatic effect to force concessions
c. the hostage is a tangible asset which he can use to bargain.
7. Assassination –oldest of all terrorist tactics and is still widely used today.
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST TERRORISM
 1. LOW PROFILE
a. Avoid showing off material wealth
b. Drive an inconspicuous vehicle; avoid special plates, rank or
designations and luxury cars
c. Use unmarked parking spaces and vary where you park
d. Do not place your family name on your car or home.
e. Maintain an unlisted phone number, and do not give it
indiscriminately.
f. Avoid publicity
g. Information about your home, car, family, security efforts and
activities should be known only by immediate family, friends,
and security personnel, and only on the Need-To-Know basis.
h. Avoid establishing any daily routines
1) Being unpredictable is your best defense
2) Reduces the chance of being attacked by 65%.
 2. FAMILY AWARENESS

a. Stress importance of security and

seriousness of the threat
b. Cultivate mutual concern for security
so that all family members are
involved with the security effort.
 3. ESTABLISH BASIC FAMILY SECURITY
PROCEDURES
a. Habitually keep outside doors and gate closed and locked.
b. Keep all accessible windows closed and locked.
c. Change locks if keys are compromised.
d. Never open doors to unscheduled repairmen or strangers.
e. Verify all repair and delivery men when not recognized.
f. Do not accept unsolicited packages. Route mail through the
office.
g. Be alert to all suspicious and unusual activity and report
everything that happens regardless of how insignificant.
h. Develop a family duress code so that family members can warn
each other when they are in danger.
i. Brief all family and household members thoroughly on
emergency procedures.
 4. TRAVEL PRECAUTIONS
a. Avoid routines while traveling.
b. When possible, travel in groups.
c. Avoid isolated roads, danger areas, civil
disturbances and crowds.
d. Be alert and note anyone who appears to be
following. Do not antagonize the individual;
quickly move to a safe haven and report the
incident.
e. Keep emergency numbers handy.
f. Keep your staff and family constantly aware of
your location.
 5. AUTOMOBILE TIPS
a. Always keep your vehicle in good mechanical condition and your gas tank half
full.
b. Always check over your car before getting in.
c. Drive with car doors locked and windows closed and secure your car when
unattended.
d. Never pick up hitchhikers or strangers.
e. Memorize the location of safe havens along your regular routes.
f. If your are involved in a minor accident and feel there is imminent danger to
you or your passengers, drive away and assess the damage at a public location.
Then report the incident.
g. On multi-lane highways, drive in the center lane to make it more difficult to
force your car to the curb.
h. If you face a suspicious blockade, avoid it by driving in the opposite direction.
Be prepared to escape by going around the obstacle or by ramming.
i. Avoid driving close behind other vehicles or any situation where you can be
boxed in.
j. Strongly consider having all family drivers take an offensive and defensive
driving classes.
 6. BOMB THREATS
If your receive a bomb threat:
a. Stay calm
b. Be courteous
c. Listen
d. Activate telephone recorder, if any
e. Report the threat to proper authority immediately
f. Evacuate the threatened area if a specific area is
known
g. Internal search can be done
h. Do not touch suspicious object.
 7. ASSAULTS AND BOMBINGS

If you are involved in an attack:

a. Do not panic
b. Take cover by hitting the floor immediately
c. Often, 2 or more explosions are spaced apart, so,
do not get up until a few minutes have passed
d. During a small arms attack, staying low will
clear fields of fire for security personnel.
 COMBATING TERRORISM
Combating terrorism involves two sets of actions to oppose
terrorism:
• Antiterrorism (defensive measures),
• Counterterrorism (offensive measures).

Antiterrorism is defined as "defensive measures used to reduce

the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to
include limited response and containment by local military
forces."

Counterterrorism involves those offensive measures taken to

prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism.
 SUMMARY

The following relevant characteristics must be considered:

• First - anyone can be a victim.
- Some terrorists may still operate under cultural restraints,
such as a desire to avoid harming women, but the planner
cannot count on that.
- Essentially, there are no innocents.
• Second - attacks that may appear to be senseless and random
are not.
- To the perpetrators, their attacks make perfect sense.
- Acts such as bombing public places of assembly and
shooting into crowded restaurants heighten public anxiety.
This is the terrorists' immediate objective.
• Third - the terrorist needs to publicize his attack. If
no one knows about it, it will not produce fear.
- The need for publicity often drives target selection;
the greater the symbolic value of the target, the more
publicity the attack brings to the terrorists and the
more fear it generates.
• Finally - a leader planning for addressing
terrorism must understand that he cannot protect
every possible target all the time.
– He must also understand that terrorists will likely shift from
more protected targets to less protected ones. This is the
key to defensive measures.
Q&A
Thank you