English Competency Course Clases

ENGLISH COMPETENCY
COURSE Sessions 37
ECC to 48
WEEK 4 SUMMARY
HOW ARE THEY CALLED ? WHEN DO WE
USE THEM?
REVIEW: ARTICLES
ADD ARTICLES A, AN OR THE TO EACH SENTENCE.
WHAT ARE THE RULES FOR USING ARTICLES?
a. The information …on the Internet

b. ….. is a solicitor.
c. …. the solicitor ….. in the
newspaper.
d. …… a year from
e. The Smith … a gardener.. by the
hour.
f. …… at the Holiday Inn …. in the
next
g. …… a week ….. in the
Seychelles … of the week …. a
nasty cold.
h. ……. the poor
i. The family ….. the US ….to the
north …. the / a train.
THE PASSIVE VOICE
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
1- Recent events: It is used to

describe recent events without
specifying time.
2- Personal experiences: It is used

to express personal experiences,
there is not a definite time given.
3- It is used to express an action

that started in the past continues
to the present, the time period is
not finished and maybe it will
continue in the future.
BEEN VS GONE
http://slideplayer.com/slide/10544839/
PAIR WORK: WHAT´S THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN A AND B?
Non-defining relative clause
Defining relative clause

VERB
Complete clause S+V+C

Pair work: look at the listed
meanings and match them with the
phrasal verbs in the text.
SOLO: FILL IN THE BLANKS USING THE RIGHT
FORM OF THE PHRASAL VERBS SEEN IN THE
ARTICLE.
1. Laura ____________
pointed out that Mark had forgotten her
birthday.
2. I didn´t need my old printer, so I ________ gave it
___________.
away
check in online 24 hours before your flight.
3. You can _______
come up with
4. Tom has just ______________ a great idea!
coming back
5. Eve´s in Brazil but she´s ____________ on Friday.
looking forward
6. I´m really _______________ to my holiday, I
put up with
can´_______________ this stress any longer.
7. We need to ____________
go through the spare room this weekend.
8. I can´t find my passport, I´ll have to _________ clear out all my
drawers.
Types of Phrasal Verbs
1. Verbs with NO object (no receiver of

the action).
Deficit is going up.
The balloon went up into the

air.
2. Inseparable phrasal verbs that
always have an object. It is always after
the PhrV.
He came across a wallet in the

street.
He came across it.
The object (noun or pronoun)

goes after the phrasal verb.
3. Phrasal verbs that always have an object.
If the object is a noun, you can put it in the
middle or after the Phr.V.
He is looking a word up in the

encyclopedia.
The object can be a
noun or pronoun.
He is looking up a word.
He is looking it up. The pronoun must be in

the middle NOT after the
phrasal verb.
He is looking up it.
4. Phrasal verbs of three words
that have an object.
He always comes up with great

ideas.
The object (noun
or pronoun) is
ALWAYS AFTER
the phrasal verb.
He always comes up with them.
THE ENGLISH VERB SYSTEM
simple
• We usually use _______________ verb forms to talk about things
that are repeated, permanent or completed.
continuous
• We usually use ____________ verb forms to talk about things
that are in progress, temporary or unfinished.
perfect
• We usually use ____________verb forms to talk about things that
connect two different time periods (the past and the present,
etc.).
passive verb forms when we focus on what
• We usually use ____________
happens to someone or something rather than who or what does
the action .
PAIR WORK: Look at the following verb forms, which are
activity verbs? Which are state verbs?
STATE VERBS
ACTIVE VERBS
seem
use
believe
change
need
remember
E.g.:
Then choose the correct word in this rule .

• We don't usually use activity/state verbs in continuous
verb forms.
REMEMBER…
PRESENT HABITS
1. At USIL, I am always speaking English.
Verb BE + always + Verb (-ing)
(Present Continuous)
2. In class, I write essays once a week.

Present Simple
3. Normally, we will go for a walk on a free

day.
WILL + Verb (BASE FORM)
PAST HABITS
At school, I USED TO get high scores.

USED TO + VERB
(Base Form)
In the academy, I WOULD take notes on

my notebook.
USED TO / WOULD talk
about repeated actions
in the past.
BE CAREFUL!
I used to be a good math student.

NOT
I would be a good math student.
We CAN’T use “would” for permanent situations or

states, in those cases just “USED TO”
PAST HABITS
Past simple and used to +
infinitive are used to express
past habits, repeated actions
and states.
Example:
I hardly ever did any exercise.
I used to see him out running.
PAST HABITS
Would + infinitive is used to talk
about past habits and repeated
actions. Don´t use this verb form
with state verbs.
Example:
I´d get an ice cream or
something on the way home from
university every day.
NOTICE:
We often use “used to” when we begin describing past habits, then
continue with “would + infinitive.
E.g. I used to sleep until 10 am., then I´d get up and have breakfast
in th garden. After that, I´d get the bus to work.
Affirmative Question
Negative
1. Subj + used 1. Subj + didn’t •Did … use to +
to get use to… VERB (base
form)…?
2. Subj + would 2. Subj + •Would + you +

get wouldn´t get VERB (base
form)…?
BE USED TO / GET USED TO
LE T ´ S A N ALY ZE T H I S SI T UATION …
Was Jenny used to driving on the left
before living in Nepal?
No, she wasn´t. She was used to driving
on the right.
After driving for five years, has Jenny
got used to driving on the left?
Yes, she has.

BE CAREFUL!!
SOURCE: F2F Students´Book – Language summary 2
SECOND CONDITIONAL
First, we can use it to talk about things in the

future that are probably not going to be true.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a stadium just for me.
Second, we can use it to talk about something in

the present which is impossible, because it's not
true.
If I were you, I wouldn’t go out with that man.

We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in
formal writing
SOME ALTERNATIVES FOR «IF»
UNLESS
 Unless is followed by an af firmative verb to express "if ... not":
My leg's broken. I can't stand up unless you help me .
EVEN IF
 We also use even if to mean ‘whether or not’ (for emphasis).
Even if you apologise, he’ll never forgive you. (=Whether or not
you apologise, he’ll never forgive you.)
SO/AS LONG AS, PROVIDING/PROVIDED (THAT)

 So/As long as and providing/provided (that) can be used
instead of if to express a condition.
You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.
OTHER ALTERNATIVES FOR ¨IF¨

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ENGLISH COMPETENCY

a. The information …on the Internet

1- Recent events: It is used to

2- Personal experiences: It is used

3- It is used to express an action

Non-defining relative clause

Defining relative clause

Complete clause S+V+C

1. Verbs with NO object (no receiver of

Deficit is going up.

The balloon went up into the

He came across a wallet in the

He came across it.

The object (noun or pronoun)

He is looking a word up in the

He is looking it up. The pronoun must be in

He always comes up with great

Then choose the correct word in this rule .

2. In class, I write essays once a week.

3. Normally, we will go for a walk on a free

At school, I USED TO get high scores.

In the academy, I WOULD take notes on

I used to be a good math student.

We CAN’T use “would” for permanent situations or

2. Subj + would 2. Subj + •Would + you +

Yes, she has.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the

If I won the lottery, I would buy a stadium just for me.

Second, we can use it to talk about something in

If I were you, I wouldn’t go out with that man.

SO/AS LONG AS, PROVIDING/PROVIDED (THAT)

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