Microprocessor Systems and

Interfacing
Interfacing
 Outline
 Interfacing with MCU
 LED (Light Emitting Diode)
 Seven Segment
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
 Keypad
 Sounding Buzzer
 Relay Control
 Magnetic Sensor
 Stepper Motor
 DC Motor
 LDR Interfacing (Light Dependent Resistor)
 Analog to Digital Conversion
 LM35, Analog Temperature Sensor
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LED
 A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-
lead semiconductor light source.

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Push Button
 Pull up and Pull Down switch configuration.

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LED Animation
 LED's are becoming more and more popular
in all kinds of lighting fixtures. LED based
displays are ideal for creating high visibility
across the globe.

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Seven Segment
 There are two types of seven-segment displays,
common anode and common cathode.

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LCD
 Liquid Crystal Display.

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LCD Pin Description
 Liquid Crystal Display.
Pin
Function Name
No
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE
4 Selects command register when low; and data Register
register when high Select
5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the Read/write
register
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is Enable
given
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
8-bit data pins
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

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Keypad
 Keypad 4x3.

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Sounding Buzzer
 Buzzer is a signaling device, usually
electronic, typically used in household
appliances, automobiles etc. It is normally
used to signal alarms, alerts, errors and Ok
indication etc.

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Relay Control

 Relay is an electrically operated switch,

made up of an electromagnet and a set of
contacts. Current flowing through the coil of
relay creates a magnetic field, which attracts
a lever and changes the switch contacts.

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Magnetic Sensor
 Magnetic Sensor simply consists of two
magnetic strips enclosed in a glass tube.
When magnet is brought close to the sensor,
these strips join together. Their contact
completes circuit and a signal is generated
on microcontroller port.

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Stepper Motor
 Wave Drive.

Signal sequence for Wave Drive Stepping Mode

Step Yellow lead Blue lead Red lead White lead
(End point 1 of (End point 2 of (End point 1 of (End point 2 of
Phase1) Phase1) Phase2) Phase2)
1 1 0 0 0
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 1 0 0
4 0 0 0 1

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Stepper Motor
 Full Drive.

Signal sequence for Full Drive Stepping Mode

Step Yellow lead Blue lead Red lead White lead
(End point 1 of (End point 2 of (End point 1 of (End point 2 of
Phase1) Phase1) Phase2) Phase2)
1 1 0 1 0
2 0 1 1 0
3 0 1 0 1
4 1 0 0 1

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Stepper Motor
 Half Drive.

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Stepper Motor
 Half Drive.

Signal sequence for Half Drive Stepping Mode

Step Yellow lead Blue lead Red lead White lead
(End point 1 of (End point 2 of (End point 1 of (End point 2 of
Phase1) Phase1) Phase2) Phase2)
1 1 0 0 0
2 1 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 1 1 0
5 0 1 0 0
6 0 1 0 1
7 0 0 0 1
8 1 0 0 1

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DC Motor
 Unidirectional.

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DC Motor
 Bidirectional.

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DC Motor Speed Control
 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).

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LDR (Light Dependant Resistor)
 LDR is mainly a resistor whose resistance
varies with intensity of light, which results in a
change in its output voltage. This output
voltage is then fed to microcontroller digital
port to sense light change and perform
operation accordingly.

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ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
 ADC is a hardware module,
built into most of PIC
microcontrollers to perform
analog signal conversion into
equivalent digital signals.
Basically Analog-to-digital
conversion involves
changing an analog input
(which may be continuously
varying) into multi-level
digital output without altering
its essential contents.
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LM35, Analog Temperature Sensor
 Temperature Sensors are
of two types, analog and
digital and both types come
in different temperature
ranges. Normally the analog
temperature sensors
generate output as voltage
signal, proportional to the
applied temperature whereas
for digital sensors we require
certain protocols to read
temperature data from them.

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