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    Affinities of Cyclostomes

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    almas shaikh
    This document summarizes the characteristics of cyclostomes, which are jawless marine or freshwater vertebrates. Some key points: - Cyclostomes resemble cephalochordates in lacking jaws, exoskeleton, paired fins, and more. Their anatomy includes features like a notochord, gill slits, and simple digestive system. - As the most primitive vertebrates, cyclostomes show some advanced traits like a differentiated brain, cranium, spinal nerves, and circulatory and nervous systems - but they lack things like teeth and paired appendages. - Adults are specialized for parasitic feeding, with adaptations like a suctorial mouth and rasping tongue for

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    Affinities of Cyclostomes

    Uploaded by

    almas shaikh
    5K views11 pages
    This document summarizes the characteristics of cyclostomes, which are jawless marine or freshwater vertebrates. Some key points: - Cyclostomes resemble cephalochordates in lacking jaws, exoskeleton, paired fins, and more. Their anatomy includes features like a notochord, gill slits, and simple digestive system. - As the most primitive vertebrates, cyclostomes show some advanced traits like a differentiated brain, cranium, spinal nerves, and circulatory and nervous systems - but they lack things like teeth and paired appendages. - Adults are specialized for parasitic feeding, with adaptations like a suctorial mouth and rasping tongue for

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    This document summarizes the characteristics of cyclostomes, which are jawless marine or freshwater vertebrates. Some key points: - Cyclostomes resemble cephalochordates in lacking jaws, exoskeleton, paired fins, and more. Their anatomy includes features like a notochord, gill slits, and simple digestive system. - As the most primitive vertebrates, cyclostomes show some advanced traits like a differentiated brain, cranium, spinal nerves, and circulatory and nervous systems - but they lack things like teeth and paired appendages. - Adults are specialized for parasitic feeding, with adaptations like a suctorial mouth and rasping tongue for

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5K views11 pages

    Affinities of Cyclostomes

    Uploaded by

    almas shaikh
    This document summarizes the characteristics of cyclostomes, which are jawless marine or freshwater vertebrates. Some key points: - Cyclostomes resemble cephalochordates in lacking jaws, exoskeleton, paired fins, and more. Their anatomy includes features like a notochord, gill slits, and simple digestive system. - As the most primitive vertebrates, cyclostomes show some advanced traits like a differentiated brain, cranium, spinal nerves, and circulatory and nervous systems - but they lack things like teeth and paired appendages. - Adults are specialized for parasitic feeding, with adaptations like a suctorial mouth and rasping tongue for

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    By Almas Shaikh

    paper 1
    unit 2.6
     Cyclostomes are jawless vertebrates. They are primitive vertebrates. The cyclostomes
    are marine or fresh water vertebrates.
     Body is elongated and eel like
     Skin is soft, slimy, smooth and scaleless
     Single and median nostril present
     Mouth is round, sectorial and jawless
     Gills are respiratory organ
     Endoskeleton is cartilaginous
     Notochord persist throughout the life
     Heart is two chambered
     Gonad is single and fertilization is external
     Eg. Petromyzon[lamprey], Myxine[hagfish], Bdellostoma[eptatretus]
    [A]Resemblance with Cephalochordata
    The adult Cyclostomes and Branchiostoma have many characters in common, such as-
     Lack of jaws, exoskeleton, paired fins and gonoducts
     Persistent and continuous notochord
     Segmental muscle blocks or myotomes
     Numerous gill slits
     Straight and simple alimentary canal
     Dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves separate the lamprey.
    Besides these, the ammocoete larva of lampreys further resembles branchiosoma in-
     Fish shaped body
     Vestibule anterior to mouth
     Ciliated gut
     Continuous median dorsal and caudal fins
     Endostyle functions in feeding
    They diifer from fishes such as-
     Absence of biting jaws, scales, true teeth, paired appendages, true fin rays, girdles ,
    ribs, stomach, spleen and gonoducts
     Diphycercal caudal fin
     Continuous median dorsal fin
     Fin rays without muscular attachments and probably continuations of neural spine
     Single median nostril rather than paired
     Poorly developed vertebrae and cranium
     Absence of medullated nerves
     Ninth and tenth cranial nerves do not enclosed in the cranium
    Cyclostomes are undoubtedly vertebrates as they have many advanced though simple
    features similar to those fishes and higher vertebrates
    These are-
     Formation of distinct head bearing paired eyes and internal ears
     Differentiated brain like embryonic vertebrates with several pairs of cranial nerves
     Cranium for housing brain
     Beginning of segmental vertebrae
     Stratified or multilayered epidermis
     Dorsal root ganglion on spinal nerves
     Sympathetic nervous system
     Lateral line organs
     Gills primarily used fir respiration and not for food collection as in Branchiostoma
     E-shaped myostomes as in fishes
     Presence of liver gall bladder bite dust pineat and parieatal eyes pancreatic cells in
    mid gut wall and thyroid and pituitary glands
     Well developed circulatory system with muscular contractile heart
     Blood with erythrocytes and leucocytes
     Hepatic portal system
     Mesonephric kidneys
    Adult cyclostomes are too specialized in many aspect. It is probable that many adults
    characteristics are adaptations for parasitic mode of feeding. Some of their specialized
    characters are-
     Suctorial mouth and buccal funnel with armature of horny spikes in lampryes for attachment to
    host body
     Powerful, muscular tongue, heavily armed with sharp horny teeth serves as rasping organ
     The large slime glands
     Production of anticoagulants in saliva to feed on blood and body fluids of prey
     Peculiar sac like gill pouches located far behind head
     Complete separation of respiratory pharynx from dorsal oesophagus
     Large mucous glands secreting enormous quantities of mucus in hagfishes
     Dorsal position of single nostril high on head in lampreys
     Book of Vertebrates by kotpal
     www.notesonzoology.com

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