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Meaning and Definition of Productivity and Production Rate: Construction Productivity

This document discusses construction productivity and production rates. It defines productivity as the relationship between outputs produced and inputs consumed to create those outputs. Production rate is defined as the quantity of work produced in a unit of time. Increased production rates do not necessarily mean increased productivity. Productivity measures can be partial (related to a single input like labor), multi-factor (related to multiple inputs), or total (related to all inputs). Examples are provided to calculate labor, material, equipment, and total productivity for a concrete pouring operation.

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73 views

Meaning and Definition of Productivity and Production Rate: Construction Productivity

This document discusses construction productivity and production rates. It defines productivity as the relationship between outputs produced and inputs consumed to create those outputs. Production rate is defined as the quantity of work produced in a unit of time. Increased production rates do not necessarily mean increased productivity. Productivity measures can be partial (related to a single input like labor), multi-factor (related to multiple inputs), or total (related to all inputs). Examples are provided to calculate labor, material, equipment, and total productivity for a concrete pouring operation.

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MORSHED
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theory Of Production

 Construction Productivity:
 Meaning and Definition Of Productivity and Production Rate:
- Productivity is simply the relationship between the outputs generated from
a certain system and the inputs provided to create those outputs.
- Inputs in the general form of labor (human resources), capital (physical and
financial capital assets), energy, materials, and data that brought into a system.
- As shown in Figure (1), these resources are transformed into outputs (goods
and services)

Fig. (1): General Productivity Model.


 Productivity , therefore, is defined as:
“Productivity is the relationship of the amount of output produced, that are useable,
salable, and of acceptable quality, by a given system during period of time, and
the quantity of resources consumed to create or produce those outputs over the
same period of time.”

 Production Rate:
It is usually thought that the greater the productions rate the greater the
productivity. This is not necessarily true.

 Production rate could be defined as:


“ Production rate or output rate is the quantity of work produced in a unit of
time.”
For example, if a bricklayer produced 4 m2 of brickwork in an hour, then it is
said that his production rate (or output rate) is 4 m2/hour.
Example (1):
Suppose that a company manufacturing computers produced 1,000 computers by
employing 40 workers at 7 hours/day for one month. Assume this month has
a 25 working days. What are the production rate and productivity of labor?
Solution:
Production rate = 1,000 computer / month.
Labor productivity = 1,000 / (40 workers * 25 days * 7 hours /day)
= 1 computer / 7 man-hr.
Example (2):
Suppose the a company in example one increase its production to 1,500 computers
by employing 30 additional workers at 7 hours/day for one month. This month has
a 25 working days. What are the production rate and productivity of labor now?
Solution:
Production rate = 1,500 computer / month.
Labor productivity = 1,5000 / [(40 + 30) workers * 25 days * 7 hours /day)]
= 1 computer / 8.2 man-hr.

These two examples show that an increased production rate does not necessarily
mean increased productivity.
 Construction Productivity and Standard of Living:
- The greater the amount of goods and services an individual is able to buy, the
higher his or her standard of living will be.
- By increasing productivity people will earn more.
- By increasing national productivity in agriculture, industry, health and security
services and education, the goods and services produced will be more available
at a relatively cost.

Fig. ( 2): Effect of improving productivity Fig. (3): Consequence of declining productivity
Productivity Measures in Construction
 Types of Productivity Measures
There are three types of productivity measures:
(1) Partial Productivity:
“The ratio of the total output produced to the input of one element of production.”
Where, element of production is:
“ One type of resources used to accomplish total output.”
Therefore,
Labor Productivity = total output / labor input
= total output / labor cost

Material Productivity = total output / material input


= total output / material cost

Equipment Productivity = total output / equipment input


= total output / equipment cost
(2) Multi-Factor Productivity:
“The ratio of the total output produced to the input of more than elements of
production.”
Multi-Factor Productivity = total output / (labor input + material) inputs

(3) Total Productivity:


“The ratio of the total output produced to the total inputs used.”
Total Productivity = total output / (labor + material + equipment + etc.) inputs
= total output / (labor cost + material cost + equipment cost)
Example (3):
In an operation of placing ready mix concrete on a construction project, use the
following information to calculate the total productivity of this operation.
Transformation system:
• It is required to build a floor slab of 30m * 40m area and the thickness of slab 0.2m
at the sixth floor of residential building.
• Pouring ready mix concrete to the sixth floor by using pump.
• The working hours per day are 8 hours.
• Assuming the production rate of pouring ready mix concrete by pump is 30m3/hour.
• The cost of equipments per day including (oil, fuel, energy... etc).
Inputs:
1. Labors: The following labors required on one day for pouring the ready mix
concrete.
Solution:
Labor productivity:
(From Table1):
Total man power = 10 man/day
= 10 * 8 = 80 man-hour.
Total cost of labors = $145
Labor productivity = 240 m3/ 80 man-hour
= 1m3 / 0.333 man-hour.
Labor productivity = 240m3/ $ 145 = 1 m3/ $ 1.66
2. Material productivity:
(From Table 2):
Material productivity = 240 m3 / $19,760
= 1 m 3 / $ 82.33
3. Equipment productivity:
(From Table 3):
Equipment productivity = 240 m3 / (8 pump-hour + 8 vibrator-hour)
= 240 m3 / $ (1235 + 30)
= 240m3 / $1265
= 1m3 / $ 5.27

Total Productivity

= 240 m3 / (145 + 19760 + 1235 + 30)


= 240 / 21170
= 1 m3 / $ 88.21

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