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    Metabolic Pathways For Lipids and Amino Acids

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    La Ode Rinaldi
    This document discusses metabolic pathways for lipids and amino acids. It covers 3 topics: 1) digestion of triacylglycerols, 2) oxidation of fatty acids, and 3) ATP production from fatty acid oxidation. Key points include how lipids are broken down during digestion, the process of beta-oxidation where fatty acids are broken into acetyl-CoA units, and how this oxidation produces substantial amounts of ATP through the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

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    Metabolic Pathways For Lipids and Amino Acids

    Uploaded by

    La Ode Rinaldi
    207 views17 pages
    This document discusses metabolic pathways for lipids and amino acids. It covers 3 topics: 1) digestion of triacylglycerols, 2) oxidation of fatty acids, and 3) ATP production from fatty acid oxidation. Key points include how lipids are broken down during digestion, the process of beta-oxidation where fatty acids are broken into acetyl-CoA units, and how this oxidation produces substantial amounts of ATP through the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

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    Blok 4 Biokimia

    Original Title

    Metabolisme Lipid

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    This document discusses metabolic pathways for lipids and amino acids. It covers 3 topics: 1) digestion of triacylglycerols, 2) oxidation of fatty acids, and 3) ATP production from fatty acid oxidation. Key points include how lipids are broken down during digestion, the process of beta-oxidation where fatty acids are broken into acetyl-CoA units, and how this oxidation produces substantial amounts of ATP through the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    207 views17 pages

    Metabolic Pathways For Lipids and Amino Acids

    Uploaded by

    La Ode Rinaldi
    This document discusses metabolic pathways for lipids and amino acids. It covers 3 topics: 1) digestion of triacylglycerols, 2) oxidation of fatty acids, and 3) ATP production from fatty acid oxidation. Key points include how lipids are broken down during digestion, the process of beta-oxidation where fatty acids are broken into acetyl-CoA units, and how this oxidation produces substantial amounts of ATP through the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Metabolic Pathways for Lipids

    and Amino Acids

    1 Digestion of Triacylglycerols
    2 Oxidation of Fatty Acids
    3 ATP and Fatty Acid Oxidation

    1
    1. Digestion of Triacylglycerols
    In the digestion of fats (triacylglycerols):
     Bile salts break fat globules into micelles in

    the small intestine.


     Pancreatic lipases hydrolyze ester bonds to

    form monoacylglycerols and fatty acids,


    which recombine in the intestinal lining.
     Lipoproteins form and transport

    triacylglycerols to the cells of the heart,


    muscle, and adipose tissues.
    2
    Digestion of Triacylglycerols

    3
    Fat Mobilization
    Fat mobilization:
     Breaks down

    triacylglycerols in adipose
    tissue to fatty acids and
    glycerol.
     Fatty acids are hydrolyzed

    initially from C1 or C3 of
    the fat.
    Triacylglycerols + 3H2O
    Glycerol + 3Fatty acids

    4
    Fatty Acid Activation
    Fatty acid activation:
     Allows the fatty acids in the cytosol to enter the

    mitochondria for oxidation.


     Combines a fatty acid with CoA to yield fatty

    acyl CoA that combines with carnitine.

    5
    Fatty Acid Activation
     Fatty acyl-carnitine transports the fatty acid
    into the matrix.
     The fatty acid acyl group recombines with
    CoA for oxidation.

    6
    Fatty Acid Activation
     Fatty acid activation is complex, but it
    regulates the degradation and synthesis of
    fatty acids.

    7
    2. Beta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids
    In reaction 1, oxidation:  
     Removes H atoms from the

     and  carbons.
     Forms a trans C=C bond.

     Reduces FAD to FADH .


    2

    8
    Beta-Oxidation of Fatty Acids
    In reaction 2, hydration: 
     Adds water across the

    trans C=C bond.


     Forms a hydroxyl

    group (—OH) on the 


    carbon.

    9
    Beta ()-Oxidation of Fatty Acids
    In reaction 3, a 
    second oxidation:
     Oxidizes the hydroxyl
    group.
     Forms a keto group
    on the  carbon.

    10
    Beta ()-Oxidation of Fatty Acids
    In Reaction 4, acetyl
    CoA is cleaved:
     By splitting the bond
    between the  and 
    carbons.
     To form a shortened
    fatty acyl CoA that
    repeats steps 1 - 4 of
    -oxidation.

    11
    Beta ()-Oxidation of Myristic (C14)
    Acid

    12
    Beta ()-Oxidation of Myristic (C14)
    Acid (continued)

    6 cycles 7 Acetyl
    CoA

    13
    Cycles of -Oxidation
    The length of a fatty acid:
     Determines the number of oxidations and
     The total number of acetyl CoA groups.
    Carbons in Acetyl CoA -Oxidation Cycles
    Fatty Acid (C/2) (C/2 –1)
    12 6 5
    14 7 6
    16 8 7
    18 9 8

    14
    3. -Oxidation and ATP
    Activation of a fatty acid requires:
     2 ATP

    One cycle of oxidation of a fatty acid produces:


     1 NADH 3 ATP
     1 FADH 2 ATP
    2

    Acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle produces:


     1 Acetyl CoA 12 ATP

    15
    ATP for Lauric Acid C12
    ATP production for lauric acid (12 carbons):
    Activation of lauric acid -2 ATP
    6 Acetyl CoA
    6 acetyl CoA x 12 ATP/acetyl CoA 72 ATP
    5 Oxidation cycles
    5 NADH x 3ATP/NADH 15 ATP
    5 FADH2 x 2ATP/FADH2 10 ATP

    Total 95 ATP
    16
    17

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