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    Mohammad Hossein Manshaei 1393

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    Engr Abdirasak Abdalla Salat
    The document discusses Bluetooth and IEEE 802 standards for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It provides an overview of Bluetooth history and standards including IEEE 802.15.1, 802.15.3, and 802.15.4. It also discusses the related WiMax standard IEEE 802.16. Key aspects of Bluetooth like frequency bands, device addressing, piconets, and power classes are summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Mohammad Hossein Manshaei 1393

    Uploaded by

    Engr Abdirasak Abdalla Salat
    20 views27 pages
    The document discusses Bluetooth and IEEE 802 standards for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It provides an overview of Bluetooth history and standards including IEEE 802.15.1, 802.15.3, and 802.15.4. It also discusses the related WiMax standard IEEE 802.16. Key aspects of Bluetooth like frequency bands, device addressing, piconets, and power classes are summarized.

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    The document discusses Bluetooth and IEEE 802 standards for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It provides an overview of Bluetooth history and standards including IEEE 802.15.1, 802.15.3, and 802.15.4. It also discusses the related WiMax standard IEEE 802.16. Key aspects of Bluetooth like frequency bands, device addressing, piconets, and power classes are summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views27 pages

    Mohammad Hossein Manshaei 1393

    Uploaded by

    Engr Abdirasak Abdalla Salat
    The document discusses Bluetooth and IEEE 802 standards for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). It provides an overview of Bluetooth history and standards including IEEE 802.15.1, 802.15.3, and 802.15.4. It also discusses the related WiMax standard IEEE 802.16. Key aspects of Bluetooth like frequency bands, device addressing, piconets, and power classes are summarized.

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    Mohammad Hossein Manshaei

    manshaei@gmail.com
    1393

    1
    IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.16

    2
    • Bluetooth
    – History and Introduction
    – IEEE 802.15.1
    • Application, Frequency,Architecture, and Protocol Stack
    – IEEE 802.15.3
    – IEEE 802.15.4
    • IEEE 802.16: (Worldwide Interoperability for
    Microwave Access) WiMax

    3
    Harald Blaatand “Bluetooth” II
    King of Denmark 940-981
    Son of Gorm the Old (King of Denmark) and Thyra Danebod
    (daughter of King Ethelred of England)

    This is one of two Runic stones


    erected in his capitol city of Jelling
    (central Jutland)
    The stone’s inscription (“runes”) say:
     Harald controlled Denmark and
    Norway
     Harald thinks “notebooks” and
    “cellular phonesȿshould seamlessly
    communicate
     197 - Designed by Ericsson

     198.2- Established the Special interest group (form SIG 1)


    Ericsson, Nokia, IBM,Toshiba, Intel

     198.5- Bluetooth Consortium is established formally.

     199.7- Bluetooth v1.0beta Core Specification and Foundation Profile

     199.12- Lucent、3Com、Motorola、Microsoft (form SIG 2)

     2001.2 - Bluetooth v1.1

     202 –IEEE 802.15 WPAN


    IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth)

    IEEE 802.15.2 Coexistence

    IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher Rate

    IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low Rate


    6
    • Bluetooth
    – History and Introduction
    – IEEE 802.15.1
    • Application, Frequency,Architecture, and Protocol Stack
    – IEEE 802.15.3
    – IEEE 802.15.4
    • IEEE 802.16: (Worldwide Interoperability for
    Microwave Access) WiMax

    7
    History and Technology

    8
     Three major applications

    Landline

    Cable
    Replacement
    Data/Voice
    Access Points
    (Bridge to data
    Networks)
    most important in
    voice applications
    Personal Ad-hoc
    Networks
    • Low cost
    – Market consideration

    • Low power consumption


    – Portable device consideration
    – Short Range

    • Unlicensed Used
    – ISM band used

    • Robust operation
    – Fast frequency hopping
    – Short packet length

    • Multiple links
    • Mixed voice and data
    • 79 channels in 2.4GHz (in USA and most Europe)

    Guard band Guard band


    e 2.402-2.480 GHz Lic
    d 79 hopping channels e
    ban
    Licens nsed
    band d

    2.4 2.402 2.48 2.483


    GHz

    ISM unlicensed band


    • 2.4GHz ISM Frequency Range

    Country Frequency Range RF Channels


    Europe* & USA 2400 – 2483.5 MHz f=2402 + k MHz k=0,…,78
    Japan 2471 – 2497 MHz f=2473 + k MHz k=0,…,22
    Spain 2445 – 2475 MHz f=2449 + k MHz k=0,…,22
    France 2446.5 – 2483.5 MHz f=2454 + k MHz k=0,…,22

    1MHz

    . . .
    12 3 79
    83.5 MHz
    • 2.4 GHz ISM Unlicensed band
    • Microwave ovens also use this band
    • Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
    – Avoid interference
    – 23/79 channels
    – 1 MHz per channel
    – 1 Mbps link rate (GFSK modulation)
    – Fast frequency hopping and short data packets avoids interference
    • Nominally hops at 1600 times a second (vs. 2.5 hops/sec in IEEE
    802.11)
    • 625us per hop (366us for data only)
    • 3200 times a second during inquiry and paging modes
    • Multiple uncoordinated networks may exist and cause
    interference
    • Transmit power and range
    0 dbm (up to 20dbm with power control)
    10-100 m
    Power Max Output Min Output Power
    Control
    Class
    1 100mW 1mW --
    (20dBm) (0dB) ‐4db/9me
    Max twice
    2 2.5mW 0.25mW Op9onal
    (4dBm) (-‐6dBm)
    3 1mW N/A Op9onal
    (0dBm)
    Power 1mW (class 3)
    •3% power of cellular phone
    •10meters of transmission distance or 100m by PA
    Power 100mW(class 1)
    •100 meters of transmission distance
    78

    Frequency

    0
    Time
    • Radio Designation
    – Connected radios can be master
    or slave
    – Radios are symmetric (same radio
    can be master or slave) S

    • Piconet M
    P
    M

    – Master can connect to 7


    sb P
    simultaneous or 200+ active slaves
    per piconet
    S
    – Each piconet has maximum P
    sb
    S S
    capacity (1 Mbps)
    • Unique hopping pattern/ID
    • Scatternet
    – High capacity system
    • Minimal impact with up to 10
    piconets within range
    – Radios can share piconets!
    Piconet
    Slave
    Master

    Master

    Piconet
    Slave Slave

    Slave

    Slave

    Scatternet contains two piconets


    point-to-point multi-point
    (piconet) (piconet)

    scatternet
    Master host Slave host
    • Every Bluetooth device has unique 48-bit Bluetooth Device Address
    (BD_ADDR)
    • The BD_ADDR is used to control the system functions :
    – Hopping sequence
    – Channel access code
    – Encryption key
    • The BD_ADDR contains 3 parts:
    – 24-bit Lower Address Part (LAP)
    • Used to identify unique BT device (reduce overhead)
    – 8-bit Upper Address Part (UAP)
    • Used to determine the hopping sequence
    – 16-bit Non-significant Address Part (NAP)

    16 8 24 bits
    NAP UAP LAP
    BD_ADDR
    • AM_ADDR (Active Member Address)
    – Each slave is assigned a 3-bit address
    – 7 slaves in a piconet is available
    – 000 : for broadcasting packets (i.e., master address)
    • An exception is FHS (Frequency Hopping Synchronization) packet
    which may use Ⱦ000ȿ address but is not a broadcast message
    – Slaves that are disconnected or parked give up their AM_ADDRs

    • PM_ADDR (Parked Member Address)


    – Slaves that enter the park mode will obtain a 8-bit PM_ADDR
    – At most 256 slaves are in park mode in a piconet
    IDa
    IDd
    IDd
    IDa D IDa P
    A
    M
    IDe IDe
    E sb
    IDa
    IDb B
    IDb S IDa
    IDc C IDc S

    • All devices in a piconet hop together


    – In forming a piconet, master gives slaves its clock and device ID (BD_ADDR) via
    FHS packet
    IDa
    • Hopping pattern determined by device ID (48-bit)
    • Phase in hopping pattern determined by Clock
    • Non-piconet devices are in standby sb
    • Piconet Addressing
    – Active Member Address (AMA, 3-bits) M or S

    – Parked Member Address (PMA, 8-bits) P


    • Standby
    – Waiting to join a piconet
    • Inquire
    – Ask about radios to
    connect to
    • Page
    – Connect to a specific
    radio
    • Connected
    – Actively on a piconet
    (master or slave)
    • Park/Sniff/Hold
    – Low Power connected
    states
    1. Sniff:
    the device listens to the piconet at a
    reduced rate. The device keeps its AMA
    2. Hold:
    The device does not release its AMA but
    stops ACL transmission. A slave may still
    exchange SCO packets.
    3. Park:
    The device releases its AMA and receives
    a parked member address (PMA).
    23
    • Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO)
    – Circuit switched typically used for voice
    – Symmetric, synchronous service
    – Slot reservation at fixed intervals
    – Point-to-point

    • Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL)


    – Packet switched
    – Symmetric or asymmetric, asynchronous service
    – Polling mechanism between master and slave(s)
    – Point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
    SCO ACL ACL SCO ACL ACL SCO ACL

    Master

    Slave

    Slave

    Slave
    26
    Applications
    IP
    SDP RFCOMM
    Applications
    Data

    L2CAP Firmware
    Audio
    Link Manager
    Baseband Bluetooth chip
    RF

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