PDA College of Engineering: Induction Motor

PDA College of Engineering
Seminar
on
Induction Motor
•By –
•M-tech – 1ST year
•Jairam Chandra Dutt Mushini
•Power Electronics
Content
 Introduction
 Why induction motor (IM)?
 Classification of Motor
 Principle of operation
 Induction motor speed
 Induction Motors and Transformers
 Disadvantages
 References
Introduction
 Three-phase induction motors are the most common and

frequently encountered machines in industry
 simple design, rugged, low-price, easy maintenance
 wide range of power ratings: fractional horsepower to 10 MW
 run essentially as constant speed from no-load to full load
 Its speed depends on the frequency of the power source
 not easy to have variable speed control
 requires a variable-frequency power-electronic drive for optimal speed
control
••Why induction motor (IM)?
•–Robust; No brushes. No contacts on rotor shaft
•–High Power/Weight ratio compared to Dc motor
•–Lower Cost/Power
•–Easy to manufacture
•–Almost maintenance-free, except for bearing and
other mechanical parts
Classification of Motor
Rotating Magnetic Field
 Balanced three phase windings, i.e.
mechanically displaced 120 degrees form
each other, fed by balanced three phase
source
 A rotating magnetic field with constant
magnitude is produced, rotating with a speed
Where fe is the supply frequency and

P is the no. of poles and nsync is called the
synchronous speed in rpm (revolutions per
minute)
120 f e
nsync  rpm
P
Principle of operation
 This rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor windings and produces an
induced voltage in the rotor windings
 Due to the fact that the rotor windings are short circuited, for both
squirrel cage and wound-rotor, and induced current flows in the rotor
windings
 The rotor current produces another magnetic field
 A torque is produced as a result of the interaction of those two
magnetic fields
 ind  kBR  Bs
Where ind is the induced torque and BR and BS are the magnetic flux
densities of the rotor and the stator respectively
Induction motor speed
 At what speed will the IM run?
 Can the IM run at the synchronous speed, why?
 If rotor runs at the synchronous speed, which is the same speed
of the rotating magnetic field, then the rotor will appear
stationary to the rotating magnetic field and the rotating
magnetic field will not cut the rotor. So, no induced current
will flow in the rotor and no rotor magnetic flux will be
produced so no torque is generated and the rotor speed will fall
below the synchronous speed
 When the speed falls, the rotating magnetic field will cut the
rotor windings and a torque is produced
Induction motor speed
 So, the IM will always run at a speed lower than the
synchronous speed
 The difference between the motor speed and the
synchronous speed is called the Slip
nslip  nsync  nm
Where nslip= slip speed
nsync= speed of the magnetic field
nm = mechanical shaft speed of the motor
The Slip
nsync  nm
s
nsync
Where s is the slip
Notice that : if the rotor runs at synchronous speed
s=0
if the rotor is stationary
s=1
Slip may be expressed as a percentage by multiplying the above
eq. by 100, notice that the slip is a ratio and doesn’t have units
Induction Motors and Transformers
 Both IM and transformer works on the principle of induced
voltage
 Transformer: voltage applied to the primary windings produce
an induced voltage in the secondary windings
 Induction motor: voltage applied to the stator windings produce
an induced voltage in the rotor windings
 The difference is that, in the case of the induction motor, the
secondary windings can move
 Due to the rotation of the rotor (the secondary winding of the
IM), the induced voltage in it does not have the same frequency
of the stator (the primary) voltage
Advantages
• Due to its robust and sturdy shape, it can be operated for a
great range of industrial conditions.
• It comes with the simple construction and doesn’t have
accessories such as slip rings, commutators or brushes.
• The cost of the induction motor is much cheaper as compared
to the other types of motors.
• Induction motors demand very little maintenance.
• There is no requirement of the complex circuit for starting
the motor.
Disadvantages
 –Essentially a “fixed-speed” machine
 –Speed is determined by the supply frequency
 –To vary its speed need a variable frequency supply
Thank You

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 Three-phase induction motors are the most common and

Where fe is the supply frequency and

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