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    Hypothesis Testing: Ervin C. Reyes

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    Reyes C. Ervin
    Hypothesis testing is used to validate or invalidate a null hypothesis by testing statistical data. It involves verifying claims about population parameters or distributions. The level of significance refers to the probability of making a Type 1 error when deciding whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Key steps in hypothesis testing include stating the null and alternative hypotheses, setting the significance level, computing test statistics, determining critical values, comparing values, and making a decision. Common hypothesis tests include z-tests, t-tests, and F-tests. An example is provided to test the null hypothesis that the mean weight before and after a diet program is the same using a paired t-test.

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    Hypothesis Testing: Ervin C. Reyes

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    Reyes C. Ervin
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    Hypothesis testing is used to validate or invalidate a null hypothesis by testing statistical data. It involves verifying claims about population parameters or distributions. The level of significance refers to the probability of making a Type 1 error when deciding whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Key steps in hypothesis testing include stating the null and alternative hypotheses, setting the significance level, computing test statistics, determining critical values, comparing values, and making a decision. Common hypothesis tests include z-tests, t-tests, and F-tests. An example is provided to test the null hypothesis that the mean weight before and after a diet program is the same using a paired t-test.

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    Hypothesis Testing

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    Hypothesis testing is used to validate or invalidate a null hypothesis by testing statistical data. It involves verifying claims about population parameters or distributions. The level of significance refers to the probability of making a Type 1 error when deciding whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Key steps in hypothesis testing include stating the null and alternative hypotheses, setting the significance level, computing test statistics, determining critical values, comparing values, and making a decision. Common hypothesis tests include z-tests, t-tests, and F-tests. An example is provided to test the null hypothesis that the mean weight before and after a diet program is the same using a paired t-test.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    119 views15 pages

    Hypothesis Testing: Ervin C. Reyes

    Uploaded by

    Reyes C. Ervin
    Hypothesis testing is used to validate or invalidate a null hypothesis by testing statistical data. It involves verifying claims about population parameters or distributions. The level of significance refers to the probability of making a Type 1 error when deciding whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. Key steps in hypothesis testing include stating the null and alternative hypotheses, setting the significance level, computing test statistics, determining critical values, comparing values, and making a decision. Common hypothesis tests include z-tests, t-tests, and F-tests. An example is provided to test the null hypothesis that the mean weight before and after a diet program is the same using a paired t-test.

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    HYPOTHESIS

    TESTING
    ERVIN C. REYES
    HYPOTHESIS TESTING

    Hypothesis Testing is a procedure


    which is used to substantiate or
    invalidate the null hypothesis It deals
    with verifying a claim or conjecture
    about a parameter or distribution of
    the population.
    LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANT
    OF A TEST
    It is the probability of committing
    the type 1 error in deciding whether
    you are going to accept or reject the
    null hypothesis. It is also known as
    the alpha level of a statistical test.
    STEPS IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING

    1. State the null hypothesis.


    2. State the corresponding alternative hypothesis.
    3. Set the level of significance.
    4. Compute for the value of statistics.
    5. Determine the critical value.
    6. Compare the computed and the critical value.
    Decision Rule: If the absolute computed
    value is equal to or greater than the
    absolute critical value, REJECT the null
    hypothesis. Otherwise accept it.

    7. State the implication of your decision


    TEST OF SIGNIFICANT
    DIFFERENCE
    1. Z – test is used to find out if there is a
    significant difference between: (n ≥ 30)
    2. T – test is used to find out if there is a
    significant difference between:(n < 30)
    3. F –test is used to find out if there is a
    significant difference among three or more
    groups. ANOVA
    TEST OF SIGNIFICANT
    RELATIONSHIP
    1. Chi – square – used in testing the significance of the
    relationship between two nominal variables.
    2. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation – used in
    testing significance of the relationship between two
    ordinal variables.
    3. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation – used in
    testing the significance of the relationship between two
    variables in the interval/ratio scales.
    EXAMPLE
    Ho: The mean weight before of overweight individuals is the
    same as the mean weight after attending the diet program. Weight Weight
    before after
    (kg) (kg)
    Ha: The mean weight before of overweight individuals is
    higher than the mean weight after attending the diet
    program. 1 100 93
    Test Procedure: t-test for related samples
    2 89 85
    Decision Rule:
    3 83 74
    Reject Ho when p-value ≤ α
    4 98 94
    5 108 105
    By: C. Vista 6 95 88
    THREE MAIN TYPES OF T-TEST:

    • An Independent Samples t-test compares the


    means for two groups.
    • A Paired sample t-test compares means from the
    same group at different times (say, one year apart).
    • A One sample t-test tests the mean of a single
    group against a known mean.
    1. Choose Stat>Basic Statistics>Paired t...
    2. Click in the First Sample text box and specify before.
    3. Click in the Second Sample text box and specify After.
    4. Click in the Options button.
    5. Make sure the Test Mean text box says 0.
    6. Click the arrow button at the right of the Alternative drop-
    down list box and select not equal.
    7. Click OK.
    8. Click OK
    N Mean StDev SE Mean
    Before 6 95.5000 8.7350 3.5660
    After 6 89.8333 10.3425 4.2223
    Difference 6 5.66667 2.33809 0.95452

    95% CI for mean difference: (3.21299,


    8.12034)
    T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs not = 0):
    T-Value = 5.94 P-Value = 0.002
    “I couldn't claim that I was
    smarter than sixty-five other
    guys--but the average of sixty-
    five other guys, certainly!”
    ― Richard P. Feynman,
    THANK YOU!!!

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