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    The document defines and describes different types of random sampling methods: - Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting samples from a population without bias. It allows for statistical analysis but requires a complete population list. - Stratified sampling divides a population by variables that may impact results and randomly selects samples in proportions that match the population. It aims to improve representativeness. - Cluster sampling groups the population into clusters then randomly selects clusters and often all elements within, aiming to lower costs compared to other methods but with less precision. It is used when a full population list is impossible or when clusters are naturally concentrated.

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    The document defines and describes different types of random sampling methods: - Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting samples from a population without bias. It allows for statistical analysis but requires a complete population list. - Stratified sampling divides a population by variables that may impact results and randomly selects samples in proportions that match the population. It aims to improve representativeness. - Cluster sampling groups the population into clusters then randomly selects clusters and often all elements within, aiming to lower costs compared to other methods but with less precision. It is used when a full population list is impossible or when clusters are naturally concentrated.

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    Random Sampling

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    The document defines and describes different types of random sampling methods: - Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting samples from a population without bias. It allows for statistical analysis but requires a complete population list. - Stratified sampling divides a population by variables that may impact results and randomly selects samples in proportions that match the population. It aims to improve representativeness. - Cluster sampling groups the population into clusters then randomly selects clusters and often all elements within, aiming to lower costs compared to other methods but with less precision. It is used when a full population list is impossible or when clusters are naturally concentrated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views18 pages

    Prost at

    Uploaded by

    Jesson Joseph Pagaddu
    The document defines and describes different types of random sampling methods: - Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting samples from a population without bias. It allows for statistical analysis but requires a complete population list. - Stratified sampling divides a population by variables that may impact results and randomly selects samples in proportions that match the population. It aims to improve representativeness. - Cluster sampling groups the population into clusters then randomly selects clusters and often all elements within, aiming to lower costs compared to other methods but with less precision. It is used when a full population list is impossible or when clusters are naturally concentrated.

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    RANDOM SAMPLING

     The total set of observations that can be made is


    called the population.
     A sample is a set of observations drawn from a
    population.
     A sampling method is a procedure for selecting
    sample elements from a population.
     A random sampling is a sampling method totally
    by chance, with no predictable relationship to any
    other number.

    RANDOM SAMPLING
    DEFINITIONS
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    TYPES OF RANDOM

    SAMPLING

    Simple Random Sampling


    Stratified Sampling
    Cluster Sampling
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Simple Random

    An important benefit of simple random


    sampling is that it allows researchers to use
    statistical methods to analyze sample results.
    For example, given a simple random sample,
    researchers can use statistical methods to define
    a confidence interval around a sample mean.
    Statistical analysis is not appropriate when non-
    random sampling methods are used.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Simple Random

    Ex. Lottery Method

    Each of the N population members is assigned


    a unique number. The numbers are placed in a
    bowl and thoroughly mixed. Then, a blind-
    folded researcher selects n numbers. Population
    members having the selected numbers are
    included in the sample.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Simple Random
    Advantages Disadvantages
    a. The ease of assembling the a. One of the most obvious
    sample limitations of simple random
    b. The only thing that can sampling method is its need of a
    compromise its complete list of all the members
    representativeness is luck. If the of the population.
    sample is not representative of b. Please keep in mind that the
    the population, the random list of the population must be
    variation is called sampling error. complete and up-to-date. This list
    c. An unbiased random selection is usually not available for large
    and a representative sample is populations. In cases as such, it is
    important in drawing conclusions wiser to use other sampling
    from the results of a study. techniques.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Stratified Sampling

    The researcher identifies the different types of


    people that make up the target population and
    works out the proportions needed for the
    sample to be representative.

    A list is made of each variable (e.g. IQ, sex


    etc.) which might have an effect on the
    research.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Stratified Sampling

    Example: If we are interested in the money


    spent on books by undergraduates, then the
    main subject studied may be an important
    variable.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Stratified Sampling

    Students studying English Literature may spend more money


    on books than engineering students so if we use a very large
    percentage of English students or engineering students then
    our results will not be accurate. We have to work out the
    relative percentage of each group at a university e.g.
    Engineering 10%, Social Sciences 15%, English 20%,
    Sciences 25%, Languages 10%, Law 5%, Medicine 15% The
    sample must then contain all these groups in the same
    proportion as in the target population (university students).
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    Stratified Sampling

    Gathering such a sample would be extremely


    time consuming and difficult to do
    (disadvantage). This method is rarely used in
    Psychology. However, the advantage is that the
    sample should be highly representative of the
    target population and therefore we can
    generalize from the results obtained.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    cluster Sampling

    It refers to a sampling method that has the following


    properties.
    a. The population is divided into N groups, called
    clusters.
    b. The researcher randomly selects n clusters to include
    in the sample.
    c. The number of observations within each cluster Mi is
    known, and M = M1 + M2 + M3 + ... + MN-1 + MN.
    d. Each element of the population can be assigned to one,
    and only one, cluster.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    cluster Sampling

    ONE-STAGE SAMPLING TWO-STAGE SAMPLING

    All of the elements within A subset of elements


    selected clusters are within selected clusters
    included in the sample. are randomly selected for
    inclusion in the sample.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    cluster Sampling
    Advantages and Disadvantages
    Less precision than either simple random sampling or
    stratified sampling. This is the main disadvantage of cluster
    sampling.
    Given this disadvantage, it is natural to ask: Why use cluster
    sampling? Sometimes, the cost per sample point is less for
    cluster sampling than for other sampling methods. Given a
    fixed budget, the researcher may be able to use a bigger
    sample with cluster sampling than with the other methods.
    When the increased sample size is sufficient to offset the loss
    in precision, cluster sampling may be the best choice.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    cluster Sampling
    When to Use Cluster Sampling

    Cluster sampling should be used only when it is economically


    justified - when reduced costs can be used to overcome losses
    in precision. This is most likely to occur in the following
    situations.
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    cluster Sampling
    When to Use Cluster Sampling

    Constructing a complete list of population elements is


    difficult, costly, or impossible. For example, it may not be
    possible to list all of the customers of a chain of hardware
    stores. However, it would be possible to randomly select a
    subset of stores (stage 1 of cluster sampling) and then
    interview a random sample of customers who visit those
    stores (stage 2 of cluster sampling).
    RANDOM SAMPLING
    cluster Sampling
    When to Use Cluster Sampling
    The population is concentrated in "natural" clusters (city
    blocks, schools, hospitals, etc.). For example, to conduct
    personal interviews of operating room nurses, it might make
    sense to randomly select a sample of hospitals (stage 1 of
    cluster sampling) and then interview all of the operating
    room nurses at that hospital. Using cluster sampling, the
    interviewer could conduct many interviews in a single day at
    a single hospital. Simple random sampling, in contrast, might
    require the interviewer to spend all day traveling to conduct a
    single interview at a single hospital.
    KEEP IN MIND

    Choose the most cost-effective


    approach; that is, choose the
    sampling method that delivers the
    greatest precision for the least
    cost.
     http://www.simplypsychology.org/sampling.html

     https://explorable.com/simple-random-sampling

     http://stattrek.com/sampling/simple-random-
    sampling.aspx

     http://stattrek.com/survey-research/cluster-
    sampling.aspx?Tutorial=Stat

    RANDOM SAMPLING
    reference

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