AN OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED WATER

RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN DVC

PREPARED BY
DIPANKAR CHAUDHURI
SE(CIVIL), DVC

GUIDED BY
S. B. PANDEY
DCE(CIVIL), DVC
 HISTORY OF DAMODAR RIVER VALLEY
• THE RECORDS OF THE BENGAL GOVERNMENT FOR THE PERIOD 1852-1923
SHOW THAT THE RIVER BREACHED ITS BANKS FREQUENTLY. THE GOVERNMENT
WAS FORCED TIME AND AGAIN TO TAKE UP DIFFERENT PLANS FOR FLOOD
CONTROL WORKS. NOTABLY LARGE FLOODS CAUSED WIDE SPREAD DAMAGE IN
THE YEARS 1823, 1840, 1877, 1913, 1935, 1939, 1941, AND 1943.
• FLOOD CONTROL BY MEANS OF RESERVOIRS WAS CONSIDERED AS EARLY AS
1863. BRITISH ENGINEERS WISHING TO LOCATE DAM SITES SURVEYED ONE
RESERVOIR SITE IN JANUARY 1864.
• IN 1902 A RESERVOIR SITE WAS PROPOSED AT BARAKAR ABOVE THE
CONFLUENCE OF THE BARAKAR AND USRI RIVERS. AFTER THE SEVERE FLOOD
OF 1913, A LARGE RESERVOIR WAS PROPOSED ONCE MORE FOR THAT SITE.
• IN 1919, THE IDEA OF USING MULTIPLE RESERVOIRS WAS CONCEIVED. THE IDEA
WAS TO USE THREE DAMS – ONE ON DAMODAR RIVER, ONE ON THE BARAKAR
RIVER AND ONE ON THE USRI RIVER.
• CONSTRUCTION OF DAMODAR CANAL (ANDERSON) BEGAN IN 1926 AND
COMPLETED IN 1933.
• THE GOVERNOR OF BENGAL SET UP THE DAMODAR FLOOD ENQUIRY
COMMITTEE IN 1943 & ITS REPORT (AUG 1944) SUGGESTS THE CREATION OF AN
AUTHORITY SIMILAR TO THAT OF TVA.
• DVC WAS FORMED IN THE YEAR 1948 BY THE ACT OF CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
 FUNCTIONS OF THE CORPORATION
• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR IRRIGATION, WATER SUPPLY
AND DRAINAGE

• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR THE GENERATION,

TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC ENERGY, BOTH HYDRO-ELECTRICAL
AND THERMAL

• THE PROMOTION AND OPERATION OF SCHEMES FOR FLOOD CONTROL IN THE

DAMODAR RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES AND THE CHANNELS, IF ANY, EXCAVATED BY
THE CORPORATION IN CONNECTION WITH THE SCHEME AND FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF FLOW CONDITIONS IN THE HOOGHLY RIVER,

• THE PROMOTION AND CONTROL OF NAVIGATION IN THE DAMODAR RIVER AND ITS
TRIBUTARIES AND CHANNELS, IF ANY

• THE PROMOTION OF AFFORESTATION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION IN THE

DAMODAR VALLEY, AND

• THE PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL,

ECONOMIC AND GENERAL WELL-BEING IN THE DAMODAR VALLEY AND ITS AREA OF
OPERATION.
 CORPORATE OBJECTIVES
• GENERATE MORE POWER AT LOWEST POSSIBLE COST

• TRANSMIT, DISTRIBUTE AND SUPPLY RELIABLE AND QUALITY POWER

• ADOPTION OF EFFICIENT INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL AND HUMAN

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

• OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES AND

HARNESSING THE REMAINING POTENTIAL OF THE BASIN TO THE EXTENT
POSSIBLE

• TO FORTIFY MEASURES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT PLANT

LEVELS AND TO CONTINUE WITH THE EFFECTIVE ECO-CONSERVATION
ACTIVITIES IN THE VALLEY AREA.

• STRENGTHENING OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR THE

INHABITANTS OF NEIGHBORING VILLAGES OF THE MAJOR PROJECTS
THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA) - A PARTIAL
MODEL FOR THE DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION (DVC)
BRIEF COMPARISON
UNIT TENNESSEE DAMODAR
CATCH AREA Sq. Mile 40,200 8,500
RIVER LENGTH Miles 652 336
FOREST COVER Acres 13,000,000 6,000,000
(1930) (1948)
MEAN YEARLY R/F Inches 51 45
MEAN YLY RUNOFF % of rainfall 42 35
DAM (MAJOR) Nos. 39 5

POPULATION Nos. 2,800,000 (1930) 10,720,485 (1971)

14,076,399 (1991)
DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR REGULATION COMMITTEE (DVRRC)

COMMITTEE IS FRAMED COMPRISING OF THE MEMBERS OF THE STAKE HOLDER STATES

I.E. JHARKHAND AND WEST BENGAL, AS WELL AS MEMBERS OF DVC AND CENTRAL
WATER COMMISSION - A PIVOT BODY OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

ROLE OF COMMITTEE IS FRAMING OF POLICY (OPERATION MANUAL) AND TO REGULATE

THE OPERATION OF ALL THE RESERVOIRS INCLUDING ALLOCATION OF WATER TO
DIFFERENT AGENCIES FOR DIFFERENT USES.
 MAJOR ACTIVITIES TAKEN UP BY DVC
• INSTALLATION OF 39 AUTOMATIC RAIN GAUGE STATIONS
• MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING OPERATIONAL GUIDE CURVES
• RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
• FLOOD FORECAST MANAGEMENT
• HYDRAULIC DATA MANAGEMENT
• CREATION OF STORAGE
• DE-SILTATION WORK
• PISCICULTURE
• MASTER PLAN
• DRIP
• ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
• SOIL CONSERVATION
• DAM BREAK ANALYSIS
• EAP (EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN) & DMP (DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN)
• REHABILATION AND RE-SETTLEMENT (R & R)
• SEDIMENTATION SURVEY OF RESERVOIRS
• SOCIAL INTEGRATION PROGRAMME
 MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY
SUPPLYING WATER TO ABOUT 170 MUNICIPAL & INDUSTRIAL AGENCIES FROM
MACKLUKXIGUANGE NEAR DALTANGUANGE IN JHARKHAND TO PANAGARH IN
WB.

MAIN INDUSTRIAL CONSUMERS

• COAL INDIA
• STEEL PLANTS
• THERMAL PLANTS
• RAILWAYS
• CEMENT FACTORIES
• HFCL, DPL, STPS ETC.

MAIN DOMESTIC CONSUMERS

• JHARIA WATER BOARD
• DHANBAD WATER WORKS
•ASANSOL RANIGUNGE & DURGAPUR MUNICIPALITIES
•PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS (JHARKHAND & W. BENGAL) ETC.
MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER WITHDRAWAL
Withdrawal in MCM/Day

0.68 0.73 0.79 0.79 0.85 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.01

2002 2003
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
West Bengal M & I Drawal 2010
2011
2012

0.30 0.31 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.61 0.63
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2009
2010
2011
Jharkhand M & I drawal 2012
 IRRIGATION AREA
WEST BENGAL
Kharif Irrigation potential: 9,73,000 acre (3,93,763 hectare)
Rabi irrigation potential : 55,000 acre (22,258 hectare)

JHARKHAND
Kharif Rabi Total
Hectare Hectare Hectare
Check dams (16,882) 64,748 64,748
Small Reservoirs
Jamunia 1458 1,458
Charwa 405 405
Gonda 931 931
Proposed
Konar Reservoir 47,849 14,074 61,923
Balpahari Reservoir 40,468 40,468
1,69,933
 KHARIF IRRIGATION IN WEST BENGAL RABI IRRIGATION IN WEST BENGAL

400,000 22,400

390,000 22,200

380,000 22,000

370,000 21,800
irrigable area in
360,000 21,600 Hectare
Irrigable area in
350,000 21,400
Hectare
340,000 21,200

330,000 21,000

320,000 20,800

310,000 20,600

300,000 20,400
Target Achieved Target Achieved
 PERFORMANCE OF KHARIF IRRIGATION SUPPLY
1800

1600

1400
Volume of water in MCM

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

Drawal for Kharif

Indent for Kharif

Allocation for Kharif

 PERFORMANCE OF COMBINED RABI & BORO IRRIGATION
700

600

500
Volume of water in MCM

400

300

200

100

Indent: Rabi + Boro

Drawal: Rabi + Boro
Allocated: Rabi + Boro
Allocated: Rabi
 FLOOD MODERATION AT DOWN STREAM OF MAITHON & PANCHET DAMS
25000

20000
Discharge in Cumec

15000

10000

5000

0
Sep, Oct, Oct, Oct, Oct, Jul, Oct, Sep, Aug, Sep, Jun, Jun, Aug, Sep, Sep, Sep, Sep, Sep, Sep, Aug, Oct,
1958 1959 1961 1963 1963 1971 1973 1978 1980 1980 1984 1984 1987 1987 1995 2000 2006 2007 2009 2011 2013

M & P Combined Peak Inflow M & P Combined Peak Outflow Down stream Channel Capacity
 A VIEW OF DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR STORAGE
AND FLOOD MODERATION
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----
Flood Live Total Flood Moderation Capacity
Storage Storage Storage Combined Peak Moderated
Inflow Outflow
(MCM) (Cumec)

----------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Original Plan 3579 2838 7009 28321 7085

1st Stage of 1851 1318 3812 18420 7085

DVC Dams

Achieved 1116 1318 3077 17003 7085

in 1ST stage

Current 971 926 2206 14169 3684

position

Loss in % 13 30 28 NA NA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
STORAGE IN MCM

Maithon Panchet
Original Survey 1955
607 Original survey 1956
Secondary survey 2002 Secondary survey 2011
500
441
434
382
334
206
93 236 252
169
106

Dead
Live
Flood Dead Live Flood

Tilaiya Konar
Original survey 1955
Original survey 1953
Secondary survey 1987 Secondary survey1987

238
178 165 221
141 175
141
75
60 35 56 38

Dead Live Flood Dead Live Flood

 LOSS OF CAPACITY IN %
Maithon Panchet Tilaiya Konar
Dead 54.85 55.08 46.81 41.67
Live 27.35 32.94 40.76 20.81
Flood 12.57 13.20 7.30 32.14
Gross 27.36 28.24 31.60 26.41

7009

DVC SYSTEM STORAGE

Storage in MCM
3579
3077 Gross
2838
2206 Live
Flood
1318 1116 926 971

Original Plan 1st Phase utilisable Current

STATE WISE FOOD GRAIN DEMAND IN DAMODAR BASIN
Food grain in Metric Tonne

7.42

Jharkhand

West Bengal

3.7 3.6

2.056
1.79 1.72

2011 2025 2050

 POPULATION GROWTH IN DAMODAR VALLEY

38804280

Population
26406060

14076399
10720485
11234481

1971
1981
1991
2025
2050
 TILAIYA DAM KONAR FLOOD RELEASE

TOURISM AT MAITHON DAM DURGAPUR BARRAGE

HEAD REGULATOR AT DURGAPUR BARRAGE NAVIGATION HEAD REGULATOR

LEFT BANK MAIN CANAL IRRIGATION

MAJOR ISSUES FACED BY DVC
• LAND ACQUISITION
• REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT
• FLOOD OPERATION
• LOWER DAMODAR CHANNEL CAPACITIES
• OPERATION OF THE TENUGHAT RESERVOIR
• ACTIVITIES WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF DVC
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• CAPITAL SHARING
• FUND
• ILLITERACY
• POLITICAL WILL
• EMPLOYMENT
• EXTRACTION OF FULL BENEFITS (TPD ETC)
• EROSION & SEDIMENTATION
• SHARING OF WATER
• TECHNOLOGY
• LACK OF PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF STAKE HOLDERS
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ISSUES
• FLOOD CUSHION OF TILAIYA AND KONAR RESERVOIR MAY BE USED AS A COMBINED STORAGE
FOR FLOOD AND CONSERVATION STORAGE

• IF EXTRA WATER IS MADE AVAILABLE, IRRIGATION FACILITIES MAY BE EXTENDED TO

JHARKHAND STATE THROUGH KONAR AND TILAIYA RESERVOIRS

• IN CASE OF MAITHON AND PANCHET, EXISTING OPERATIONAL CONSERVATION LEVEL MAY BE

INCREASED BY 1.52 MT. IN EACH RESERVOIR

• ALL M&I WATER ALLOCATIONS MAY BE REVIEWED TO LOCATE SURPLUS IN THE ALLOCATED
QUANTITIES

• TO COMBAT THE FLOOD AT THE LOWER VALLEY, DOWN-STREAM FLOOD CARRYING CAPACITIES
MAY BE REVIEWED AND MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF CARRYING CAPACITY MAY BE
TAKEN

• ADEQUATE AFFORESTATION AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES ARE ALSO REQUIRED TO BE

TAKEN UP AT THE UPPER VALLEY TO REDUCE THE EROSION RATES

• TO TAKE UP RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND GROUND WATER RECHARGING PROJECTS

• RENOVATION OF OLD IRRIGATION & WATER SUPPLY CANAL SYSTEM AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
MODERN IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMUM USE OF THE RESOURCE
STRATEGIES TO COMBAT ISSUES

• CONJUNCTIVE USE OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER

• INSTILLING DISCIPLINE IN EQUATABLE DISTRIBUTION THROUGH WATER USERS

ASSOCIATION’S PARTICIPATION

• IMPLEMENTATION OF MORE SCIENTIFIC CROPPING PATTERN

• OPERATION OF CANALS AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ON DEMAND BASED RATHER

THAN SUPPLY BASED

• VOLUMETRIC BASED MEASUREMENT OF WATER AT USER END

• REVISION OF WATER TARIFF

• TAPPING OF UNHARNESSED HYDRO-POWER POTENTIAL OF NEARLY 3500 MW

 CONCLUSION

WELL STRUCTURED LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS VIZ. DVC ACT 1948,
INTER STATE AGREEMENT 1978 AND DVRRC BROADLY COVER ALMOST ALL THE
ASPECTS MENTIONED IN DRAFT CWC GUIDE LINES ON IMPLEMENTATION OF
IWRM. HOWEVER PRO-ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE STAKE HOLDERS IN
MANAGING THE WATER RESOURCES OF THE VALLEY IN EFFICIENT, SPEEDY AND
TANGIBLE MANNER IS NEED OF THE HOUR.

SINCE DVC PROJECTS ARE NEARLY 55 YEAR’S OLD, DEDICATED AND SINCERE
EFFORTS OF ALL CONCERNED IS HIGHLY REQUIRED TO REJUVENATE THE EXISTING
INFRA-STRUCTURE AND TO CREATE ADDITIONAL FACILITIES FOR ACHIEVING THE
ORIGINAL PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT.
THANKS