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    Zero Sequence Impedance

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    Bharat
    1. In symmetrical component analysis, there are three types of impedances - positive, negative, and zero sequence. In transformers, positive and negative sequence impedances are equal, while zero sequence impedance depends on flux paths through the core. 2. Transformer reactance is often specified as a percentage of the transformer power base. Calculations are done for one phase since conditions are identical across phases. 3. When faults occur, the system becomes unbalanced. Faults are analyzed using symmetrical components where three sets of balanced vectors represent the system - negative, positive, and zero sequence.

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    Zero Sequence Impedance

    Uploaded by

    Bharat
    364 views11 pages
    1. In symmetrical component analysis, there are three types of impedances - positive, negative, and zero sequence. In transformers, positive and negative sequence impedances are equal, while zero sequence impedance depends on flux paths through the core. 2. Transformer reactance is often specified as a percentage of the transformer power base. Calculations are done for one phase since conditions are identical across phases. 3. When faults occur, the system becomes unbalanced. Faults are analyzed using symmetrical components where three sets of balanced vectors represent the system - negative, positive, and zero sequence.

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    An M.Tech Thesis part presentation regarding Zero Sequence Impedance in Power System.

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    1. In symmetrical component analysis, there are three types of impedances - positive, negative, and zero sequence. In transformers, positive and negative sequence impedances are equal, while zero sequence impedance depends on flux paths through the core. 2. Transformer reactance is often specified as a percentage of the transformer power base. Calculations are done for one phase since conditions are identical across phases. 3. When faults occur, the system becomes unbalanced. Faults are analyzed using symmetrical components where three sets of balanced vectors represent the system - negative, positive, and zero sequence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    364 views11 pages

    Zero Sequence Impedance

    Uploaded by

    Bharat
    1. In symmetrical component analysis, there are three types of impedances - positive, negative, and zero sequence. In transformers, positive and negative sequence impedances are equal, while zero sequence impedance depends on flux paths through the core. 2. Transformer reactance is often specified as a percentage of the transformer power base. Calculations are done for one phase since conditions are identical across phases. 3. When faults occur, the system becomes unbalanced. Faults are analyzed using symmetrical components where three sets of balanced vectors represent the system - negative, positive, and zero sequence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    POWER SYSTEM

     INTRODUCTION
     SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT
    ANALYSIS
     SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE
     ZERO SEQUENCE REACTANCE
     PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
     In symmetrical components, there are three types of
    impedances - positive sequence (balanced), negative
    sequence (unbalanced), and zero sequence (ground).
    In a transformer, positive and negative are equal. Zero
    sequence impedance is determined by the (same
    factors as the) positive sequence and is based on the
    flux paths available through the transformer core that
    can induce ground current.

     Transformer reactance is often specified as a


    percentage, say 10%. This is a per unit value (divide
    by 100) on the power base of the transformer.
     The calculation is made for one phase only as the
    current and voltage conditions are same in all three
    phases.
     When actual faults occur in electrical power system,
    the system becomes unbalanced means, the conditions
    of voltages and currents in all phases are no longer
    symmetrical. Such faults are solved by symmetrical
    component analysis.
     Generally three phase vector diagram may be replaced
    by three sets of balanced vectors. One has opposite or
    negative phase rotation, second has positive phase
    rotation and last one is co-phasal.
     That means these vectors sets are described as
    negative, positive and zero sequence, respectively.
    The equation between phase and sequence
    quantities are,

    Er = Er0 + Er1 + Er2

    Ey = Ey0 + Ey1 + Ey2 = Er0 + r2Er1 + rEr2

    Eb = Eb0 + Eb1 + Eb2 = Er0 + rEr1 + r2Er2


     Positive sequence impedance
    The impedance offered by the system to the flow of
    positive sequence current is called positive sequence
    impedance .

     Negative sequence impedance


    The impedance offered by the system to the flow of
    negative sequence current is called negative sequence
    impedance .

     Zero sequence impedance


    The impedance offered by the system to the flow of
    zero sequence current is known as zero sequence
    impedance .
    The sequence impedance varies with the type of
    .
    power system components under consideration:-

    1.In static and balanced power system component


    like transformer and lines, the sequence
    impedance offered by the system are same for
    positive and negative sequence currents.

    2.But in case of rotating machines the positive


    and negative sequence impedance are
    different.
    The assignment of zero sequence impedance values is a more
    complex one. This is because the three zero sequence
    current at any point in a electrical power system, being in
    phase, do not sum to zero but must return through the
    neutral and /or earth..
     All the flux in transformer will not be able to link
    with both the primary and secondary windings.
     A small portion of flux will link either winding but
    not both. This portion of flux is called leakage flux.
     Due to this leakage flux in transformer there will be
    a self – reactance in the concerned winding.
     This self-reactance of transformer is alternatively
    known as leakage reactance of transformer.
     This self – reactance associated with resistance of
    transformer is impedance.
     Due to this impedance of transformer there will be
    voltage drops in both primary and secondary
    transformer windings.
     The zero phase sequence circuit are required
    when three phase transformer or three phase
    power network are operating under unbalanced
    or ground fault conditions.
    The general principles pertaining to the existence of
    zero sequence current in three phase transformer
    windings are as follows:-

    1.If the three phase line terminates in Y-connected


    windings, with isolated neutral, then equivalent
    circuit is open circuited for zero sequence currents.
    In case Y grounded or connected to source neutral
    zero sequence current can exist.

    2. If the three phase line terminates in delta


    connected windings, then equivalent circuit is
    open circuited for zero sequence currents, since
    there is no return path for these currents, zero
    sequence currents can however flow in delta
    connected windings.

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