STANDARDS

AND
ACCREDITATIONS

Presented by:
T. Manju
MSc Nursing 1st year
Learning outcomes:

 Define standards and accreditations

 Explain development and maintenance of standards and accreditation

in nursing.

 Describe role of INC, State registration nursing councils, boards and

university.

 Explain role of professional associations and unions in accreditation.

Standards:

Predetermined goals to achieve.

Standards represent what universities are required to full fill in order

to be accredited.
Accreditation:

Accreditation is the process whereby an organization or agency

recognizes a college or university or programme of study as having met
certain predetermined qualifications or standards.

- Selden 1986.
Purpose of accreditation:

 Maintenance of adequate administration requirements.

 Maintaining a uniform standard for nursing education and nursing

services.

 Stimulation of institutional self-improvement by evaluation and

inspection.

 Safeguards the institution from social education and political

pressure.
 Helps in the registration of nurses.

 It prescribes syllabus.

 Grants Recognition of schools and colleges.

 Guides the schools/college of nursing according to

recommendation criteria.

 It also serves to prepare the competent to serve the public.

Functions of accreditation:

• It aims to protect the autonomy of various health service

programmes Eg: Nursing education and Medical education.

• It preserves the quality of nursing education.

• It protects the public from services of ill prepared nurses.

• It protects the institutions unsound and unsafe political pressure.

• It helps the practitioner for the broad scope of nursing practice.

Types of accreditation agencies:

Regional Professional

State National
Functions of national commission accreditation:

1. To study and investigate the accreditation agency.

2. Publish a list of accreditation agencies, it has approval.

3. To collect and publish information on higher education, that is

pertinent to accreditation.
In order to be accredited an institution must fulfil the criteria set

by the accrediting agency. the institution will be assessed in each of

the principal areas of the institutional functioning and responsibility

as followed:

A, Institutional mission and objectives.

B, Evaluation and planning.

C, Organization and governance.

D, Programme of instruction.

E, Special activities.
F, Qualified Faculty.

G, Student services.

H, Library and learning resources.

I, Physical resources.

J, Financial resources

K, Advertising and publication

Policies for accreditation:

A, Broad approval of the initial development of the nursing

programme:

B, Broad approval for the admission of students

Further procedures regarding board approval:

 Application for accreditation should be filled with concerned

authority.

 Request will be reviewed at regular board meeting and institution

advised of board actions.

 Initial accreditation is granted for a period of one year.

 Renewal accreditation is based on survey visits, conference and

correspondence during the period, the annual report.

Process of accreditation:

1. Applying for institution to be accredited.

2. Preparing a report by the institutional head according to the

criteria and format.

3. Visit to the site by the inspector appointment by accrediting

agency to verify the self study report.

4. Preparing report by the visitors.

5. Report made by the visitors along with the institutional report is

sent to the review board of council.

6. The board of review on the basis of all data and report makes the
final decisions whether accreditation should be granted or not.
Criteria for accreditation: report of the inspection of the college held on:

• Types of training given.

• Date of previous inspection.

• Recognition of the college by the government order no., date and no.of

seats sanctioned for the year. Number of students admitted for the

year after the cost date of inspection and regarding the detail of staff

qualification.

• Registration number, registration valid, non-nursing teachers, other

staff members, physical facilities available in the school.

• Number of class rooms.

• Demonstration room

• Library

• Office of principal, tutors

• Laboratory
Process of registration of schools and colleges:

Trail Basis - recognition given on the temporary basis based on the application

submitted plus pending inspection and is done after the favourable report of

accreditation.

Permanent recognition – after the inspection and evaluation that is when the

school/college meet all the criteria prescribed by the INC permanent recognition is

given.
Services rendered by accredited:

- Registration and admission of students. Accredited institutions are

also expected to counsel students as to assist them in proper selection of

subjects.

- Distribution of study materials.

- Organization of personal contact program.

- Registering students for external examination.

- Distribution of marks sheets and certificates.

Schools and colleges are expected to keep ready the following:

I. General information:

a) The name of the university it is affiliated.

b) Date of establishment of programme.

c) Date recognition by state nursing council, INC or university.

d) Number of students graduating per year.

II. Philosophy:

Aims and objectives of the institution and departments.

III. Organization and administration:

o Organization chart of institution and colleges.

o Placement of principal.

o Line of authority.

o Teaching staff and non-teaching staff.

IV. Teaching staff:

o Internal lecture.

o External lecture.

o Staff selection procedures.

o Staff development programme.

o Seminars attended.
V. Administration and physical set up:

o Office and room for principal.

o Staff, clinical staff, number of classrooms, nutrition lab etc.

o Hostel, cafeteria, dining hall, reading hall, toilet facility etc,.

o Number of books, periodical.

VI. Finance:

o Total budget sanctioned.

o Drawing offices-separate and combined.

VII. Committees:

o Advisory committee, development committee, student welfare

committee.

VIII. Staff teaching:

o Monitoring technique
IX. Construction and institution facilities:

o Syllabus, prospectus, application forms, bond paper, etc.

X. Health facilities for students and staff :

o Medical check-up

XI. Clinical set-up:

o Community experience, family people co-curricular activities.

o Research of students, application forms and bond paper signed.

o Attendance registers, practical record, leave record.

o Evaluation form, master plan, examination results and assignments.

o Drug study, lesson plans, nursing care plans and clinical presentation
Role of Indian nursing council, state registration nursing councils,

boards and university

Indian nursing council:

Indian nursing council considered to be the statutory body that influences

nursing education at the national level. The INC was constituted to

establish a uniform standard of education for nurses, midwives, health

visitors and auxiliary nurse, the Indian nursing council act was ordained in

1947.
Aims of INC:

 To establish uniform standard of training throughout the state.

 Prohibit training centre, which are in adequate.

 Prohibit practice of nursing by non-qualified nurses.

Functions and role of INC:

The INC provides a framework for nursing in India. It has many roles:

1. prescribing of syllabi:

INC is prescribing syllabi and curriculum for various courses of nursing and

conducting qualifying examination based on the development in science and

technology. Syllabi have also been prescribed for all post certified courses,

degree courses, diploma and for health visitor courses.

2. Inspection:

Inspections are done and granting of recognition based as the

requirements, their set up and the strength of the institutions. They also

have full freedom to withdraw recognitions. A right of appeal against any

disciplinary action takes by the council is provided for in the acts.

Nature of inspections by INC:

There are three types of inspections by INC since 1996.

a. First inspections:

Institutions are inspected by the INC when they apply for starting a
course in nursing.

This is the first step towards INC recognition.

The schools that seek recognition are required to submit

1. Permission letter for state government.

2. Permission letter for state nursing council.

3. A copy of the inspection report of the state nursing council.

b, Re-Inspections:

These are done for those institutions which are found unsuitable on first or

subsequent inspection by INC. Once the institution takes necessary steps to

remove the deficiencies and informs the INC’s re-inspection is done within one

year or earlier.

c, Periodic inspections:

Once an institution is given recognition by INC the institute is required to send

an annual inspection fee regularly. The INC inspects the institute generally

after 3 years.
Telangana state nurses and midwives council:

It is an Autonomous Statutory Registration body constituted under the Andhra

Pradesh Nurses and Midwives (Extension & Amendment) Act, 1964 and adapted to

the state of Telangana.

The Core Functions:(As per Act): Telangana nursing council:

 To register qualified candidates to practice in the state of Telangana.

 To implement all the Rules / Regulations and Acts of Indian Nursing Council as

on date.
 Renewal of previously registered candidates with the council.

 Verification of registration certificates issued from the council whenever there

is a request from any employer across the world. The document communicated is

cross checked with the existing records for authenticity.

 Issuance of No Objection Certificate (NOC)to the candidates seeking the same

for working in other states and overseas.

 Permission/Recognition/Renewal of Recognition of Nursing educational

Institutions by Conducting periodical inspections, as per rule 39 made under

section 11(2)(b) of AP Nurses & Midwives (Extension & Amendment) Act. 1964

and the Rules and Regulations made there under - Adaptation in the State of

Telangana.
Physical facilities:

Infrastructural facilities in conformity with Regulations framed under the

provisions of Indian Nursing Council Act 1947.

Building:

The College of Nursing should have a separate building. The college of

Nursing should be near to its parent hospital having space for expansion in

an institutional area. For a College with an annual admission capacity of 40-

60 students, the constructed area of the college should be 23720 square

feet.
The details of the constructed area is given below for admission capacity
of 40-60

Teaching Block:

Teaching Block Area:

1. Lecture Hall 4 @ 1080 = 4320 Sqr. Ft.

2. (i) Nursing foundation lab 1500 Sqr. Ft.

(ii) CHN 900 Sqr. Ft.

(iii) Nutrition 900 Sqr. Ft.

(iv) OBG and Paediatrics lab 900 Sqr. Ft.

(v) Pre-clinical science lab 900 Sqr. Ft.

(vi) Computer Lab 1500 Sqr. Ft.

3. Multipurpose Hall 3000 Sqr. Ft.

4. Common Room (Male & Female) 1100 Sqr. Ft.

5. Staff Room 1000 Sqr. Ft.

3. Multipurpose Hall 3000 Sqr. Ft.

4. Common Room (Male & Female) 1100 Sqr. Ft.

5. Staff Room 1000 Sqr. Ft.

6. Principal Room 300 Sqr. Ft.

7. Vice Principal Room 200 Sqr. Ft.

8. Library 2400 Sqr. Ft.

9. A.V. Aids Room 600 Sqr. Ft.

10. One room for each Head of 800 Departments Sqr. Ft.

11. Faculty Room 2400 Sqr. Ft.

12. Provisions for Toilets 1000 Sqr. Ft.

Total 23720 Sqr. Ft.

Note: -

*1. Nursing Educational institution should be in Institutional area only and

not in residential area.

*2. If the institute has non-nursing programme in the same building,

Nursing programme should have separate teaching block.

*3. Shift-wise management with other educational institutions will not be

accepted.

*4. Separate teaching block shall be available if it is in hospital premises.

5. Proportionately the size of the built-up area will increase according to

the number of students admitted.

*6. School and College of nursing can share laboratories, if they are in

same campus under same name and under same trust, that is the institution

is one but offering different nursing programmes. However they should

have equipment’s and articles proportionate to the strength of admission.

And the class rooms should be available as per the requirement stipulated

by Indian Nursing Council of each programme

Class rooms:

There should be at least four classrooms with the capacity of

accommodating the number of students admitted in each class. The rooms

should be well ventilated with proper lighting system. There should be

built in Black/Green/White Boards. Also there should be a desk/ dais/a

big table and a chair for the teacher and

racks/cupboards for keeping teaching aids or any other equipment needed

for the conduct of classes also should be there.

Departments:

College should have following departments

1. Fundamentals of Nursing including Nutrition

2. Medical Surgical Nursing

3. Community Health Nursing

4. Obstetric and Gynaecological Nursing

5. Child Health Nursing

6. Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing

Laboratories:

There should be at least Seven laboratories as listed below:

 Nursing Foundations and Medical Surgical, Community Health Nursing,

OBG and, Paediatrics, Nutrition, Computer with 10 computers, Pre-

Clinical Science Lab. (Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biophysics, Anatomy &

Physiology).
Qualifications & experience of teachers of college of Nursing:

1. Principal cum Professor - 15 years’ experience with M.Sc.(N) out of which

12 years should be teaching experience with minimum of 5 years in

collegiate programme.

Ph.D.(N) is desirable

2. Vice- Principal cum Professor - 12 years’ experience with M.Sc.(N) out of

which 10 years should be teaching experience with minimum of 5 years in

collegiate programme.

Ph.D.(N) is desirable
3. Professor - 10 years’ experience with M.Sc.(N) out of which 7 years

should be teaching experience.

Ph.D.(N) is desirable

4. Associate Professor - M.Sc. (N) with 8 years’ experience including 5

years teaching experience

Ph.D.(N) desirable

5. Assistant Professor - M.Sc. (N) with 3 years teaching experience.

Ph.D.(N) desirable.

6. Tutor- M.Sc.(N) Or B.Sc.(N)/P.B.B.Sc(N) with 1 year experience.

The functions of the councils are to:

• Inspect and accredit schools of nursing in their state.

• Conduct examinations.

• Prescribe rules of conduct, take disciplinary actions.

• Maintain register of nurses, midwives, ANM and health visitors in the

state.

The state registration councils are autonomous to a great extent except

that they do not have powers to prescribe syllabi for the various training

courses, recognize examining bodies and to negotiate reciprocity.

University level:

Every state has their own universities government, quasi government and

deemed universities, private.(approved by government).

• State universities coordinates with INC, SNC, DME and other

professional bodies for the health science courses syndicate, academic

council and board of study will govern the admissions, syllabus continuation

of programs, accreditations for continuation of programs, accreditation of

new colleges through local inspections committee.

•
NIMHANS coordinates with INC and functions as independent university

following their norms to maintain the standards for education and patient

care.
Affiliation :

Meaning connect as a member or branch. When all the required clinical

experiences cannot be provided in the parent hospital it becomes

necessary for the nursing school to select another hospital to which

students may be sent to acquire further experience. Such a hospital is

known as an affiliating agency and the types of experience for which a

nursing school commonly affiliates are the nursing children.

Various professional organizations and functions:

At central level:

Trained Nurses Association OF India (TNAI).

International Council For Nurses (ICN)

The Commonwealth Nurses Federation

The Indian Nursing Council.

The Red Cross Society.

World Health Organization (WHO).

At state level:

The Student Nurses Association (SNA)

The Nurses League Of Christian Medical Association.

The Christian Medical Association Of India.

Trained nurses association of India :

The Trained Nurses’ Association of India (TNAI) is a national organization

of nurse professionals at different levels. It was established in 1908 and

was initially known as Association of Nursing Superintendents.

The Government of India has recognized TNAI as a service organization in

1950
Objectives

Upholding every way the Dignity and honour of the nursing profession,

 Promoting a sense of espirit de corps among all nurses,

 To advance professional, educational, economic and general welfare of

nurses.
Functions:

 To enunciate standards of Nursing Education and implement these

through appropriate channels.

 To establish standards and qualifications for nursing practice.

 To enunciate standards of Nursing Service and implement these through

appropriate channels.

 To establish a code of ethical conduct for practitioners.


 To promote legislation and to speak for Nurses in regard to legislative

action.

 To promote and protect the economic welfare of Nurses.

 To provide professional counselling and placement service for Nurses.

 To stimulate and promote research designed to enhance

 To stimulate and promote research designed to enhance the knowledge

for evidence-based nursing practice.

 To provide for the continuing professional development of practitioners.

 To represent Nurses and serve as their spoke person with allied national and

international organisations, governmental and other bodies and the public.

 To serve as the official representative of the Nurses of India

as a member of the International Council of Nurses.

 To promote the general health and welfare of the public through the

Association programmes, relationships and activities e.g. Disaster Management.

 To render care as per the changing needs of the society

Membership:

A life member is a person who is a registered Nurse and Midwife

(equivalent of midwifery training in case of male nurse), trained from an

institution recognised by the Indian Nursing Council/State Nursing Council

and holds a certificate of training issued by a Nursing Registration Council

or Board of Examinations recognised by the Indian Nursing Council.

The International Council of Nurses (ICN):

It is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations (NNAs),

representing the more than 20 million nurses worldwide. Founded in 1899,

ICN is the world’s first and widest reaching international organisation for

health professionals. Operated by nurses and leading nurses

internationally, ICN works to ensure quality nursing care for all, sound

health policies globally, the advancement of nursing knowledge, and the

presence worldwide of a respected nursing profession and a competent and

satisfied nursing workforce.

Objectives:

 Promote the development of strong national nurses associations.

 Assist national nurses association to improve the standards of nursing

and competence of nurses.

 Assist national nurses associations to improve the status of nurses

within their countries.

 Serve as the authoritative voice for nurses and nursing internationally.

Activities:

 Make policy statements on health and social issues.

 Offers a great variety of seminars.

 Maintaining and improving the status of nursing around the world.

Membership:

All nurses can become member of ICN but not as individuals. The individual

nurse becomes a member if his/her national nurses association is a member

of ICN. Nurses in India become members of ICN when they become

member of TNAI.
The commonwealth nurses federation:

 The commonwealth nurses federation was formally organized in 1973

and operates in six regions of the world which are East, Africa,

Atlantic, Australia, Pacific, South Asia, and Europe.

 The TNAI is also affiliated with the commonwealth nurses federation.

It is made up of nurses association from commonwealth countries.

Aims:

 Promote sharing, better communications and closer relationships

between its member associations.

 Provides expert professional advice.

 Scholarship for advanced study.

 Financial assistance for professional meetings and seminars.

 Running an office through which funds can be received and dispersed

for the benefit of nursing in countries which are represented.

The Indian nursing council (INC):

The Indian Nursing Council is an Autonomous Body under the Government

of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare was constituted by the

Central Government under section 3(1) of the Indian Nursing Council Act,

1947 of parliament in order to establish a uniform standard of training

for nurses, Midwives and health visitors.

Responsibilities:

 Prescribe curricula for nursing education in all the states.

 Refuses or recognises programmes of nursing education according to

standards required.

 Support high standards in nursing.

 Providing registration for foreign nurses.

 Maintenance of the Indian nurses register. This register contains the

names of all nurses, midwives, auxiliary nurse midwives who are enrolled

on all state registers.

Red cross society:

 It follows the directions of the Geneva conventions in an effort to protect

victims of armed conflict. Its headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland.

 They delegate visit and inspect prisoner of war camps. They arrange for

delivery of mail and food packages to the prisoners. They also offer

emergency relief by providing food and medical supplies. A very valuable

service is that of a central tracing agency which helps to locate prisoners of

war and missing persons long after a conflict is over.

 At times of armed conflict or natural disaster within country these help

to give comprehensive care to the affected.

The world health organisation:

The world health organisation, commonly called the WHO is also a

specialized agency of the United Nations. It was organized in 1948 for the
purpose of helping to achieve the highest possible level of health for all
people.

The WHO has been active in nursing education and practice in a number of
ways in India. It has offered guidance in setting up programmes of Nursing
Education. The WHO promotes public health in many ways around the
world. It is currently known for the declaration of working towards “Health
for all by 2000 AD”. This declaration has given a tremendous push to
developing primary health care and recognizing the very essential role of
nursing in health care system.
The student nurses association (SNA):

The Student Nurses Association organized in 1920, is associated with and

under jurisdiction of the TNAI. In addition to providing a means of

personal and professional development for the nursing student. The

assistant secretary of the TNAI serves as advisor for the SNA.

Purposes and Functions:

 Help student Nurses learn how the professional organisation serves

to uphold the dignity and ideals of the nursing profession.

 Promote a close rapport with other student Nurses.

 Furnish student Nurses advice in their courses of study leading up to

professional qualifications.

 Encourages leadership ability and help students to gain a wide

knowledge of the nursing profession in all of its different branches.

 Encourage both professional and recreational meetings, Games and

Sports.

 Encourage student’s nurses develop a co-operative spirit with other

student nurses which will help them in future professional relationships
Activities :

 Fund raising for the TNAI.

 Fund raising done for fine arts and sports competitions and

conferences.

 Special prizes given for outstanding achievement in specific areas of

nursing education.

 Unit activities include maintaining the diary of unit activities, giving

quarterly reports, preparing articles for publication and distributing

application forms for membership in the TNAI.

The nurse’s league of the clinical medical association:

The Nurses league of the clinical medical association of India was

founded in 1930. It became affiliated to the TNAI in 1936 and promotes
membership in this organisation.

Objectives:

 Promote cooperation and encouragement among Christian Nurses.

 Promote efficiency in nursing education and service.

 Secure the highest standards possible in Christian nursing education

through the Christian schools of nursing.

 Considering the special work and problems of Christian nurses

wherever employed.
Activities:

 Activities include national and area conferences and retreats for its

members. Development of leadership abilities is encouraged by

participation in these meetings.

 Each meeting also allows for sharing of problems common to the

Christian nurse.

 Provides expert professional advice. Provides scholarships for

advanced study.

 Provides financial assistance for professional meetings and seminars

The Christian medical association of India:

The CMAI began in 1905 as a fellowship of Christian missionary doctors

to provide spiritual sharing and support. It gradually developed into a

larger organisation which included other Christian health professionals and

health institutions.
Unions:

Meaning:

A union or labour organization is any organization in which employees

participate for the purpose of dealing with their employer about

grievances, labour disagreements, wages, hours of work, and conditions of

employment.
Objectives of unions:

 Wages

 Promotions

 Layoffs

 Discipline

 Grievances procedures

 Fringe benefits
Unions in India: At present three unions of nurses are working at the

central level.

 1. All India Government Nurses Federation (AIGNF)

 2. Trained Nurses’ Union (TNU) and

 3. Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI)