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    State and Government

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    The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912. It was founded by the Manchu people from Northeast Asia. The Qing established a bureaucracy based on merit and examinations. They instituted a system of military banners to organize and tax different ethnic groups. While the emperor had divine authority, they were still expected to follow principles of just rule or risk losing the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing integrated Chinese traditions but also imposed policies like requiring Chinese men to wear the Manchu hairstyle called the queue. Major rebellions challenged Qing rule, such as the White Lotus and Taiping Rebellions.

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    State and Government

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    The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912. It was founded by the Manchu people from Northeast Asia. The Qing established a bureaucracy based on merit and examinations. They instituted a system of military banners to organize and tax different ethnic groups. While the emperor had divine authority, they were still expected to follow principles of just rule or risk losing the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing integrated Chinese traditions but also imposed policies like requiring Chinese men to wear the Manchu hairstyle called the queue. Major rebellions challenged Qing rule, such as the White Lotus and Taiping Rebellions.

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    The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912. It was founded by the Manchu people from Northeast Asia. The Qing established a bureaucracy based on merit and examinations. They instituted a system of military banners to organize and tax different ethnic groups. While the emperor had divine authority, they were still expected to follow principles of just rule or risk losing the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing integrated Chinese traditions but also imposed policies like requiring Chinese men to wear the Manchu hairstyle called the queue. Major rebellions challenged Qing rule, such as the White Lotus and Taiping Rebellions.

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    24 views11 pages

    State and Government

    Uploaded by

    api-508771277
    The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1912. It was founded by the Manchu people from Northeast Asia. The Qing established a bureaucracy based on merit and examinations. They instituted a system of military banners to organize and tax different ethnic groups. While the emperor had divine authority, they were still expected to follow principles of just rule or risk losing the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing integrated Chinese traditions but also imposed policies like requiring Chinese men to wear the Manchu hairstyle called the queue. Major rebellions challenged Qing rule, such as the White Lotus and Taiping Rebellions.

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    The Qing

    Dynasty State &


    Government
    SHY 394 01
    The Qing Dynasty:
    ❖ Originally nomadic people who
    settled in the region bounded by
    Siberia, Mongolia, and Korea.
    ❖ United under the leadership of
    Nurhachi and Abahi to become
    the “Manchus”.
    ❖ Believed to be one multicultural
    entity. The phrases “Inner and
    Outer” and “One Family” were
    often written on official
    document.
    The Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, located in the center of
    The Banner System:
    ❖ Was the organized military and tax
    purposes of the Manchus.
    ❖ Divided into eight major regions and
    five ethnic divisions (Manchu, Han
    Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan, and
    Muslims, or Hui).
    ❖ There were 300 men in each force, or
    color (white, red, yellow, blue). The
    bordered flags came later with
    expansion.
    Mandate of Heaven:
    Integrated
    ❖ Bureaucracy:
    Emperor did not have absolute power ❖ Political power in hierarchical
    ❖ “Divine Right of Kings” rejected levels
    ❖ Had to follow basic expectations; role model
    ❖ Held positions based on merit
    ❖ Could legitimately be overthrown ❖ Government Examinations
    Examination System: “Elite
    Commoners”:
    ❖ Government officials schooled ❖ Rule not limited to aristocrats
    from young age ❖ Rulers had ties to non-
    ❖ Morals, Ethics, and government occupations
    understanding on how to act ❖ Based on meritocracy and
    ❖ Examinations of each level social responsibility
    Tax Policy:
    ❖ Focused entirely on providing sufficient revenues for
    the central state
    ❖ During the Qing dynasty, no one thought about
    personal tax
    ❖ Instead based entirely on land
    ❖ As china grew, the old tax system was no longer
    working
    ❖ The Qing government maintained a monopoly on the
    sale of salt, an everyday commodity, but did not
    otherwise burden the commercial sector with heavy
    Secret Palace Memorial System:
    ❖ Was a way for the emperor to
    communicate directly with officials.
    ❖ This meant no mediation from the court
    ❖ Messages were transported under lock
    and key
    ❖ Overall the system was a success
    ❖ It provided accurate responses to local
    policies
    The Queue:
    ❖ Originated during the Tang Dynasty
    (618-907).
    ❖ Characterised by a 3-strand braid.
    ❖ Emperor Taizu ordered all Chinese to
    adopt the hairstyle in 1622.
    ❖ Some resistance to the practice, but
    majority conformed out of convenience.
    Rebellions:
    ❖ White Lotus Rebellion
    ➢ Started as an anti-tax/anti-Manchu
    protest in 1796
    ➢ Wasn’t quelled until 1804
    ➢ Estimated 100,000 casualties
    ❖ Taiping Rebellion
    ➢ Started in 1850 by Hong Xiuquan
    ➢ Based off of Christianity and a
    primitive form of Communism
    ➢ Captured Nanjing and renamed it
    Tianjing.
    ➢ Was eventually ended in 1864
    Bibliography & Sources:
    Desnoyers, Charles A. Patterns of Modern Chinese History. Oxford University
    Press, 2017.

    The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Banner System.” Encyclopædia


    Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 Oct. 2011,
    www.britannica.com/topic/Banner-system.

    “The End of the Queue.” The End of the Queue | China Heritage Quarterly, Sept.
    2011, www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?
    searchterm=027_queue.inc&issue=027.

    Zelin, Madeleine. “The Grandeur of the Qing State.” The Grandeur of the Qing,

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