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    Data Input

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    Pankaj Mittal
    This document discusses data input methods for geographic information systems. It describes how both locational and attribute data are encoded, with locational data represented as coordinates within a coordinate system. Source maps may use different projections and scales, requiring data transformation. Attribute data is often stored in database tables. Primary data input methods include surveying, photogrammetry, GPS and remote sensing, while secondary methods are digitization, line following and scanning. Common input devices are keyboards, digitizers, scanners, and tools that provide data in digital format like total stations.

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    Data Input

    Uploaded by

    Pankaj Mittal
    185 views12 pages
    This document discusses data input methods for geographic information systems. It describes how both locational and attribute data are encoded, with locational data represented as coordinates within a coordinate system. Source maps may use different projections and scales, requiring data transformation. Attribute data is often stored in database tables. Primary data input methods include surveying, photogrammetry, GPS and remote sensing, while secondary methods are digitization, line following and scanning. Common input devices are keyboards, digitizers, scanners, and tools that provide data in digital format like total stations.

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    This document discusses data input methods for geographic information systems. It describes how both locational and attribute data are encoded, with locational data represented as coordinates within a coordinate system. Source maps may use different projections and scales, requiring data transformation. Attribute data is often stored in database tables. Primary data input methods include surveying, photogrammetry, GPS and remote sensing, while secondary methods are digitization, line following and scanning. Common input devices are keyboards, digitizers, scanners, and tools that provide data in digital format like total stations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    185 views12 pages

    Data Input

    Uploaded by

    Pankaj Mittal
    This document discusses data input methods for geographic information systems. It describes how both locational and attribute data are encoded, with locational data represented as coordinates within a coordinate system. Source maps may use different projections and scales, requiring data transformation. Attribute data is often stored in database tables. Primary data input methods include surveying, photogrammetry, GPS and remote sensing, while secondary methods are digitization, line following and scanning. Common input devices are keyboards, digitizers, scanners, and tools that provide data in digital format like total stations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    DATA INPUT

    Data input to a GIS involves encoding


    both the locational and attribute data
    The locational data is encoded as
    coordinates on a particular cartesian
    coordinate system
    Source maps may have different
    projections and scales
    Several stages of data transformation
    may be needed to bring all data to a
    common coordinate system
     Attribute data is often obtained and
    stored in tables (Database
    Management System)
    There are two methods for inputing data
    Primary methods
    Surveying, Photogrammetry, GPS, and
    Remote Sensing
    Secondary Methods
    Digitization, Automatic line following,
    and scanning
    Modes of data input: Input
    Devices

    •keyboard
    Digitizer
    Scanner
    Data in digital format (Total
    station, digital photogrammetry,
    remote sensing, GPS)
    Keyboard

    Keyboard entry (X,Y,Z), (Ø, , h), or angle and


    distance
    Input through keyboard is time consuming, but
    it is more accurate
    It is suitable for small areas i.e. when the
    number of points/lines/areas are limited
    Because of its high accuracy, sometimes it is
    used in applications that need high quality e.g.
    cadastral mapping
    Digitization
    Digitization is a process of converting
    existing maps to digital form (vector
    format)
    A digitizer is connected to a computer
    and map features are followed manually
    Digitizers are available at different sizes
    (A4, A3, A2, A0) and different accuracy
    (0.05 mm)
    Example of digitizers are CalComp
    9500 and Summagraphic
    f

     h
    Scanning
    Scanning is a process of converting
    existing maps to digital form (raster
    format)
    A scanner is connected to a computer and
    map features are scanned automatically
    Scanners are available at different sizes
    (A4, A3, A2, A0) and different accuracy
    (300 dpi, 600dpi, 1000 dpi)
    Example of Scanners are UMAX-S12, HP
    External Databases
     An efficient method of building a GIS
    database is to limit the amount of time
    and cost necessary to develop database
     A plenty of data already available in
    different digital format an in different
    media 9-inch tape, 8 mm tape, CD-ROM,
    etc.
     Need to evaluate data for its
    utility/quality for projects and ability to
    import
     Meta-data or data dictionary should be
    prepared for the GIS database
    (information about the content)
    DATABASE OF GIS
    It is not only the replacement of
    map symbols, but it also provides
    a spatial component (not like a
    static nature of map). The
    database management system
    (DBMS) is used by GIS to store
    and to mange data in an
    independent subsystem in itself.
    OBJECTIVES
    • To store and to maintain the data
    at a single place
    • To store the data in structured
    and in controlled manner.
    • To have multi-users ability.
    • To update the data easily
    DESIGN
    On the basis of the application areas the
    databases are generated and
    accordingly the GIS is designed. E.g. to
    manage the land record. The land
    information system is developed (LIS)
    for the municipal application in urban
    information system (UIS).
    Computer assisted design (CAD) are
    developed to support the design
    applications in design architecture. CAD
    systems gives importance to design so
    the often lack in ability of processing
    complex attributes and integrate them

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