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    Link State Routing, ATM Networks: Unit 03.03.03 CS 5220: Computer Communications

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    arafath uzzaman
    Link state routing reacts faster than distance vector routing when a link fails. It immediately floods the network with an update and recalculates paths, ensuring fast, loop-free convergence. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses fixed-length cells and virtual connections to provide quality of service guarantees for various traffic types like voice, video, and data. However, advances in optical networking made ATM less scalable than packet switching due to the overhead of cell segmentation and reassembly.

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    Link State Routing, ATM Networks: Unit 03.03.03 CS 5220: Computer Communications

    Uploaded by

    arafath uzzaman
    37 views11 pages
    Link state routing reacts faster than distance vector routing when a link fails. It immediately floods the network with an update and recalculates paths, ensuring fast, loop-free convergence. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses fixed-length cells and virtual connections to provide quality of service guarantees for various traffic types like voice, video, and data. However, advances in optical networking made ATM less scalable than packet switching due to the overhead of cell segmentation and reassembly.

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    Link state routing reacts faster than distance vector routing when a link fails. It immediately floods the network with an update and recalculates paths, ensuring fast, loop-free convergence. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses fixed-length cells and virtual connections to provide quality of service guarantees for various traffic types like voice, video, and data. However, advances in optical networking made ATM less scalable than packet switching due to the overhead of cell segmentation and reassembly.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    37 views11 pages

    Link State Routing, ATM Networks: Unit 03.03.03 CS 5220: Computer Communications

    Uploaded by

    arafath uzzaman
    Link state routing reacts faster than distance vector routing when a link fails. It immediately floods the network with an update and recalculates paths, ensuring fast, loop-free convergence. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) uses fixed-length cells and virtual connections to provide quality of service guarantees for various traffic types like voice, video, and data. However, advances in optical networking made ATM less scalable than packet switching due to the overhead of cell segmentation and reassembly.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Unit 03.03.

    03
    CS 5220:
    COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS

    Link State Routing, ATM Networks


    XIAOBO ZHOU, Ph.D.
    Professor, Department of Computer Science
    Reaction to Failure
     In distance vector routing, if a link fails
     Neighboring routers exchange routing tables
    that may use failed links

     In link-state routing, if a link fails,


     Router sets link distance to infinity & floods
    the network with an update packet
     All routers immediately update their link
    database & recalculate their shortest paths
     Recovery very quick
    Why is Link State Better?
     Fast, loopless convergence
     Support for precise metrics, and multiple metrics if
    necessary (throughput, delay, cost, reliability)
     Support for multiple paths to a destination
     algorithm can be modified to find best two paths
    Problem of Link State Routing
     But watch out for old update messages
     Add time stamp or sequence # to each update message
     Check whether each received update message is new
     If new, add it to database and broadcast
     If older, send update message on arriving link
    Source Routing vs. H-by-H
     Source host selects path to be followed by a packet
     Strict: sequence of nodes in path inserted into header
     Loose: subsequence of nodes in path specified
     Intermediate switches read next-hop address and remove
    address
     Or maintained for the reverse path
     Source routing allows the host to control the paths that its
    information traverses in the network
     Potentially the means for customers to select what service
    providers they use
    Example

    3,6,B 6,B
    1,3,6,B 1 3
    B
    6
    A
    4 B
    Source host
    2 Destination host
    5
    Asynchronous Tranfer Mode (ATM)
     Packet multiplexing and switching
     Fixed-length packets: “cells”
     Connection-oriented
     Rich Quality of Service support
     Conceived as end-to-end
     Supporting wide range of services
     Real time voice and video
     Circuit emulation for digital transport
     Data traffic with bandwidth guarantees
    TDM vs. Packet Multiplexing

    Variable bit rate Delay Burst traffic Processing


    TDM Multirate only Low, fixed Inefficient Minimal, very high
    speed
    Packet Easily handled Variable Efficient Header & packet
    processing required

    *
    In mid-1980s, packet processing mainly in software and hence slow; By
    late 1990s, very high speed packet processing possible
    ATM: Attributes of TDM & Packet Switching

    Voice 1

    2
    Data MUX
    packets 3
    Wasted bandwidth
    Images 4

    TDM
    • Packet structure gives 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
    flexibility & efficiency
    ATM
    • Fixed packet length 4 3 1 3 2 2 1
    simplifies implementation Packet Header
    and makes high speed
    ATM Virtual Connections
     Virtual connections setup across network
     Connections identified by locally-defined tags
     ATM Header contains virtual connection information:
     8-bit Virtual Path Identifier Virtual paths
     16-bit Virtual Channel Identifier
    Physical link

    Virtual channels

     Powerful traffic grooming capabilities


     Multiple VCs can be bundled within a VP
    MPLS & ATM
     ATM initially touted as more scalable than packet
    switching
     Advances in optical transmission proved ATM to be
    the less scalable: @ 10 Gbps
     Segmentation & reassembly of messages & streams into
    48-byte cell payloads difficult & inefficient
     Header must be processed every 53 bytes vs. 500 bytes on
    average for packets
     MPLS (multiprotocol label switching) uses tags to
    transfer packets across virtual circuits in Internet
     Adopts label switching paradigm, but variable-length
    packets by packet-over-SONET encapsulation

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