Resilient Packet Ring Network (RPR)

RESILIENT PACKET RING NETWORK(RPR)
INTRODUCION
 The nature of the public network has changed. Demand
for Internet Protocol(IP)data is growing at a compound
annual rate of between 100% and 800%1,while voice
demand remains stable.
 Over the last 10 years, as data traffic has grown both in
importance and volume,technologies such as frame

relay,ATM,and point-to-point protocol (PPP) have been
developed to force fit data onto the circuit network
 More recently,Gigabit Ethernet has been adopted by
many network service providers.

 Gig has shortcomings when applied in carrier networks
were recognized and for these problems, a technology

called Resilient Packet Ring Technology were developed.
Resilient Packet Ring Technology (RPR).
 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is an emerging network

architecture and technology designed to meet the
requirements of a packet-based metropolitan area
network(MAN).
 Neither SONET nor Ethernet is ideal for handling

multimedia traffic on a ring network
 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a network topology being

developed as a new standard for fiber optic rings
It works in point to point ,ring or mesh networks.

Uses MAC layer tech.(Standardized as IEEE 802.17)
RPRs Key features
Resilience proactive span protection automatically avoids failed
spans within 50 ms.
Services support for latency/jitter sensitive traffic such as voice

and video.support for committed information rate (CIR)
services.
Efficiency spatial reuse:Unlike SONET,bandwidth is consumed only

between the source and destination nodes.packets are
removed at their destination ,leaving this bandwidth
available to downstream nodes on the ring.
Scalable supports topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring.

RPR Operation
RPR uses a dual counter rotating fiber ring topology
Both rings inner and outer are used
to transport working traffic between nodes
By utilizing both fibers
RPR utilizes the total available ring bandwidth
fibers are used to carry control messages
control message flow in the opposite direction
of the traffic that they represent.
using bandwidth-control messages
a RPR node can be dynamically negotiate for bandwidth
with the other nodes on the ring.
It has ability to differentiate between low-and high-priority packets
nodes have the ability to transmit high-priority packets
before those of low priority

• RPR nodes also have a transit path
• It has a transit buffer capable of holding multiple packets
• Nodes with smaller transit buffers
use bandwidth-control messages
RPR Media Access Control(MAC).

• one of the basic building blocks of RPR.
• responsible for providing access to the fiber media.
• can receive,transit and transmit packets.
To From West
To
West Fiber
East
Fiber
Fiber
Receive Transit Path TX BW

Decision Control
Topology
TX
BW Protection
To Host From Host
To Host From Host
MAC Block Diagram

Receive Decision
• Every station has 48 bit MAC address.
• MAC will receive any packets with a matching destination address
• MAC receive both unicast and multi cast packets
• there are also control packets that are meant for the neighboring
node
• these packets do not need a destination or source address.
Transit Path
• nodes with non matching dstn address are allowed to circulate
• RPR packets are only inspected for a matching address
and header errors
Transmit and Bandwidth Controls
RPR MAC can transmit both high-and-low priority packets
for low-priority packets
bandwidth algorithm controls
whether a node is within its negotiated bandwidth allotment
bandwidth-control algorithm
Protection
RPR has the ability to protect the network from single
span failures.
Wrapping
Nodes neighbouring the failed span diverts the packet by
wrapping traffic around to the other fiber
span
Topology Discovery:
RPR has a topology discovery mechanism
Physical Layer
RPR packet can be transported over both SONET and
Ethernet physical layers
SONET physical layer offers
robust error and performance monitoring.
when using SONET physical layer,RPR can be carried over dark
fiber.
RPR packets can be encapsulated within
the synchronous payload envelope(SPE)
RPR Mac frame
Destination Address
(6)
Source Address (6)
Payload Type
(2)
Flow ID
C E
TTL
(1)
Header Error Check(2)
Payload
CRC (4)
Destination Address:
•is the MAC address of the ring to which the frame
is being transmitted
• address can also be a broadcast address.
Source Address
• is the MAC address of the ring node
from which the frame is being transmitted.
Payload Type
• this two byte field tells the system what type of the payload
follows the RPR field.
For example MPEG,ATM or Ethernet.
Class of service(CoS):
• this three byte CoS field allows the identification of
up to eight Classes of services, including
Expedited Forwarding(EF),
six levels of Assured Forwarding(AFI through AF6),
and Best Effort(BE).
Extension(E) Bit
indicates that there is an extension to the RPR header
allows for fields that may be added in the future.
Flow ID(optional)
allows the simple manual or automatic setup of
connection oriented services including
Time Division Multiplexed(TDM)
20 BIT field.
Time to live(TTL):
the one bit TTL field is included to allow the RPR ring topology
Header Error Check(HEC)
provides a way to test the integrity of the header,
allowing for persistent delivery of frames
Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC)
this 4 byte CRC works differently in RPR than it does for standard
Ethernet .
Comparison between Gigabit Ethernet and RPR
GIGABIT ETHERNET RPR
Enterprise-class equipment Carrier-class equipment
Provides Data service only Data, circuit or video

service
Works in Point-to-point or Point-to-point,linear,ring,or
mesh topology(No Rings) mesh topology
Protection in 50 seconds Protection in 50
milliseconds or less
simple management complex management
Has Limited scalability Contains 254 nodes per

ring,multiple rings
SONET RPR
Has Manual topology Confg Auto-topology config.
16 nodes per ring 254 nodes ring
management bandwidth is Management bandwidth

fixed used as needed
Time division multiplexing Statistical multiplexing
Has Manual provisioning of Manual or dynamic

bandwidth and routes provisioning
No service class awareness Differentiated services in

eight classes
Fixed direction traffic Least-cost traffic routing
routing
Technical aspects of RPR
Multicast
packet can be transmitted around the ring and
can be received by multiple nodes.
Mesh topologies requires multicast packets
to be replicated over all possible paths,
wasting bandwidth.
Spatial Reuse
RPR has the ability to switch traffic over
multiple spans of the rings simultaneously
Bandwidth on a particular span between ring nodes is utilized async.
Fairness
most important features in carrier-class networks
RPR protocol can guarantee fairness
across the metropolitan network.
Quality of Service
• is required in order to let a carrier effectively
charge for the services it provides.
• ATM promised to deliver multiple services due to its rich QoS set.
several parameters govern the characteristics of a delivered service
• Service availability,
• delay,
• delay variation and
•RPR Market Development

ISP Network
RPR solutions are helping ISPs to
deliver reliable internet services (such and IP and video) and
address the growing bandwidth service
requirements for the next generation intra-point of presence (POP),
• exchange point,
• and server frame/storage applications.
Regional Metro Network
. RPR regional metro solutions are available for transport
• over dark fiber,
• over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and
• over SONET
• cable, and
• enterprise/campus MANs
Metro Access Networks
provide direct Ethernet connectivity for
multi-tenant/multidwelling customers and
edge programmability.
Benefits of RPR
 Packets-optimized, Layer-1 independent protocol that

allows
transport,
switching and
routing functions in a single platform.
 Provides Differentiated data services, with advanced QoS

mechanisms.
 Provides Point-to-point and multipoint services.

 Provides End-to-end networking through a standard,
 Maximum utilization of the fiber bandwidth
 Faster deployment of services.
 Ease of provisioning and management of the ring.

Conclusion
Main objectives of RPR
 enable a true alternative to SONET

 providing carriers with resiliency
 fast protection and restoration and performance monitoring
 designed to combine SONET strengths of
 high availability
 reliability
 and TDM services support,
superior bandwidth utilization and
 high service granularity characteristics.

 RPR is
 reliable,
 efficient
promoted and standardized by industry leaders-

as well as by innovative startup companies,
 positioned to take a major role in deployment

of next generation carrier-class networks.
References
 Data Networks by Dimitri Bertsekas and Robert

Gallagar.
 Computer Networks by Andrew .S. and Taneabaum.
 Computer Network – A system approach by
Larry.L.Petterson and Bruces David.

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RESILIENT PACKET RING NETWORK(RPR)

importance and volume,technologies such as frame

many network service providers.

were recognized and for these problems, a technology

 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is an emerging network

 Neither SONET nor Ethernet is ideal for handling

 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a network topology being

It works in point to point ,ring or mesh networks.

Services support for latency/jitter sensitive traffic such as voice

Efficiency spatial reuse:Unlike SONET,bandwidth is consumed only

Scalable supports topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring.

RPR Media Access Control(MAC).

Receive Transit Path TX BW

To Host From Host

To Host From Host

MAC Block Diagram

GIGABIT ETHERNET RPR

Enterprise-class equipment Carrier-class equipment

Provides Data service only Data, circuit or video

Has Limited scalability Contains 254 nodes per

16 nodes per ring 254 nodes ring

management bandwidth is Management bandwidth

Has Manual provisioning of Manual or dynamic

No service class awareness Differentiated services in

•RPR Market Development

 Packets-optimized, Layer-1 independent protocol that

 Provides Differentiated data services, with advanced QoS

 Provides Point-to-point and multipoint services.

 Maximum utilization of the fiber bandwidth

 Faster deployment of services.

 Ease of provisioning and management of the ring.

Main objectives of RPR

 enable a true alternative to SONET

superior bandwidth utilization and

 high service granularity characteristics.

promoted and standardized by industry leaders-

 positioned to take a major role in deployment

 Data Networks by Dimitri Bertsekas and Robert

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