Horizontal Curves: Prepared By: Stanick Jamel Slewa Supervised By: Ali Mouhamad

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Salahaddin university

College of engineering
Civil department

  horizontal curves 
prepared by: Stanick Jamel Slewa
supervised by: Ali Mouhamad
Road curves
are regular bends in roads to bring a gradual change of direction. Similar
curves are on railways and canals.
Curves provided in the horizontal plane are known as horizontal curves
and are generally circular or parabolic.
Four types of circular curves are on roads:
*Simple curve
*Compound curve
*Reverse or serpentine curve
*Deviation curve
Simple curve
A simple curve has the same radius throughout and is a single arc of a circle,
with two tangents meeting at the intersection 

Diagram of simple curve.


Compound curve
A compound curve has two or more simple curves with different radii that
bend the same way and are on the same side of a common tangent. In this
diagram, MN is the common tangent.
reverse curve
Also called a serpentine curve, it is the reverse of a compound curve, and two
simple curves bent in opposite directions are on opposite sides of the common
tangent.
Davaiation curve
A deviation curve is simply a combination of two reverse curves. It is used when
it is necessary to deviate from a given straight path to avoid intervening
obstructions such as a building, a body of water, or other significant site.
Horizontal curves occur at locations where two roadways intersect, providing a gradua
l transition between the two. The intersection point of the two roads is defined as the
Point of Tangent Intersection (PI).
The location of the curve's start point is defined as the Point of Curve (PC)
while the location of the curve's end point is
defined as the Point of Tangent (PT). The PC is a distance
from the PI, where
is defined as Tangent Length. Tangent Length can be calculated by finding the central angle of the curve,
in degrees. This angle is equal to the supplement of the interior angle between the two road tangents.
Variables
R- Centerline Curve Radius
• <math>D_a</math> - Degree of curve [angle subtended by a 30.5-m (100&nbsp;ft) arc along the horizontal
curver
• T tangent length (in length units)
• Delta Deflection angle of curve tangents. Also central angle of the curve, in degrees.
*E External. Smallest distance between the curve and PI
*M Middle ordinate
*L Curve Length
*C Chord Length
*S Sight Distance
*M_s- Acceptable distance from inner edge of road for a sight obstruction to be placed without impeding sight
distance
*R_vRadius of innermost lane centerline

Key Terms
* PC: Point of Curve
* PI: Point of Tangent Intersect
* PT: Point of Tangent

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