Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, M&G: A Seminar Report On

Swami Keshvanand Institute of
Technology, M&G
A Seminar Report on :
Energy Efficient
Motors Submitted to:
Dept. Of Electrical Engineering
Submitted By:
Adeev Bhanu
17ESKEE006
EE-VII Semester
Contents
• What is Energy Efficient Motor?
• Difference between STM & EEM
• Efficiency
• Need Of EEM
• Features Of EEM
• Design of EEM to reduce losses
• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
What is Energy Efficient Motor?
• An energy efficient motor, simply put, is a motor that

gives you the same output strength by consuming lesser
amounts of power. Energy efficient motors use less
electricity, run cooler, and often last longer than NEMA
(National Electrical Manufacturers Association) B
motors of the same. Energy efficient electric motors
utilize improved motor design and high quality materials
to reduce motor losses, therefore improving motor
efficiency.
Difference Between STM & EEM
• The efficiency of a motor is defined as ratio of the output power delivered to the
input power absorbed. An EEM produces the same shaft output power, but uses
less input power than a standard efficiency motor. In Fig-1 an input power of
100 hp in standard pumping set is given and with this input, the output power
of 31 hp. Thus the efficiency of this standard pumping set is 31% .
• While in Fig-2 Energy efficient pumping set is presented and with the help of
this figure it can be calculated that for the output power of 31 hp only 43 hp of
input power is required so the efficiency of this energy efficient pumping set
becomes 72% [5].
Fig.1: Standard Pumping Set Fig.2: Energy Efficient Pumping Set

Efficency Of EEM
• Whatever input power that is not converted into output power due to losses taking
place in the motor as,
Stator Copper Loss 40%
Rotor Copper Loss 20%
Iron Loss 25%
Friction & Windage Loss 10%
Stray Loss 5%
• Every effort is made to reduce these losses and increase the efficiency.
Fig: Comparison between EEM & Fig: Comparision Of STM &

STM at 3 different ratings EEM at different loads
Need Of EEM
• EEM are of utmost importance in industrial as

well as agriculture sector.
• EEM are used when old motors are damaged
and need rewinding.
• Existing Motors are underloaded or overloaded.
• Protecting other devices.
Features of EEM
• Performance of EEM is better than STM under full partial and no load conditions
Due to higher efficiency, Is not only save energy in their own and contribute to
reduced demand but also energy in the cables and transformer that supply the
motor.
• EEM run cooler. As thermal stresses are low, cooling requirements are low. EEM's
bearings run about 10°c cooler than STM bearing. This doubles the insulation life
EEM' windings run 20°c cooler which increases insulation life by four times.
• As EEMs have lower losses their slip is smaller than the standard motor This small
slip causes them to have lower starting torque than the standard motor Therefore
EEM we not suitable for those applications where higher starting torque is required
• When slip is small, speed of the motor is high This higher speed causes more power
drawn by the motor s power increases with cube of the speed in some loads Due to
this, saving obtained due to use of EEM may be lost Some methods to reduce this
property may he employed for EEM
• Generally EEM operates at higher pf than the standard motor This results into low
losses Also out to be spent in the pf. correction is saved. Rarely EEM may have
lower p.f. than STM
• Starting current is more in case of an EEM than STM Because of this sometimes
short circuit protection may trp
Design of EEM to reduce losses
• Design criteria for EEM involves addition of more active magnetic

and conducting material, optimum design of slots, air gaps and
windings so as to achieve the maximum efficiency.
• Points considered while designing the EEM are:
▫ Core Losses
▫ Copper Losses
▫ Friction and Windage Losses
▫ Stray Losses
▫ Other Design aspects
Core Losses
• Core losses can be reduced by using high grade silicon steel. The silicon
content is upto 4%. The magnetic loss in watts per kg is very low. Silicon
content decreases hysteresis and eddy current loss. Eddy current loss is further
reduced by using very thin laminations for the core. Many standard motors use
24 gauge laminations. In EEM, thinner laminations like 26 gauge or 29 gauge
are used to reduce the core loss. By employing thinner laminations, core loss
reduction obtained is upto 10 to 25 %. There is a limit to this because, with the
reduction in the flux density, permeability reduces which increases the
magnetising current and reduces the p.f.
Copper Losses
• Stator winding is designed such that resistance is minimised. Stator
copper losses are reduced by increasing the copper section of wire which is
to be wound on the core. This reduces resistance and reduces I^2R losses.
Maximum utilisation of slots is done. Rotor copper losses are reduced by
increasing section of rotor bars and end rings. This results into motor
operation at lower temperatures
Friction and Windage Losses
• Friction in the bearing causes the friction loss. While ventilating
fan and other rotating elements in the motor cause windage loss.
In EEM, improved bearings are used to reduce the friction loss
and optimum design of fan reduces the windage loss. In EEM,
less heat is generated therefore fan size can be reduced to lower
the windage loss
Stray Losses
• Stray loss is a function of many design elements and
processing of the motor. These losses are minimises by careful
manufacturing process control i.e. careful selection of slot
numbers, tooth/slot geometry, air gap length etc.
Other Design Aspects
• Air gap between stator and rotor is optimised to reduce the magnetising
current and associated losses. This results into improved p.f. Class F or H
type insulation is provided which can withstand very high temperatures.
This results into cooler motor operation and requires less
maintenance.EEM may be provided in drip proof, totally enclosed, fan
cooled, explosion proof type enclosures. Generally, 30% increase in copper
and 20% increase in iron provides high efficiency in a motor.
Cost Benefit Analysis
• When a motor is designed to achieve high efficiency and high p.f., by using
more and better material, cost of the motor increases by 15 to 20% that of
the standard motor. This increase in the cost is due to more copper used,
higher grade laminations, longer core length, better insulating material etc.
Though cost of EEM is higher than the STM, EEM is preferred because
running cost of EEM is much less as compared to the standard motor for
any given load. In general in industry, annual motor consumption of
electricity is equivalent to 4 to 5 times its purchase price. In fact no energy
using appliance should be bought purely on the basis of capital cost when
there is a rise in the cost of the energy almost every year.
• PAYBACK PERIOD
 P.P= ( Extra cost of EEM/Total savings)
Advantages Disadvantages
• Higher Efficiency • Portability
• Saving In Running Charges • Initial Cost is more
• Cooler Operation • Speed Control
• Longer Life
Conclusion
• Though there are few limitations of EEM over STM, like 15 to 20%
increase in the cost, low starting torque etc., they are preferred over
standard motors because of numbers of advantages like higher efficiency,
saving in running charges, cooler operation, longer life etc. All these
merits overcompensate few demerits of EEM. Suitability of EEM for
particular application should not be overlooked. EEM should be
preferably installed for the applications where annual motor running is
minimum 1500 hours. If operating hours are less, saving is less and
payback period will be more. It is not suitable for the applications where
high starting torque is required like cranes, hoists etc. but it is very well
suited for the continuous duty, normal operation. At present, EEM's share
in the motor market is only 2% This should be increased to higher value.
Necessary steps by the Government bodies, active involvement by the end
users and manufacturers is must to fulfil the objective.

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Swami Keshvanand Institute of

• An energy efficient motor, simply put, is a motor that

Fig.1: Standard Pumping Set Fig.2: Energy Efficient Pumping Set

Fig: Comparison between EEM & Fig: Comparision Of STM &

• EEM are of utmost importance in industrial as

• Design criteria for EEM involves addition of more active magnetic

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