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    Biodiversity and Ecosystem: Sumaiya Afrin Soha BIO100

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    Nafees Hasan Chowdhury
    The document outlines a lecture on biodiversity and ecosystems, describing the six kingdoms of life differentiated by their cell structure and nutrition types, as well as the basis of biological classification. It also discusses ecology, explaining key concepts like habitats, niches, and how energy transfers between organisms through food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. Different ecosystems are defined by their dominant plants and linked together to form the biosphere.

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    Biodiversity and Ecosystem: Sumaiya Afrin Soha BIO100

    Uploaded by

    Nafees Hasan Chowdhury
    32 views26 pages
    The document outlines a lecture on biodiversity and ecosystems, describing the six kingdoms of life differentiated by their cell structure and nutrition types, as well as the basis of biological classification. It also discusses ecology, explaining key concepts like habitats, niches, and how energy transfers between organisms through food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. Different ecosystems are defined by their dominant plants and linked together to form the biosphere.

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    Lec-2

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    The document outlines a lecture on biodiversity and ecosystems, describing the six kingdoms of life differentiated by their cell structure and nutrition types, as well as the basis of biological classification. It also discusses ecology, explaining key concepts like habitats, niches, and how energy transfers between organisms through food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. Different ecosystems are defined by their dominant plants and linked together to form the biosphere.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views26 pages

    Biodiversity and Ecosystem: Sumaiya Afrin Soha BIO100

    Uploaded by

    Nafees Hasan Chowdhury
    The document outlines a lecture on biodiversity and ecosystems, describing the six kingdoms of life differentiated by their cell structure and nutrition types, as well as the basis of biological classification. It also discusses ecology, explaining key concepts like habitats, niches, and how energy transfers between organisms through food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. Different ecosystems are defined by their dominant plants and linked together to form the biosphere.

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    Lecture 2

    Biodiversity and
    Ecosystem
    Sumaiya Afrin Soha
    BIO100
    Lecture Outline

    ◆ Biodiversity
    ◆ Basis of classification
    ◆ Mode of nutrition
    ◆ Respiration
    ◆ Description of different kingdoms
    Difference between plant and animal cells
    ◆ Ecology and Ecosystem
    ◆ Habitats and niche
    ◆ Energy transfer through ecosystem
    Food chain and food web
    Big concept
    BIODIVERSITY???
    • The variety of life in the world or in a particular
    habitat or ecosystem
    • The number and variety of different organisms
    found in an area
    87,000,00
    Milllion species!!!!!!!
    6 Kingdoms
    Differentiated how?

    Cell
    Cell Type Morphology Organization Nutrition
    Mode of nutrition
    ◆ Autotrophs
    ◇ Producers
    ◇ Makes own food
    ◇ Using energy from
    sunlight
    ◇ Simple inorganic /
    organic matter 
    Complex Organic matter
    ◆ Heterotrophs
    ◇ Consumers
    ◇ Cannot make own food
    ◇ Acquires complex food
    from producers or other
    consumers
    Respiration
    Aerobic Anaerobic
    Basis of Classification
    Kingdom Cell Type Cell Feeding Type
    Organization
    Archaebacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Autotroph

    Eubacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Both

    Protista Eukaryote Most Unicellular Both

    Fungi Eukaryote Both Heterotroph

    Plantae Eukaryote Multicellular Autotroph

    Animalia Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotroph


    Archaea

    ◆ Oldest living organisms


    ◆ Carl Woose and George E. Fox
    (1977)
    ◆ Microscopic
    ◆ Lives in harsh / extreme
    conditions Figure: A volcanic hot spring is classed as an
    ◆ Volcanic vents, bottom of sea, extremophilic environment as the hot water
    hot springs temperature and often highly acidic, alkali or
    saline environment leads to it being a hostile
    ◆ Obligate anaerobes environment to most life
    ◆ Asexual reproduction, e.g.
    budding, binary fission
    Bacteria

    ◆ Microscopic
    ◆ Both good and bad
    ◆ 10million bacterial species
    (known/estimated)
    ◆ < 1% harmful (disease causing)
    ◆ Motile
    ◆ Several used in industrial
    processes
    ◆ Various shapes
    ◆ Mostly asexual reproduction, e.g.
    budding, binary fission Figure: a typical bacterial cell
    Protista

    ◆ Have membrane bound organelles


    ◆ Microscopic
    ◆ Some are pathogenic (Plasmodium
    causes Malaria)
    ◆ Motile
    ◆ Live in moist surrounding
    ◆ Highly diverse group
    ◆ Most decompose dead organisms
    ◆ e.g. Algae
    ◆ Follow both sexual and asexual
    modes of reproduction
    Figure: a typical protista cell
    Fungi

    ◆ Mostly multicellular, yeast is


    unicellular
    ◆ They feed on dead organic
    material’
    ◆ Several industrial use
    ◆ Many are pathogenic
    ◆ Non-motile
    ◆ Forms hyphae for growth
    ◆ Asexual reproduction
    through spores or budding ◆ Figure: a) different kinds of fungi; b)
    a typical fungal cell
    Plants

    ◆ All plants are multicellular


    ◆ Second largest kingdom with
    over 250,000 species
    ◆ All are autotrophs
    ◆ Have photosynthetic ability
    ◆ Have a cell wall
    ◆ Important for reducing
    Global Warming
    ◆ Follow both sexual and
    asexual modes of
    reproduction Figure: a typical plant cell
    Animals

    ◆ Largest kingdom with over 1 million


    species
    ◆ Have complex cells
    ◆ Members are found in the most diverse
    conditions
    ◆ All animals are multicellular
    ◆ They are heterotrophs
    ◆ Motile
    ◆ Follow a definite growth pattern
    ◆ Sexual reproduction
    Figure: a typical animal cell
    Animal vs. Plant cell
    Ecology
    the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their
    physical surroundings
    Ecosystem
    interacting organisms and their physical environment
    “
    ◆ The fundamental idea behind study of ecology is that all
    organisms are interdependent
    Polar ice Tundra
    Tundra

    Temperate grassland

    Tropical forest
    Tropical forest

    Tropical forest

    Savanna Desert
    Ecosystem

    ◆ Biotic and abiotic components of an


    ecosystem are linked together through
    nutrient cycles and energy flows
    ◆ Most ecosystems have defined
    boundaries but they also might merge
    into one another
    ◆ Different ecosystems together form the
    biosphere/ecosphere
    ◆ Terrestrial portion of the biosphere is
    subdivided into biomes, which are
    determined by the dominant plants
    found in them
    Habitat Niche

    ◆ A place in an ecosystem ◆ The position any species


    where an organism lives occupies within its habitat
    ◆ Many organisms occupy a ◆ An organisms role in a
    particular part of the total habitat
    habitat ◆ Includes an organisms
    ◆ Microhabitat interactions with the living
    ◆ Within each habitat there are and non-living environment
    populations ◆ No species no two species can
    ◆ Populations collectively form occupy the same ecological
    a community niche
    Energy flow through the ecosystem

    Decomposers Producers Consumers Repeat


    Food chain and Food Web

    ◆ A food chain is a way to show how energy is


    transferred through organisms in an ecosystem
    ◆ It shows the feeding relationship between different
    living things in a particular habitat
    ◆ Food chain is divided in several trophic levels
    ◆ Each trophic level in a food chain has lower energy
    than the previous level
    ◆ In any ecosystem, many food chains overlap to form a
    food web
    The End

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