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    D-Value, Z-Value, F-Value & 12-D Concept

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    Vivek Pandey
    1) The D value represents the time required to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (1 log cycle) at a specific temperature, with lower D values indicating greater thermal resistance. 2) The Z value represents the temperature change needed to alter the D value by a factor of 10 and can be used to calculate thermal processing requirements. 3) The F value, or lethality, represents the time needed at a reference temperature (121.1°C) to achieve a desired log reduction of a microbial population, with an F value of 12 (12D concept) required to reduce C. botulinum spores by 12 logs or 1012.

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    D-Value, Z-Value, F-Value & 12-D Concept

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Pandey
    765 views14 pages
    1) The D value represents the time required to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (1 log cycle) at a specific temperature, with lower D values indicating greater thermal resistance. 2) The Z value represents the temperature change needed to alter the D value by a factor of 10 and can be used to calculate thermal processing requirements. 3) The F value, or lethality, represents the time needed at a reference temperature (121.1°C) to achieve a desired log reduction of a microbial population, with an F value of 12 (12D concept) required to reduce C. botulinum spores by 12 logs or 1012.

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    1) The D value represents the time required to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (1 log cycle) at a specific temperature, with lower D values indicating greater thermal resistance. 2) The Z value represents the temperature change needed to alter the D value by a factor of 10 and can be used to calculate thermal processing requirements. 3) The F value, or lethality, represents the time needed at a reference temperature (121.1°C) to achieve a desired log reduction of a microbial population, with an F value of 12 (12D concept) required to reduce C. botulinum spores by 12 logs or 1012.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    765 views14 pages

    D-Value, Z-Value, F-Value & 12-D Concept

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Pandey
    1) The D value represents the time required to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (1 log cycle) at a specific temperature, with lower D values indicating greater thermal resistance. 2) The Z value represents the temperature change needed to alter the D value by a factor of 10 and can be used to calculate thermal processing requirements. 3) The F value, or lethality, represents the time needed at a reference temperature (121.1°C) to achieve a desired log reduction of a microbial population, with an F value of 12 (12D concept) required to reduce C. botulinum spores by 12 logs or 1012.

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    D-Value, Z-Value, F-Value & 12-D Concept

    By
    Dr. Abhishek Thakur
    (Assistant Professor)
    College of Fisheries, Kishanganj
    BASU, Patna
    Survival of Bacterial Spores during heat processing (Decimal
    Reduction)
    • Thermal destruction of bacteria or spores takes place in definite
    pattern.
    • Suspension of bacterial spores exposed to constant lethal temp.
    • Logarithms of the number of the surviving spores are plotted against
    time on linear scale (or the number of survivors in a log scale against
    time in linear scale) a straight line graph will be obtained.
    Thermal Death Rate Curve or Decimal Reduction Time
    Curve or Survival Curve
    • The slope of the curve _
    Decimal Reduction Time (D) or
    Death Rate.
    • D is equal to time in minutes
    required to reduce the number of
    survivors to one tenth of the
    original at a specified temperature.
    • Time required for the curve to
    traverse one log cycle.
    • D121˚C
    • Higher the load longer the time.
    D Value
    Organism D value min @ 121.1˚C
    • Bacillus Stearothermophilus 4-5
    • C. thermosaccharolyticum 3-4
    • Desulfotomaculum nigrificancs 2-3
    • Clostridium botulinum type A & B 0.1-0.25
    • C. sporogenes (P.A. 3679) 0.1 - 1.5
    • B. coagulans 0.01 - 0.07
    Thermal Death Time Curve
    • Thermal death time (TDT) time in minutes required to inactivate an
    arbitory chosen number of spores of a given bacteria at a specified
    temperature.
    • Thermal death time are plotted on log scale against corresponding
    temperature in linear scale.
    • Logarithms of death times can be plotted against corresponding
    temperature, both on linear scale.
    • A straight line graphs_ Thermal Death Time Curve (TDT curve)
    TDT Curve
    Z Value
    • The slope of the TDT curve is defined as “Z” which is equal to the
    number of degrees on the temperature scale when the curve traverse
    one log cycle.
    • Z is the change in temperature necessary to cause a ten fold change in
    D-value.
    • The value of Z for C. botulinum is 10˚C
    • Every 10˚C change in temperature there is a ten fold change
    In its death rate.
    • B. subtilis has Z value of 6.5˚
    F Value
    • Sterilizing value_ time in minutes required to kill an organism in a
    specific medium at 121.1˚C (TDT).
    • When the Z value of the process is 10˚C, F is denoted as Fo.
    • The unit of sterilization is Fo. Fo can be defined as the integrated
    heating effect received by all points inside the can.
    • Fo value of 1 is equivalent to holding the product at 121.1˚C for one
    minutes.
    F Value
    • Do for B. Stearothermophilus to be 5 min. & initial number (No) in the
    container to be 10,000, if it was required to reduce this number to one (Nt) in
    the heat process, four decimal reduction would be needed. The time at
    121.1℃ would be 4 x Do = 4 x 5 = 20 min. the number of decimal reductions
    required is given by

    • log No/Nt = logNo-logNt = 4-0 = 4

    • This log No/Nt some times refereed as “order of process” factor of “m” & the
    value of the product of m & Do is called “Process value” or “F value” i.e.
    Fo=mDo
    12- D Concept
    • Method of expressing process lethality requirement.
    • Most frequently bacteria found in low acid as well as medium acid
    food is C. botulinum which is having ability to produce a deadly lethal
    toxin in the food.
    • Therefore, the modern canning practices demands a reduction in C.
    botulinum spores by a factor of 1012 in such food.
    • This means that probability of survival spores must be reduce to one
    can in a billion (i.e., 1012).
    • Thus, if there were one spores of C. botulinum initially in the container.
    12- D Concept
    m = log No/Nt = log 1 – log 1012 = 12
    • Fo = m Do = 12 x 0.21 = 2.52 min
    • it is more correctly written
    •F
    C. botulinum

    121.1℃
    = 2.52 min.
    12- D Concept
    • D value of C. botulinum = 0.21
    • Factor of 1012 = 12 x 0.21 = 2.52 min

    t
    D=
    loga- log b

    t= time of heating
    a= initial number of spores
    b=number of survivors
    • Thank You

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