This document provides an overview of pavement design methodology and concepts. It discusses the evolution of pavement design from empirical to mechanistic-empirical approaches. Some key design approaches covered include Road Note 29, Road Note 31, the Asphalt Institute Manual, and the AASHTO Guide for Pavement Structures. The document also outlines fundamental pavement design parameters like the subgrade, loads, and environment. It describes characterizing the subgrade, quantifying traffic loads, and types of rigid pavements.
This document provides an overview of pavement design methodology and concepts. It discusses the evolution of pavement design from empirical to mechanistic-empirical approaches. Some key design approaches covered include Road Note 29, Road Note 31, the Asphalt Institute Manual, and the AASHTO Guide for Pavement Structures. The document also outlines fundamental pavement design parameters like the subgrade, loads, and environment. It describes characterizing the subgrade, quantifying traffic loads, and types of rigid pavements.
This document provides an overview of pavement design methodology and concepts. It discusses the evolution of pavement design from empirical to mechanistic-empirical approaches. Some key design approaches covered include Road Note 29, Road Note 31, the Asphalt Institute Manual, and the AASHTO Guide for Pavement Structures. The document also outlines fundamental pavement design parameters like the subgrade, loads, and environment. It describes characterizing the subgrade, quantifying traffic loads, and types of rigid pavements.
This document provides an overview of pavement design methodology and concepts. It discusses the evolution of pavement design from empirical to mechanistic-empirical approaches. Some key design approaches covered include Road Note 29, Road Note 31, the Asphalt Institute Manual, and the AASHTO Guide for Pavement Structures. The document also outlines fundamental pavement design parameters like the subgrade, loads, and environment. It describes characterizing the subgrade, quantifying traffic loads, and types of rigid pavements.
Empirical) Road Note 31 The Asphalt Institute Manual Series AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures ROAD NOTE 29 A guide to the structural design of Pavements for new roads …TRRL, UK 1960, 1970, Empirical Approach: study performance of experimental sections built into in-service road network Foundation soil CBR .. Upto 7 % Traffic.. Upto 100 Million Eq. Standard Axles Specification of material Design life..20mm rutting or severe cracking ROAD NOTE 29 Performance data interpreted in light of structural theory, mathematical modeling of pavement behavior, simulative testing of road materials and pavements The Structural Design of Bituminous Roads.. TRRL Laboratory Report 1132 published in 1984 Structural design criteria: 1) Critical stress and strain 2) Permissible strains induced by standard 40 KN wheel load at pavement temperature of 20o C ROAD NOTE 31 A guide to the structural design of bitumen- surfaced roads in tropical and sub-tropical countries ( Overseas Edition 1962,1966,1977) For traffic upto 30 msa in one direction, for >30 msa use TRRL 1132 with calibration to local conditions subgrade strength by CBR method 6 Sub-grade strength classes(2,4,7,14,29,30+) 8 Traffic classes (0.3.0.7,1.5,3.0,6.0,10,17,30) Design charts for 8 type of road base/surfacing material THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE (MS-1) Thickness Design-Asphalt Pavements for Highways and streets ( 1964,1981,1991) Initially developed from data of AASHO Road test Design charts in latest edition developed using DAMA elastic –layered pavement analysis program that modeled two stress strain conditions ( mechanistic based design procedure uses empirical correlations) Roadbed soil strength characterized by Mr AC by Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s ratio The design charts for 3 MAAT/ computer program for full depth asphalt concrete or with emulsified base/ untreated aggregate base are given AASHTO GUIDE FOR THE DESIGN OF PAVEMENT STRUCTURES
Approach : study performance of trial sections
constructed to a wide range of overall thickness round a close loop trafficked by repetitions of known axle loads Developed empirical model by regression analysis from data of ASSHO Road Test Interim guide 1961,1972, 1981 ASSHTO Guide for the design of Pavement Structures (1986,1993) AASHTO GUIDE…………..contd.
Performance period Roadbed soil resilient
Analysis period modulus Traffic ..Load Resilient modulus for Equivalence Values unbound material Reliability Elastic model for Standard deviation asphalt concrete Serviceability Layer co-efficient Drainage AASHTO GUIDE…………..contd.
1) Vertical ( compressive)stresses and strains 2) Shear stresses and strain 3) Radial ( compressive or tensile) stresses and strain Temperature induced responses: 1) Shrinkage stresses and strains ( temp: cycling) 2) Low temperature cracking 3) Thermal cracking PAVEMENT RESPONSES Critical responses: 1) horizontal tensile stress/strain at the bottom of bound layers 2) Vertical compressive stress/strain at the top of sub- grade
called distress models or transfer functions Models relate structural responses to pavement distress 1) Fatigue cracking Model 2) Rutting Model 3) Thermal cracking Model PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODELS
log εp = Cv + C1(log N) +C2 (log N)+ C3 (log N) Cv depends on temp and deviator stress C1, C2 are constants Sub-grade Rutting Model log εp = Cv + C1(log N) +C2 (log N)+ C3 (log N) Cv depends on moisture and deviator stress PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODELS
Thermal Cracking Model
1) Low temperature cracking 2) Thermal fatigue cracking 3) Models like that Shahin-McCullough model are quite complex , but examine both types of cracking. DESIGN PARAMETERS
Subgrade
Loads
Environment SUBGRADE Characterized by strength and/or stiffness ◦ California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Measures shearing resistance Units: percent Typical values: 0 to 20 ◦ Resilient Modulus (MR) Measures stress-strain relationship Units: psi or MPa Typical values: 3,000 to 40,000 psi
Picture from University of Tokyo Geotechnical Engineering Lab
SUBGRADE Some Typical Values
Classificatio CBR MR (psi) Typical Description n Gravels, crushed stone and sandy soils. GW, GP, GM, Good ≥ 10 20,000 SW, SP, SM soils are often in this category. Clayey gravel and clayey sand, fine silt soils. GM, GC, Fair 5–9 10,000 SM, SC soils are often in this category. Fine silty sands, clays, silts, organic soils. CL, CH, ML, Poor 3–5 5,000 MH, CM, OL, OH soils are often in this category. LOADS
Load characterization Tire loads Axle and tire configurations Load repetition Traffic distribution Vehicle speed LOAD QUANTIFICATION Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL) ◦ Converts wheel loads of various magnitudes and repetitions ("mixed traffic") to an equivalent number of "standard" or "equivalent" loads ◦ Based on the amount of damage they do to the pavement ◦ Commonly used standard load is the 18,000 lb (80 kN) equivalent single axle load Load Equivalency ◦ Generalized fourth power approximation
Using the 4th power approximation, determine the total
equivalent damage caused by this bus in terms of ESALs when it is empty. How about when it is full? TYPES OF RIGID PAVEMENT Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) TYPES OF RIGID PAVEMENT Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement (JRCP) TYPES OF RIGID PAVEMENT ContinuouslyReinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) Thanks
