Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative and Qualitative
Research
GO!
In the previous lessons, we learned that research should be
systematic, objective, feasible, empirical and clear. These
characteristics guide you in realizing the real nature of
research following the processes as well as the factors in
selecting your general problem or topic. As a researcher you
need to consider the ethics and unethical practices in
conducting research.
I. When to use Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
Quantitative data can Qualitative data adds the

details and can also give
help you see the big a human voice to your
picture. survey results.
II. Difference: Qualitative Research
versus Quantitative Research2
Objective
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
• It aims to create new theory • The purpose is to test a
based on the gathered data. hypothesis or theory.
• A fact-finding research • Measures problem using

used to gain understanding rating scale and other
of individual differences in research parameters of
terms of feelings and group similarities.
experiences.
Data Description
• natural setting • measurement setting
• making stories out of a • performs measures out
certain phenomenon. of a certain
• Uses pictures, words, phenomenon.
sentences, paragraphs, • Uses numbers, scales,
compositions, narrations hypotheses, calculations,
and short stories computations and
statistics tools.
Sample (size)
• Small judgment (by • Large sample
decision) sampling representatives of
population
Data Gathering
• Unstructured or semi structured • Standardized /Structured
(flexible processes)
• Uses interviews, participant • Uses census, survey questionnaire,

observation, group discussions. Ex: checklist, paper pencil test and
Case Study, field research experimentation.
• Uses open ended questions. It is a • Uses closed ended questions. This

freeform survey questions allow a questions can only be answered by
participant to answer in open-text selecting from a limited number of
format, responses are unlimited to a options, usually “multiple-choice”,
set of options. “yes or no”, or a rating scale
Data Gathering
Example: Guide questions for the interviews Example: Strongly agree to strongly disagree
• What was your experiences during • In quantitative research closed ended

quarantine period on the COVID-19 questions are the basis of all statistical
pandemic? How did you handle the analysis techniques applied on
situation caused by the pandemic? questionnaires and surveys.
• Was the support of the National and Sample Question:

Local Government enough for your basic • Do you agree on online modality class in
needs? Did they conduct evaluation for transitioning the new normal of
those who were affected? education?
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Disagree
d. Strongly disagree
Activities
Inductive Deductive
• The researcher starts with the • Starts from a hypothesis or already
observations, an open mind without created theory emphasizing the
biases, gathering all exact details of previously researched phenomenon
the topic and generalization or new from different views (tested against
theory is given towards the end of observations).
the research process.
Data discussions and
Presentation
Uses both inductive and deductive
They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research.
Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions from

the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean.
Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to the
lowest and highest means, deductive. Opinions are based on experience or
observation. There are no criteria used in data discussions. Opinions are based
Data Analysis
• Synthesize data, interpret, • Statistical
thematic.
• Subjective • Objective
• Data analysis is influenced by • The researcher employs

the personal experiences and standard criteria in analyzing
views. data.
Outcome
• Cultivates understanding • Endorse a development. Has
with high validity. high output replicability.
• There are no conclusions • Conclusion is formulated

formulated. towards the end of the
research process.
III. Similarities: Qualitative Research and
Quantitative Research
1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation

2. Both improve life and help us in understanding various
issues of life and in giving solutions to our problems
3. Both start with a problem and end with a new problem.
4. Both use textual forms in analyzing and interpretation of
data
5. Both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting
data.
THANK YOU!

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Quantitative and Qualitative

Quantitative data can Qualitative data adds the

• A fact-finding research • Measures problem using

• Uses interviews, participant • Uses census, survey questionnaire,

• Uses open ended questions. It is a • Uses closed ended questions. This

• What was your experiences during • In quantitative research closed ended

• Was the support of the National and Sample Question:

Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions from

• Data analysis is influenced by • The researcher employs

• There are no conclusions • Conclusion is formulated

1. Both have the process of inquiry and investigation

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