CAB - Data Processing File &records

Computer Applications
For Business
CES=> 2

BY:
To :
Pratham
Mrs. Sonal Singh Mam
Satvik
Rohit
Atishay
Deepak
Data Processing

 Data is collection of facts- unorganized but able to organized in
to useful information. Information is data arranged in an order. So
Data Processing is a series of actions and operations that convert
data into useful information. In the commercial world, data
processing refers to the processing of data required to
run organizations and businesses.
 Data is a collection of facts that can include personal data,

transaction data, web data, sensor data, and so on. Data processing
is conversion of raw data into meaningful information through
certain processes. Consider a scenario where you get different fares
for a cab booked online for the same destination at different times.
WHY DATA PROCEESING?

 The application analyzes the huge amount of data generated regarding
drivers, their vehicles, locations, and so on to predict the supply,
demand, location of the drivers to determine the fares that will be set
for each trip.

 Captured data may be in an incompatible format, structured or
unstructured from multiple sources. With the rapid growth in
information technology, organizations today can handle massive
volume of data in any form to provide meaningful reports.
 Proper data processing results in improved customer retention,

increased operational efficiencies, quality product development, and
gains a competitive advantage.
STEPS

 Collection
This is the first step in data processing which provides facts for input.
Depending on the type of business, data can be collected from various
sources such as day-to-day transactions, web data, sensor data,
and surveys among others. The quality and quantity of the data collected
is very important as it decides the output quality.
 Preparation
This step involves removing unwanted data by sorting and filtering the
data.
 Input
The collected data is validated and converted into machine-readable
form using a keyboard, digitizer, scanner, or data entry from an existing
source and fed into the machine (if not already in digital form) and then
converted into a format that the processing program expects.
Process
This step transforms the input data in to more meaningful information
through the business logic implemented in software programs. Today,
various data processing platforms are available, which have the power to
enable faster and more intelligent decisions and to create better
customer experiences.
Output
This is the step where processed information is presented to the user in
the form of printed reports, video, audio, or on screen. Output must
provide meaningful information to guide future decisions of any
organization.
Storage
The final step of data processing is to store the data and applications
for future use. Depending on the type of data, you can use specific
Relational Database Management Systems such as Oracle, SQL
Server, MySql, and so on. Alternatively, you can also use big data
solutions such as Hadoop.
Types of Data
Processing

1. Manual Data Processing:
This method of data processing involves human
intervention. The manual process of data entry
implies many opportunities for errors, such as
delays in data capture, as every single data field
has to be keyed in manually, a high amount of
operator misprints or typos, high labor costs from
the amount of manual labor required. Manual
processing also implies higher labor expenses in
regards to spending for equipment and supplies,
rent, etc.
 2. EDP (electronic data processing),

EDP an infrequently used term for what is today
usually called "IS" (information services or systems) or
"MIS" (management information services or systems),
is the processing of data by a computer and its
programs in an environment involving electronic
communication. EDP evolved from "DP" (data
processing), a term that was created when most
computing input was physically put into the computer
in punched card form or in ATM cards form and
output as punched cards or paper reports.
3.Real time processing:
In a real time processing, there is a continual
input, process and output of data. Data has to be

processed in a small stipulated time period (real time),
otherwise it will create problems for the system.
 4.Batch processing
In a batch processing group of transactions
collected over a period of time is collected, entered,
processed and then the batch results are produced.
Batch processing requires seperate programs for
input, process and output. It is an efficient way of
processing high volume of data.
Difference B/W
File & Record
FILE

 A file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings,
or commands used with a computer program. In a GUI (graphical user
interface), such as Microsoft Windows, files display as icons that relate
to the program that opens the file. For example, the picture is an icon
associated with Adobe Acrobat PDF files. If this file was on your
computer, double-clicking the icon opens it in Adobe Acrobat or
the PDF reader installed on the computer.
 It is considered as a sequence of bytes, the operating system supplies
routines that can read/write a specified number of bytes. file is a
sequence of records of the same type.

 A file is just a pointer to some grouped data on the disc.

 It could be any sort of file, not just databases (e.g. a
video file is still a file but may not be a database).
 Some databases use one file to store the entire database
(e.g. Access / Sqlite), others use one file per table (e.g.
Paradox), some have their indexes in separate file (e.g.
DBase3).
 You even get some which split the database in different
ways into various files (e.g. MySQL / Firebird).
Records

 File is a sequence of records of the same type. A record is a
sequence of data bytes together with control information
about the record's size and maybe some attributes.
 Records can exist in any storage medium, including main

memory and mass storage devices such
as magnetic tapes or hard disks. Records are a fundamental
component of most data structures, especially linked data
structures. Many computer files are organized as arrays
of logical records, often grouped into larger physical records
or blocks for efficiency.
 A record is a “line” in one table. Say the table is
something like client-contacts.
 A record in that table would be clientX, their email,

telephone, etc. The next record may be clientY with their
info.
 Usually a record is stored in the file into which the table
is stored - such that all its fields (those things like client
name, email, tel, etc.) are all following each other and
that each record is the same length.
 The tendency is to keep records the same length as one
another - makes finding any particular record much
faster and simpler. For varying lengths (e.g. a physical
address) it may be a pointer to some blob field
somewhere else in the same file or a different file.
Types Of File Format

Image File
Audio File
Video File
Text File

Users Of Computer
 1) ADMINISTRATOR
The “god level” unrestricted user who has the power to install and delete
applications, copy and delete files, even cause a massive system crash by
messing with the critical system files.
 2) STANDARD USER 
The regular Joe user who is able to install and delete applications, update
the system, but is otherwise unable to mess with the critical system files.
 3) GUEST
A restricted user that you can create for allowing a friend to access your
computer. Able to run the applications and maybe touch some files, but is
otherwise unable to install or delete anything.
 4) MILITARY & LAW ENFORCEMENT

Examples – Intelligence and crime analyst.
How do we know if a certain sicko will most likely strike? Welcome to
criminal science, where smart people use computers and past data to predict
the future.
 5) ENTERTAINMENT
Examples – Gamers, streamers, artists.
The gaming and entertainment industry is huge… It is so common these days to see

 6) ACADEMIC

people glued to the smartphone for gaming or watching videos.
Examples – Teachers and students.

Gone are the good old days where teachers write on chalkboards. Computers
simply offer a better way to teach with slides, images, and videos; Also a better way
to learn with illustrations and not a whole bunch of text.

 7) SCIENCE
Examples – Researchers and scientists.
To do all kinds of mad scientists calculations and simulations.

 8) COMMERCE
Examples – Cashiers, managers, analysts, office workers.
Computer users for the commerce section are so wide these days. To do office work,
manage customer orders, generate reports, monthly sales, warehouse management,
etc…

END

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Computer Applications

 Data is a collection of facts that can include personal data,

 Proper data processing results in improved customer retention,

 Records can exist in any storage medium, including main

 4) MILITARY & LAW ENFORCEMENT

Examples – Teachers and students.

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