Wax Up and Cervical Carving

Wax up and cervical carving
Presented by
B. Anna Poorani
2nd year postgraduate,
Department of Prosthodontics,
Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research .
Contents
• Introduction
• Polished surface of the complete denture.
• Importance of contouring the polished surface of dentures.
• Terminologies: Wax up and carving.
• Armamentarium and outline.
• Step by step procedure.
• Cervical carving.
• Characterization and its importance.
• Summary
• E. Wilfred Fish set forth his theory ,the effective sculpturing of the
polished surface of complete dentures. He explained that a complete
denture must not only fit the edentulous ridge, but that its concave
mechanical surface should also fit against the tongue, cheeks, and
lips.
Fish, E. W.: Principles of Full Denture Prosthesis, cd. 3, London, 1937, John Bale Medical Publication, Ltd.
POLISHED SURFACE OR CAMEO
SURFACE
• The portion or the surface of a denture
that extends in an occlusal direction from
the border of the denture which includes
the facial ,lingual and palatal surface .
IMPORTANCE OF POLISHED
SURFACE
Stability
• The force that stabilizes the polished
surface is the muscular contraction of the
tongue, and the buccinator, orbicularis
oris , and other muscles of the cheeks
and lips. The shape of this complex
surface as a whole determines whether
muscle movements will dislodge or
stabilize the dentures far more than the
outline of the border of the denture.
POLISHED SURFACE
• The polished surfaces of the denture
must exhibit a series of inclined planes in
relation to the muscles of the tongue and
cheeks. The palatal surface of the upper
denture looks inward and downward,
while the lingual surface of the lower
denture looks inward and upward .
ROLE OF MUSCULATURE
• The flanges of lower dentures should extend
under the fold of the buccinator muscle and
under the tongue to act as “handles” to hold
the denture in Place. The lower denture must
be narrow in the bicuspid region ,the region
of modiolus function j to avoid being lifted up
by the corners of the mouth and the
posterior teeth must not encroach on the
tongue posteriorly.
POLISHED SURFACE OF DENTURE
The lower denture will be unstable if: it is too
wide in the bicuspid region, the incisor teeth
are set so far labially that the lip causes the
denture to rise .
The molars encroach on the tongue, and the

buccal and lingual flanges in the molar region
are parallel so that the tongue and buccinator
muscle will not hold them down.
WAX - UP
The process of waxing and carving of the
wax to the shape and contour of trial
denture into the desired form.
REQUIREMENTS OF WAX -UP
• It should duplicate the soft tissue as accurately as possible.
• The border of both labial and lingual should extend till
vestibule.
• Notches should provide to accommodate the frenum both
size and direction.
• The contour of denture flange should be compatible with
the cheek and lip musculature.
• The contour of lingual flange should be compatible with the
tongues.
Armamentarium and outline.
• Lecron carver
• Ash 5 carver
• Wax knife
• Wax spatula
• Alcohol torch
• wax
Wax up
“Less is more.” Exaggerated carving and over contouring in the gingival
margin area may result in difficult to trim and also can be difficult for
the patient to keep clean.
Step by step procedure.
MAXILLARY TRIAL DENTURE
• Contour the wax carefully to prevent

movement of the teeth.
• Wax is softened and adapt to contours
of denture ,then trim wax in desired
contours around tooth .
Festooning 60
Festooning is defined as carving in the base

material of a denture that simulate the
contours of the natural tissues .
• Carver held at 60 degree for anterior teeth.
• Carver held at 45 degree for posterior teeth.
• Carver held at 20 degree for palatal surface
20
• Canine eminence.
Contour the wax above the canine
tooth to simulate the canine eminence , the
waxed eminence should blend into peripheral
border .
• Root prominence .
The prominence should not be as
definite as the canine eminence and should
fade out before the border is reached.
Interdental papilla
The rules for forming the papilla were given by Frush J.P.
a- The papilla must extend to the point of tooth contact

for cleanliness.
b- The papilla must be of various lengths.
c- The papilla must be convex in all directions.
d- The papilla must be shaped according to the age of
the patient.
e- The papilla must end near the labial face of the tooth,
and never slope inward to terminate toward the lingual
portion of the interproximal surface.
• The palatal surface of maxillary
denture should be waxed to a
uniform thickness of 2.5 mm.
• After the wax has been
contoured, smooth it by flaming.
• Another important area that
requires attention is that of the
tuberosity cheek pouch.
Rugae
• Palatal rugae play a very important
role in phonetics.
• Hand wax carving of anatomic
palate palatal stamp or custom-
made for each patient
J Indian Prosthodont Soc (Apr-June 2013) A
Simple Method for Palatal Rugae Carving in Complete
Dentures Vasantha Vijayaraghavan • P. Chandni
MANDIBULAR TRIAL DENTURE
• Wax the lingual flange of the
mandibular denture thickly
enough to full all depressions and
to slop down from the necks of
the teeth and inward toward the
tongue.
• Carve at angle 45 degree –
gingival margin.
• The lower denture periphery thickness
should not exceed 2 mm in the area of the
mylohyoid line.
• At this point there is no permanent outer
seal, only an inner seal.
• Stippling of the wax: orange peel
effect, produces a very pleasing result.
• Disadvantage of stippling - is that it

produces a denture which is more liable
to contamination by calculus deposits.
Posterior palatal seal
• Procedure of carving the posterior palatal
seal area
A V-shaped groove (1-1.5 mm) depth is
carved into the cast at the location of the
bead. A large sharp scraper is used to carve
it passing through the hamular notches and
cross the palate of the cast.
FACE LIFTING EFFECT
• This refers to the bulking out of the denture base to restore the facial
contour which may have lost its support due to atrophy of the maxilla.
• The corrected contouring is subsequently transposed to denture base
acrylic denture.
CHARACTERIZATION DURING WAX
UP
• Internal Characterization of Denture Base by Using Acrylic Stains and
Tissue Paper –Seema Pattnaik and Bikash Pattnaik. The journal of
Prosthodontic society in 2011.
Conclusion
• The ultimate objective of prosthodontics is to restore form, function,
and esthetics.
• Transferring the details of the soft tissue onto the cameo surface of
the denture, have a significant role in improving the phonetics ,
stability of denture of the patient.
Reference
• Rudd and marrow
• Nathan h. Raybin, d.D.S.The polished surface of complete dentures
• Frank j. Schiesser, jr., B.S., D.D.S.”The neutral zone and polished
surfaces in complete dentures
• Fish, E. W.: Principles of Full Denture Prosthesis, cd. 3, London, 1937,
John Bale Medical Publication, Ltd.

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Wax up and cervical carving

The molars encroach on the tongue, and the

MAXILLARY TRIAL DENTURE

• Contour the wax carefully to prevent

Festooning is defined as carving in the base

a- The papilla must extend to the point of tooth contact

• Disadvantage of stippling - is that it

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