ORIENTATION JAW RELATION

Dr Aswitha G
1st year PG
Dept of Prosthodontics
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CO NT ENTS
• Maxillomandibular relations and records
• Classification of maxillomandibular relations
• Orientation jaw relation
• Facebow
• Parts of facebow
• Facebow record
• Facebow transfer
• Indications
• Advantages

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MAXILLOMANDIBULAR RELATIONS
AND RECORDS
MAXILLOMANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIP
Any spatial relationship of the maxillae to the mandible; any one of the infinite relationships
of the mandible to the maxillae (GPT 9)

MAXILLOMANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIP RECORD

A registration of any positional relationship of the mandible relative to the maxillae (GPT 9)

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CLASSIFICATION OF
MAXILLOMANDIBULAR RELATIONS

Orientation
jaw relation

Horizontal Vertical jaw

jaw relation relation

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 ORIENTATION VERTICAL RELATIONS HORIZONTAL RELATIONS
RELATIONS Establish the degree of jaw Establish the anteroposterior
These establish the relationship separation or vertical height of and side-to-side relationships of
of the maxilla to the cranium the face the jaws

Vertical relation
(dimension) at Centric relations
rest

Eccentric relations
Vertical relation
• Protrusive
(dimension) in
• Lateral
occlusion

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ORIENTATION JAW RELATION
•It establishes the relationship of the maxilla to
the base of the skull or cranium
•Basically, it establishes the angle or tilt of the
maxilla in three references planes
•The mandible moves against a fixed maxilla and
to accurately reproduce mandibular movements,
it is necessary to establish and record the tilt of
the maxilla

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• To record the angulation of the maxilla, a plane should be formed with at least two
posterior referenced and one anterior reference

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• As the mouth opens and closes in CR, the movement of the condyles in the initial
stages of opening and final stages of closing is a rotational movement in the
horizontal axis, following an arc of circle.
• The axis of rotation or arc passes through the centre of both the condyles.
• The condyles are centered in the glenoid fossa during this rotational movement
• If the centre of condylar rotation can be determined, it will correspond to the two
posterior reference points to form a plane for maxilla
• A third reference point located anteriorly in the maxilla – infraorbital notch or
nasion – will complete the plane

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• The instrument that is used to record the
centre of condylar rotation along with a third
reference point, thereby forming a plane to
record the orientation relationship of the
maxilla to the cranium is called FACEBOW

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FACEBOW
DEFINITION
A caliper-like instrument used to record the spatial relationship of the maxillary
arch to some anatomic reference point or points and then transfer this relationship
to an articulator; it orients the dental cast in the same relationship to the opening
axis of the articulator. Customarily, the anatomic references are the mandibular
condyles, transverse horizontal axis and one other selected anterior point; also called
hingebow. (GPT 9)

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TYPES OF FACEBOW
• Arbitrary facebows
• Ear piece type
• Facia type
• Kinematic/ hinge facebows

The arbitrary facebow determines the approximate centre of rotation of

condyle while the kinematic facebow establishes the centre accurately

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ARBITRARY FACEBOW
DEFINITION
A device used to relate the maxillary cast to the condylar elements of an
articulator using average anatomic landmarks to estimate the position of the
transverse horizontal axis on the face
(GPT 9)

• Also called ‘average axis facebow’.

• It is the most commonly used facebow and is preferred for complete denture
construction.

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• The hinge axis (transverse horizontal axis) is approximately located. It positions
the rods within 5 mm of the true centre of rotation of condyle.
• This method does not locate the true hinge axis, but the clinical impact of this
inaccuracy is minimal and will lead to a mild error in the occlusion, which can be
adjusted during insertion of the complete dentures.

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CLASSIFICATION
○ Earpiece type (ear bow):
In this type, the external auditory meatus is
considered as reference point to determine the
centre of condylar rotation. The condyles are
located at an approximate distance in front of the
meatus and this is compensated for in the
articulator by mounting the facebow behind the
condylar centre. This type of facebow is easier to
manipulate clinically.

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○ Facia type:
In the facia type of facebow, the centre of
condylar rotation is arbitrarily marked as 13
mm anterior to the middle of the tragus of the
ear, on a line drawn from the outer canthus of
the eye to the middle of the tragus of the ear –
canthotragal line. The condylar rods of the
facebow are placed on this point. Unlike the
earpiece type, this facebow is mounted by
placing the condylar rods at the centre of the
condyle in the articulator.

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KINEMATIC FACEBOW
DEFINITION
A facebow with adjustable caliper ends
used to locate the transverse horizontal axis
of the mandible (GPT 9)

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• It locates the true (exact) centre of condylar rotation or transverse horizontal axis.
• It is preferred in full mouth reconstructions.
• It usually requires a fully adjustable articulator.

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• The condylar rods are first positioned arbitrarily similar to facia type of facebow at
a point 13 mm anterior to the auditory meatus on the canthotragal line.
• The patient is instructed to make opening and closing movements in CR. The
opening should not be greater than 12 mm as then the condyle will then begin to
translate instead of rotating.
• The position of the condylar rod is shifted around the arbitrary mark until it shows
pure rotation. This is the centre of condylar rotation. This point is marked, the
condylar rods are locked, the facebow assembly is removed and mounted on an
appropriate articulator.

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PARTS OF A FACEBOW

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1. U-shaped frame
• It is a U-shaped metallic frame, to which all
the other components of the facebow are
attached
• It extends from the TMJ of one side to the
TMJ of the other side, at least 2–3 inches
anterior to the face to avoid contact

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2. Condylar rods
• These are two calibrated metal extensions fitted on either side of the free end of
the U-shaped frame that are placed on the determined centre of condyle
• The calibrations on either side are equalized (to centre the facebow) and then
locked.

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3. Bite fork
• It is a U-shaped rod which is attached to the
maxillary occlusal rim while recording the orientation
jaw relation
• It is attached to the frame with the help of a metal rod
called the ‘stem’.
• The bite fork should be inserted about 3 mm above
the occlusal surface into the occlusal rim.
• Sometimes the bite fork is attached to the occlusal
surface of the occlusal rim with the help of impression
compound. This is done in order to preserve the
occlusal rim.

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4. Locking devices
There are three locking devices:
• Locking clamp for bite fork: It
attaches the bite fork to the U-
shaped frame.
• Locking clamp for orbital pointer
pin: Locks the orbital pin onto the
U-shaped rod.
• There is another locking screw for
the condylar rods.

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5. Orbital pointer pin
• It helps in marking the anterior reference point
• It is adjusted after marking the anterior reference point on the patient. This enables
the transfer of the third reference point.

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FACEBOW TRANSFER
The procedure of transferring the orientation of the maxilla to the articulator
involves:
• Facebow record
• Facebow mounting

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FACEBOW RECORD

The bite fork shaft should

be at the left of
patient’s midline
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Bite fork
assembly

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The bite fork clamp is slid
onto the shaft

Open the bow by pulling outward on the

arms and then swing it down into position,
placing an earpiece gently into each
external auditory meatus.

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Have the patient adjust the
facebow into a comfortable
position.

The infra orbital notch is

located and marked.

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The pointer is rotated
toward the reference
mark

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The bow is secured
with one hand while
the thumbscrews on
the assembly with
the other hand.

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The thumbscrews are
tightened in order

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Rotate the orbital
pointer away from
the eye.
Have the patient
remove the earpieces
from the auditory
meatus

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FACEBOW TRANSFER

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Horizontal condylar
inclination

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Lateral condylar
inclination

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Centric locks

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■ Attach the
mounting guide /
platform to the
lower member of
the articulator

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Place the vertical
transfer rod of the
facebow assembly
into the hole at the
front of the
mounting guide and
secure it by a screw

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Carefully seat the
maxillary cast on the
bite fork.
Mounting of the
maxillary cast is
done.

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INDICATIONS OF FACEBOW

Balanced occlusion is desired.

Cusp form teeth are used.

Interocclusal check records are used.

Full mouth rehabilitation

Diagnosis & treatment planning.

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ADVANTAGES
•Reduce errors in occlusion.

•More accurate programming of articulator.

• Supports the cast while mounting on the articulator.

•Assist in correctly locating the incisal plane

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