2 - CH2 Network Models

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Chapter 2

Network Models

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LAYERED TASKS

We use the concept of layers in our daily life. As an


example, let us consider two friends who communicate
through postal mail. The process of sending a letter to a
friend would be complex if there were no services
available from the post office.

Topics discussed in this section:


Sender, Receiver, and Carrier
Hierarchy

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Tasks involved in sending a letter

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THE OSI MODEL
Established in 1947, the International Standards
Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to
worldwide agreement on international standards. An ISO
standard that covers all aspects of network
communications is the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model. It was first introduced in the late 1970s.

Topics discussed in this section:


Layered Architecture
Peer-to-Peer Processes
Encapsulation

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OSI model
 The purpose of OSI model is to show how
to facilitete communication b/w different
devices without requiring changing
hardware.
 OSI Model it is model of understanding
and designing a network architecture
 ISO is organization OSI is a model “ set
of protocols”

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Seven layers of the OSI model

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Layer Architecture
 Peer- To Peer Processes

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The interaction between layers in the OSI model

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An exchange using the OSI model

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LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL

In this section we briefly describe the functions of each


layer in the OSI model.

Topics discussed in this section:


Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Session Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer

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Physical layer

The physical layer is responsible for movements of


individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.

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Data link layer

The data link layer is responsible for moving


frames from one hop (node) to the next.

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Hop-to-hop delivery

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Network layer

The network layer is responsible for the


delivery of individual packets from
the source host to the destination host.

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Source-to-destination delivery

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Transport layer

The transport layer is responsible for the delivery


of a message from one process to another.

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Reliable process-to-process delivery of a message

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Session layer

The session layer is responsible for dialog


control and synchronization.

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Presentation layer

The presentation layer is responsible for translation,


compression, and encryption.

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Application layer

The application layer is responsible for


providing services to the user.

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Summary of layers

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