JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Technical seminar on,

“SMART SENSING MONITORING AND DAMAGE
DETECTION FOR CIVIL STRUCTURES ”

Under the guidance of,

Mr.Bhuvan kumar, M.Tech
Asst.Professor
Student details,
Dept of civil Engineering
Vishwas P G
JNNCE, Shimoga
(4JN17CV109) ,
VIII sem, B sec
 Contents

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Aim statement
• Theoretical problem
• Proposed Methodology
• Implementation details
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion
• Future scope
• References
 Abstract

In this recent research and application activities on smart sensing, monitoring,

and damage detection for civil infrastructures are briefly introduced. First, the
state of the art in smart sensors technology is reviewed including optical fiber
sensors, piezoelectric sensors, and wireless sensors. Then, a brief overview is
given to the recent advances in the structural monitoring/damage detection
techniques such as ambient vibration-based bridge health evaluation,
piezoelectric sensors-based local damage detection, wireless sensor networks
and energy harvesting, and wireless power transmission by laser/optoelectronic
devices. Finally, recent collaborative R&D activities on smart structure
technologies in Korea are discussed, which have been carried out on test-road
bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and railroad bridges, sharing the up-to-date
information and promoting the smart sensors and monitoring technologies for
applications to civil infrastructures.
 Intro and Overview

• The world’s population depends on an extensive

infrastructure system
− Roads, sewers, highways, buildings
• The infrastructure system has suffered in past years
− Neglect, deterioration, lack of funding

Global Infrastructure Crisis

 Introduction and Overview 1

• Factors leading to the extensive degradation…

Unsatisfactory inspection and

Factor #1
monitoring of existing infrastructure

Problems become apparent only when

Consequences
structures are in dire need of repair

Result Repair costs become comparable to

replacement costs
 Introduction and Overview 1
Factors Leading to Degradation

Factor #2 Corrosion of conventional steel

reinforcement within concrete

Expansion of steel leads to

Consequences cracking and spalling, further
deterioration

Reductions in strength and

serviceability resulting in need
Result
for repair and/or replacement
 Introduction and Overview
Factors Leading to Degradation

Increased loads or design requirements

Factor #3
over time (e.g. heavier trucks)

Increased deterioration due to overloads or

Consequences to structural inadequacies resulting from
design

Structures deemed unsafe or unserviceable and

Result
strengthening or replacement is required
 Introduction and Overview
Factors Leading to Degradation

Factor #4 Overall deterioration and/or aging

Various detrimental effects on

Consequences structural performance, both safety
and serviceability

Need for repair, rehabilitation,

Result
strengthening, or replacement
 Introduction and Overview
• Why replace with same materials and methodologies?
SHM FRP

New and innovative materials and monitoring tools that

prolong the service lives of structures while decreasing costs
 Literature review
1. Tomonori Nagayama and Billie F.Spencer, Jr.NSEL Report Series
Report No. NSEL-001 November 2007
The research detailed in this report has established a framework for structural
health monitoring on a network of smart sensors. This framework has been
experimentally verified on networks of Imote2s, resulting in the realization of the
first hierarchical smart sensor network for structural health monitoring. The
structural health monitoring (SHM) system has essential features, such as
scalability to a large number of smart sensors,promising damage detection
capability, and autonomous operation. The software developed under this research
effort is open-source and is available at: http://shm.cs.uiuc.edu/.
 Literature review
2. Billie F. SPENCER Jr., Manuel RUIZ-SANDOVAL2, Narito KURATA3
Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 1-6, 2004,Paper No. 1791
This paper provided a brief introduction to smart sensing technology, identifying a
number of the opportunities, as well as some of the associated challenges. Smart
sensors based on the Mote paradigm will provide the impetus for development of the
next generation of structural health monitoring systems, opening new horizons for
research and development. Multi-agent system technology offers a computational
framework for new algorithms implementation.
 Literature review
3. Danish Zaman, Amir Ali, Ayush Singh,Greater Noida,Uttar Pradesh, (India)
International journal of Advance Research in Science and Engineering,
vol.No.5, Issue No.03,March 2016 The most recent and innovative applications
concern of possible interaction among earthquake early warning,
structural health monitoring and structural control. However, unlike traditional seismic
monitoring, an event driven monitoring system is not useful: continuous condition
assessment and performance-based maintenance of civil infrastructures are necessary in
order to assess the short-term impact due to earthquakes and the long-term deterioration
process due to physical aging and routine operation.
 Literature review
4. Soojin Cho1, Chung-Bang Yun2, Jerome P. Lynch3, Andrew T.
Zimmerman,Billie F. Spencer Jr., and Tomonori Nagayama the University of
Michigan, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.(2008) This
paper presents a review of the current state-of-art in the smart wireless sensor
technology. The subsystems of a smart wireless sensor are discussed, and available
wireless sensor platforms developed in the academia and industries are reviewed. Then
three smart wireless SHM systems developed by the present authors are applied to
SHM of various types of civil structures in this study.
 Literature review
5. C. Jr. Arcadius Tokognon, Bin Gao, Senior Member, IEEE, Gui Yun Tian,
Senior Member, IEEE, and Yan Yan IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS
JOURNAL, VOL. 4, NO. 3, JUNE 2017 In order to provide a framework for
SHM implementation,this paper intended to give a survey of current technologies on
IoT paradigm. It can be seen that the choice of wireless technologies, which address
SHM system deployment based on IoT, is extremely large. As IoT is a technology
that is in trend, a myriad of technologies is being developed to meet all the
requirements from IoT community. A number of solutions for IoT communications of
SHM have been proposed in recent years to connect net device, which is able to
sense and collect useful information.
 AIM

• The overall objective of SHM is to ensure a satisfactory

performance of the structural system in its present condition.

• There can be a slack-down time in infrastructure growth under

economic recession during which investment towards
maintenance may become important.
 AIM

• Under the expected rise in the repair and retrofit segment in the near
future, construction industries should be prepared with methods, strategies
and technological skills to carry out repair.

• One of the main objectives of SHM is to fulfil the necessity of a disaster

prevention mechanism.
 Theoretical Background

In time-based maintenance approach, the maintenance process is proposed to be

carried out at specific intervals of time, irrespective of the current state of the system. If a
member fails in between, then it has to be replaced. Such interventions shall increase the
downtime of the system if the repair operation requires sufficiently longer lead time. This
type of process includes tradeoff between the cost and the risk, which arises as a
consequence of the damage.
 Theoretical Background

This shall also account for unexpected variations in load

and environmental conditions that prevail on the structure. Most
of the private and a few government industries show interest in
detecting damages in their developed products and manufacturing
infrastructure, so that damages can be detected at the earlier stages
of process/production. Such detection requires intensive use of SHM,
which is motivated by potential life-safety and economic impact of
this technology.
 Methodology
• Ideal SHM system:
 Information on demand about a structure’s health
 Warnings regarding any damage detected
• Development of a SHM system involves utilizing information
from many different engineering disciplines including…

Computers Materials Communication

Structures
Intelligent Processing
Data Collection
Damage Detection
Sensors
 Methodology
Typical System

Data Processing
Sensor
System
System

Self-healing
Simulation Model

Maintenance
Prognosis
Scheduling
Health Evaluation
System
Life Prediction
Model
 Results and discussion

Beddington Trail Bridge

Calgary, AB, opened 1993

1st bridge in Canada with

prestressed CFRP tendons
and integrated FOS sensors

SHM system was required

due to innovative design

FOS still performing well

 Results and discussion
Beddington Trail Bridge

System Performance and Results

• In 1999 the integrity of carbon FRP tendons was
verified and no significant changes in structural
behaviour were observed
• 18 of the original 20 FBG sensors were still functional
• Plans exist to conduct further testing after 10 years of
service
 Results and discussion

The Confederation Bridge

Northumberland Strait,
Canada

Opened to traffic in 1997

World’s largest pre-stressed

concrete box girder bridge
over salt water

Extensively instrumented for

SHM
 Results and discussion
Confederation Bridge

System Performance and Results

• An important aspect of this SHM project was the
robustness of sensors:
– During construction → Some sensors damaged
during the construction phase of the project (care is
required)
– During service → A comprehensive report on the
performance of sensors is underway and should be
available shortly
 Conclusion

Structural Health Monitoring

Provides the civil engineering community with a

suite of options for monitoring, analysing, and
understanding the health of our infrastructure
systems

Provide essential tools to engineers who must

take steps to improve the sustainability of
infrastructure systems
 Future scope

SHM is increasingly seen as an important tool

in the maintenance of sustainable
infrastructure systems
Ongoing advancements are expected,
emerging technologies include:
→ Smart Composites
→ Live Structures
 Future scope

Smart Composites
Composites (e.g. FRP) with sensors embedded inside that provide
information about the condition of the structural component

Muscle/Member Analogy:
Muscles have nerve cells Smart composites have
embedded in them that provide sensors inside that provide
information to the brain about information about the structural
the conditions of the muscles members’ condition
 Future scope

Live Structures
• Represent the cutting edge of civil engineering
design and analysis
• Live structures are capable of:
– Sensing loads, deformations, and damage
– Correcting and countering the load effects
• Presently structures are largely theoretical
• Accomplished using emerging self-actuating
materials
 References

ISIS Educational Modules

MEMSCON project approach
THANK YOU