1) Multiple activity charts record the related sequence of work of multiple operators and/or machines on a common time scale. They show the interrelationship between activities.
2) An example chart shows the activities of a man and machine over time. The man's activities include removing a finished casting, cleaning, gauging, and placing in a box. The machine's activities include idling and cutting slots.
3) Analysis of the example chart found the man had 60% working time utilization and the machine had 40% working time utilization, with an overall cycle time of 2 minutes. An improved method chart showed reduced idle times through simultaneous activities.
1) Multiple activity charts record the related sequence of work of multiple operators and/or machines on a common time scale. They show the interrelationship between activities.
2) An example chart shows the activities of a man and machine over time. The man's activities include removing a finished casting, cleaning, gauging, and placing in a box. The machine's activities include idling and cutting slots.
3) Analysis of the example chart found the man had 60% working time utilization and the machine had 40% working time utilization, with an overall cycle time of 2 minutes. An improved method chart showed reduced idle times through simultaneous activities.
1) Multiple activity charts record the related sequence of work of multiple operators and/or machines on a common time scale. They show the interrelationship between activities.
2) An example chart shows the activities of a man and machine over time. The man's activities include removing a finished casting, cleaning, gauging, and placing in a box. The machine's activities include idling and cutting slots.
3) Analysis of the example chart found the man had 60% working time utilization and the machine had 40% working time utilization, with an overall cycle time of 2 minutes. An improved method chart showed reduced idle times through simultaneous activities.
1) Multiple activity charts record the related sequence of work of multiple operators and/or machines on a common time scale. They show the interrelationship between activities.
2) An example chart shows the activities of a man and machine over time. The man's activities include removing a finished casting, cleaning, gauging, and placing in a box. The machine's activities include idling and cutting slots.
3) Analysis of the example chart found the man had 60% working time utilization and the machine had 40% working time utilization, with an overall cycle time of 2 minutes. An improved method chart showed reduced idle times through simultaneous activities.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 38
Work Study – Method Study
Examples Work Study
2 Recording Techniques in Method study
C harts Diagrams Charts Indicating indicating Process with a time scale movements Sequence Multiple Outline Flow activity chart process chart D iagrams
Flow process Simo chart String
chart D iagram Man type chart P.M.T.S. C ycle chart Material type chart Graph C hrono-cycle Machine type chart Graph Two -Handed process chart Travel Chart 20 Process Chart Symbols 1.Operation
Indicates the main steps in a process, method or procedure.
Usually the part, material or product concerned is modified or changed during the operation.
2.Inspection
Indicates an inspection for quality and / or check for quantity
3.Transport
Indicates the movement of workers, materials or equipment
from place to place
4 4.Temporary Storage or Delay
Indicates a delay in the sequence of events : for example, work waiting
between consecutive operations, or any object laid aside temporarily without record until required.
5.Permanent Storage
Indicates a controlled storage in which material is
received into or issued from a store under some form of
authorization; or an item is retained for reference purposes.
6.Combined Activities
Indicates a Two symbols may be combined when two activities are
performed concurrently operation and inspection. 5 23 Outline Process Chart Definition: An outline process chart is a process chart giving an overall picture by recording in sequence only the main operations and inspections. ➢While preparing the outline process chart we use Symbols of Operation and Inspection ➢A brief note of the nature of each operation is made beside the symbol ➢In an outline process chart, only the principal operations and the inspections carried out are recorded to ensure effectiveness
7 Example: Outline process chart of plywood manufacture is given
8 FLO W PRO C ESS C H A RT
Definition: ➢Flow process charts are graphic representations of the sequences of operations, transportation, inspections, delays and storages occurring during a process or a procedure and include information considered for analysis such as, time required and distance moved.
➢To develop an understanding how a process or work
happening and clearly documenting how a particular job is done, in addition of that mapping a process in flow chart format helps us where the process can be improved.
9 Types of Flow Process Charts Material or product type. Man type. Machine type or equipment.
Material or product type
flow process chart:- Records what happens to the material or product i.e. the changes the material or product undergoes in location or condition (includes operation and transportation).
Man type process flow process chart:-
Records the activities of worker or operator i.e. what a worker or operator does. In this type of chart usually storage term is not applicable. the manner in which a machine or an equipment is 27 STA N DA R D FORMATS USED FOR FLOW PROCESS CHART
Company LOG O 28 Man type flow process chart Job:- Writing a letter using a shorthand typist
12 Example: Collection of materials from store (Man Type)
13 Material type flow process chart
14 Machine type flow process chart
15 Material Type - Example
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 16
Man Type - Example
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 17
Two Hand Process Chart
Two-Handed Flow Process Chart, is a motion
study where the study is done to analyse the motions used by the worker in performing an activity. In this chart the activities of a worker’s hands (or limbs) are recorded in their relationship to one another. A Two-Handed Process Flow Chart individually shows the movement of each hand in a manual process. It is typically used for repetitive operation when analyzing a manual assembly process, to help make it easier to perform. 35 Two Hand Process Chart
Operation An operation occurs when the hand grasps,
releases or assembles tool, material, component etc.
Transport Transport occurs when the hand moves from one
position to another at the work place.
Delay Delay occurs when the hand is Idle in the sense
that it is not performing any activity.
Hold The term storage is not used in connection with
the two handed process chart. Instead the symbol is re designated as hold. A hold occurs when the hand holds an object so that the other hand may be able to do something to that object.
Inspection This symbol is not generally used in this.
19 Standard format of a Two-handed process flowchart
20 Fig. 1. Example of a Two-handed process flowchart Fixing Screw on a Assembly
Company LOG O 41 Two Handed Chart (An Example)
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 22
MULTPLE ACTIVITY CHART
Definition: A Multiple activity chart is a form of process chart recording the related sequence of work of a number of operators and/or machines on common time scale. In it, the activities of more than one item, worker, machine or equipment are recorded on a common time scale to show their inter relation ship. ➢Multiple Activity Charts are very useful tool for understanding the flow of work in a cyclic process and as a consequence understanding which resource is controlling the overall progress of the work.
➢The tool can be used to model different scenarios to determine the
optimum mix of resources for the work.
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 23
Example on Man Machine Chart (Present Method)
TIME MAN MACHINE TIME
(MIN) (MIN) 0.2 Remove finished casting IDLE 0.2 cleans with compressed air 0.4 Gauge depth of slot on IDLE 0.4 surface plate 0.8 PLACE in a box obtains IDLE 0.8 new casting 1.0 Cleans machine with IDLE 1.0 compressed air 1.2 Locates castings in IDLE 1.2 fixture, starts machine 1.4 IDLE Cutting slot 1 1.4 1.6 IDLE Cutting slot 2 1.6 1.8 IDLE Cutting slot 3 1.8 2.0 IDLE Cutting slot 4 2.0 24 EXAMPLE ON MAN MACHINE CHART (Summary of Present method)
CYCLE TIME(MIN)= 2.0
Man – Working Idle Time Utilizatio
Machine Time (min.) n (min.) (%)
MAN 1.2 0.8 60%
MACHINE 0.8 1.2 40% 25 Example on Man Machine Chart (Improved Method)
TIME MACHINE TIME
MAN (MIN) (MIN) 0.2 REMOVED FINISHED CASTING IDLE 0.2 CLEANS WITH COM PRESED AIR
0.4 CLEAN MACHINE WITH
IDLE 0.4 COMPRESED AIR
0.6 LOCATEES A NEW CASTING IN A
IDLE 0.6 FIXTURE START MACHINE
0.8 BREAKS SHARP EDGES WITH CUTTING 0.8
FILES CLEANS WITH SLOT 1 COMPRESSED AIR
1.0 GAUGE DEPTH OF SLOT ON CUTTING 1.0
SURFACE PLATE SLOT 2 1.2 PLACES CASTING IN A BOX PICKS CUTTING 1.2 UP NEW CASTING AND PLATE BY SLOT 3 MACHINE 1.4 IDLE CUTTING 1.4 SLOT 4
26 EXAMPLE ON MAN MACHINE CHART (Summary of Improved method)
CYCLE TIME(MIN)= 1.4
Man – Working Idle Time Utilizatio
Machine Time (min.) n (min.) (%)
MAN 1.2 0.2 85.7%
MACHINE 0.8 0.6 57.0% 27 COMPARISION BETWEEN PRESENT AND IMPROVED METHOD
CYCLE MAN IDLE
TIME MACHINE TIME(MIN) (MIN) IDLE TIME ( MIN) PRESENT 2.0 0.8 1.2 METHOD IMPROVED 1.4 0.2 0.6 METHOD
28 Man-machine chart
The worker and machine process chart (Man-machine
chart) is used to study, analyze, and improve one workstation at a time. The chart shows the exact time relationship between the working cycle of the person and operating cycle of the machine. These facts can lead to utilization of both worker and machine time, and a better balance of the work cycle.
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 29
Worker-Machine Chart for a Gourmet Coffee Store
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 30
Worker-Machine Chart for a Gourmet Coffee Store
The customer, the clerk, and the coffee grinder (machine) are involved in this operation. It required 1 minute and 10 seconds for the customer to purchase a pound of coffee in this particular store. During this time the customer spent 22 seconds, or 31 percent of the time, giving the clerk his order, receiving the ground coffee, and paying the clerk for it. He was idle during the remaining 69 percent of the time. The clerk worked 49 seconds, or 70 percent of the time, and was idle 21 seconds, or 30 percent of the time. The coffee grinder was in operation 21 seconds, or 30 percent of the time, and was idle 70 percent of the time. February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 31 Activity Chart for Two-Person
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 32
Activity Chart of Emergency Tracheotomy
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 33
Flow Diagrams A flow diagram is essentially a flow process chart drawn to: 1. Show the layout of a facility. 2. Show the flow of work through that area 3. Show overcrowding areas, crossing worker paths, total travel. 4. Identify how layout can be redesigned to reduce travel, motion, collisions, etc. 5. Store materials near where they are used. 6. Increase efficiency and safety. Usually, the objective is to look for spatial relationships. It depicts the probable movement of materials in the floor plant. The movement is represented by a line in the drawing. plant February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 34 Flow diagram ➢It’s a top view of the work area correctly indicating the positions of machining and other locations affecting the movement of subject. ➢Therefor it gives “on-the-spot observation” of the paths of movement of product sometimes using symbols of process
78 Flow Diagram (Cont.)
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 36
STRING DIAGRAM STRING DIAGRAM We make use of flow diagram for recording the movement of men or material when the movement is simple and the path is almost fixed. But when the paths are many and are repetitive, it may not be possible to record them in a flow diagram. Here a string diagram is used. String diagram is a scaled plan of the shop. Location of machines and various facilities are drawn to scale in a drawing sheet. Pins are fixed at the various work centres in the drawing sheet. A continuous coloured thread or string is taken round the pins where the material or worker moves during the process.
February 9, 2015 Lab # 6: Method Study 37
STRING DIAGRAM Constructions 1. Draw the layout of the shop to scale in a drawing sheet. 2. Mark the various work centres like machines, stores, work bench etc. in the diagram. 3. Hold the drawing sheet on a soft board and fix pins at the work centres. 2. Tie one end of a coloured string to the work centre from which the movement starts. 2. Follow the path of the worker to different work centre and accordingly take the thread to different points on the drawing board. 6.At the end of the session note down the number of movements from one work centre to another. 6.Remove the string and measure the total length of the string. Multiply by the scale and get the actual distance of movement. Applications 1. It is used for recording the complex movements of material or men. 2. Back tracking, congestion, bottlenecks, under utilized paths are easily found out. • It is used to check whether the work station is correctly located. 2. Used to record irregular movements. • Used to find out the most economical route
