BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard
90.1-2010 Power and Lighting
1
April 2011 – PNNL-SA-79907
BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU
 Compliance
Power

Building System Compliance Options

Prescriptive
Envelope
Option

Mandatory
HVAC
Provisions Trade Off
Energy Code
(required for most Option Compliance
SWH compliance
options)
Power Energy Cost
Budget
Lighting

Other Simplified

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Section 8
Power

 Low-Voltage Dry Type Distribution Transformers

 New Buildings
 Additions
 Alterations
 Mandatory Provisions
 Voltage drop
 Automatic receptacle control
 Submittals

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Section 8 – 8.1.2
Low Voltage Dry-Type Distribution Transformers

 Comply with the Energy Policy Act of 2005

 If not included in scope of EPAct 2005, then no requirements
Exceptions
 If meet EPAct 2005 exclusions based on NEPA TP-1:
 Special purpose applications
 Not likely in general purpose applications
 Have multiple voltage taps where highest tap is ≥ 20% more than
lowest tap
 Some specific products are listed

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Section 8 – 8.1.3 – 8.1.4
New Buildings and Additions to Existing Buildings

 Equipment installed in new buildings or additions to

existing buildings must comply

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Section 8 – 8.1.5
Alterations to Existing Buildings

 Alterations to equipment or systems must comply with

requirements applicable to those specific portions of the
building and systems being altered
 New equipment installed as a direct replacement of
existing equipment must comply with requirements for
that equipment
Exception
 Not required for relocation or reuse of existing
equipment at the same site

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 Section 8 – 8.4.1
Voltage Drop

Two types of conductors

 Feeder conductors
– Connect service equipment to the branch circuit breaker panels
– 2% maximum voltage drop allowed at design load
 Branch circuit conductors
– Run from the final circuit breaker to the outlet or load
– 3% maximum voltage drop allowed at design load
 These are more stringent than non-enforceable requirements in
the National Electric Code (NEC)
Exception
Feeder conductors and branch
circuits dedicated to
emergency services

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 Section 8 – 8.4.2
Automatic Receptacle Control

≥ 50% of all 125 volt 15- and 20-amp receptacles (including

those in modular partitions) must be controlled by an
automatic control device in these space types
Private offices
Open offices
Computer classrooms
Exceptions
Receptacles designated for equipment requiring 24 hr
operation
Spaces with security or safety concerns

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 Section 8 – 8.4.2
Automatic Receptacle Control, con’t

Automatic control devices must function on:

 Time-of-day controller provided to control ≤ 25,000 ft2 and not more than
one floor
 Occupant sensor to turn off receptacles within 30 minutes of occupant
leaving the space
 Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is
unoccupied

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 Section 8 – 8.7
Power Submittals

Owner gets information about the

building’s electrical system
 Record drawings of actual installation
within 30 days
– Single-line diagram of electrical
distribution system
– Floor plans showing location and
areas served for all distribution
 Manuals
– Submittal data stating equipment
rating
– O&M manuals for equipment
– Qualified service agency
– Complete narrative of system as it’s
normally intended to
operate

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Compliance
Lighting

Building System Compliance Options

Prescriptive
Envelope
Option

Mandatory
HVAC
Provisions Trade Off
Energy Code
(required for most Option Compliance
SWH compliance
options)

Energy Cost
Power
Budget

Lighting
Simplified

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Basic Lighting Requirements

Mandatory Interior Exterior

Requirements Lighting Power Lighting Power
(Interior and + Limits + Limits
Exterior)
Tradable
Interior
Total

Controls
Connected
Power
< Lighting
Power Exemptions
Allowance
Non-
Switching Tradable

Exemptions Building Area

Efficiency Total
Exterior
OR
Space-by-Space
Connected
Power
< Lighting
Power
Allowance

Additional Allowances
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Section 9
Lighting

 General Application (Section 9.1)

• Scope
• Lighting Alterations
• Installed Interior Lighting Power
• Luminaire Wattage

 Compliance Path(s) (Section 9.2)

 Mandatory Provisions (Section 9.4)

• Lighting control
• Exit signs
• Exterior building lighting power
• Functional testing

 Building Area Method Compliance

Path (Section 9.5)

 Alternative Compliance Path: Space-

by-Space Method (Section 9.6)

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 Section 9
Lighting General Scope

 Interior spaces of buildings

 Exterior building features
 Exterior grounds lighting powered
through building
Exceptions
– Emergency lighting
– Lighting required by life safety statute
– Lighting within dwelling units of
buildings
– Decorative gas lighting

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 Section 9
Lighting General Scope - Alterations

 Applies to these retrofits:

 where luminaires are added, replaced, or removed
 lamp plus ballast
 Requires BOTH interior and exterior alterations to
comply with LPD and basic after hours automatic
shutoff requirements

Exception:
Spaces where alterations involve < 10% of
connected lighting load

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 Section 9
Interior Lighting Power

Lots of exemptions (next page)

Calculation methods
 Building area
 Space-by-space

Trade-offs of interior lighting power allowance aren’t

allowed when both allowed methods are used in different
portions of the building

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 Section 9
Lighting Power Allowance Exemptions

 Theatrical, stage, film, and video  Exit signs

production
 Medical and dental procedures  Sale or lighting educational
 Exhibit displays for museums, demonstration systems
monuments, and galleries  Lighting for television broadcasting in
 Plant growth or maintenance
sporting activity areas
 Integral to equipment or
instrumentation installed by  Casino gaming areas
manufacturer
 Integral to both open and glass-  Furniture-mounted supplemental task
enclosed refrigerator and freezer lighting controlled by automatic
cases shutoff and complying with 9.4.1.4(d)
 Retail display windows, provided the
display is enclosed by ceiling-height  For use in areas specifically designed
partitions for occupants with special needs
 Food warming and food preparation including visual impairment and other
equipment medical and age-related issues
 Interior spaces specifically designated
as registered interior historic  Mirror lighting in dressing rooms and
landmarks accent lighting in religious pulpit and
 Integral part of advertising or choir areas
directional signage
 Parking garage transition lighting
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 Section 9
Building Area Method of Calculating
Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Used for projects involving

 An entire building
 A single, independent, and separate occupancy in a multi-
occupancy building

Gross lighted area is multiplied by allowance from Table 9.5.1

Limitations
 Insensitive to specific space functions and room configurations
 Generally is more restrictive
 When a specific building type isn’t listed, “selection of a reasonably
equivalent type” is permitted

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 Section 9 - Table 9.5.1
Building Types

Part of Table 9.5.1

Lighting Power
Building Type
Density (W/ft2)

Automotive Facility 0.82

Convention Center 1.08
Court House 1.05
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 0.99
Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 0.90
Dining: Family 0.89
Dormitory 0.61
Exercise Center 0.88

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 Section 9
Gross Lighted Area

Sum of total lighted area of a

building
 Measured from the exterior faces
of the exterior walls or from the
centerline of walls separating
buildings, but excluding a long list
of uses. (See Standard).

Used in the building area method

of determining interior lighting
power allowance

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 Section 9 – 9.6.1
Space-by-Space Method of Calculating
Interior Lighting Power Allowance

 Divide gross lighted area of the building into each of

the space types
 Calculate lighting power allowance by multiplying area
of space type by lighting power density for that specific
space type
 Sum all the allowances
 Advantages
– More flexible
– Applicable to all building types
– Accounts for actual room areas (e.g., lighting needs of
enclosed office vs. open office)

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 Section 9 – 9.6.1
Space-by-Space Method of Calculating
Subspaces

 If a space has multiple functions and more than one

space type applies
 Break space into smaller subspaces, using space types from Table 9.6.1

Exceptions
 If any subspace is < 20% of original space and < 1000 ft2,
don’t need to break it out separately
 Include area of balconies and other projections when calculating

 When calculating spaces and subspaces, limits of the

area defined by
 centerline of interior walls
 dividing line between subspaces
 outside surface of exterior walls

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 Section 9 – 9.6.1
Space-by-Space Method of Calculating
Interior Lighting Power Allowance

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Added LPD Adjustment – 9.6.3

Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for relief in unusual spaces

• Use only when applying the space by space method

• Calculate the Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for the empty room:
RCR = 2.5 x Room Cavity Height x room perimeter length
room area
(Room Cavity Height = Luminaire mounting height – Workplane)

• If RCR is greater than the RCR threshold for that space type, a
20% increase is allowed
• For corridor/transition spaces, this adjustment is allowed when
less than 8 feet wide, regardless of the RCR

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Added LPD Adjustment

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Added LPD Adjustment

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 Section 9 – 9.6.2
Prescriptive Additional Interior Lighting Power

An increase in the lighting power allowance

is allowed for specific space functions when
using the space-by-space method.
Applications must be automatically
controlled, separately from the general
lighting, to be turned off during non-
business hours
 Decorative luminaires in addition to the
general lighting at 1.0 W/ft2
 Retail display lighting
 Advanced controls

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9 – 9.6.2
Retail Display Lighting

Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance = 1000 watts +

(Retail Area 1 x 0.6 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 2 x 0.6 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 3 x 1.4 W/ft2) +
(Retail Area 4 x 2.5 W/ft2),
Where:
Retail Area 1 = the floor area for all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or 4.
Retail Area 2 = the floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and
small electronics.
Retail Area 3 = the floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics
and artwork.
Retail Area 4 = the floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal, and china.

Exception
Other merchandise categories may be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4 above,
provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power
based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the
authority having jurisdiction.

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9 – 9.6.2
Advanced Controls Incentive

If all mandatory control requirements are met for a space

AND advanced controls are installed in that space, THEN
additional limited lighting power is allowed:
Additional power can be used anywhere in the building
Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance is calculated as
Lighting Power Under Control x Control Factor

Partial Table 9.6.2 Control Factors Used in Calculating Additional Interior Lighting Power Allowance

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.1.3
Lighting General

Installed Interior Lighting Power shall include all power used

by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, transformers,
and controls
 Exception: in the case where there are two independently
operated lighting systems that are controlled to prevent
simultaneous operation
– Include only the higher wattage system

Luminaire Wattage for various systems shall be determined

in accordance with details in Section 9.1.4

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9 – 9.1.4
Luminaire Wattage

 Line voltage luminaires without ballasts or transformers = max.

labeled wattage of the luminaire
 Luminaires with ballasts or transformers = wattage of the
maximum lamp/auxiliary combination OR max. labeled
wattage of the luminaire
 Except when adjustable ballast factors (base on ballast factor to be
used in the space provided ballast factor isn’t user changeable)
 Line voltage track = actual wattage with a min. 30 W per foot
OR wattage limit of system’s circuit breaker OR wattage limit
of other permanent-current-limiting device(s) on the system
 Low voltage track = transformer wattage
 All others as specified on equipment

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 - 9.4.1
Mandatory Automatic Shutoff

Automatic lighting shutoff control device required

EXCEPT:
 Lighting for 24-hour operation
 Patient care spaces
 Areas with safety or security concerns

Compliance options:

Control lights on a scheduled basis (automatic time switch)

 Time-of-day controller
 Controls ≤ 25,000 ft2 and not more than one floor

Occupant sensor
 Turn lights off within 30 minutes of occupant leaving the space

Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is

unoccupied
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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9.4.1.1
Application of Automatic Shutoff

Intent is to apply to business entities or structures where

whole building control is practical

Example application:
 Strip mall – individual business unit

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 Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Mandatory: Individual Space Control

 At least one for each room or space enclosed by ceiling-

height partitions
– To have at least one control step between 30% and 70% (inclusive)
of full lighting power in addition to all off
• Exceptions:
– Lighting in corridors, electrical/mechanical rooms, public lobbies,
restrooms, stairways, and storage rooms
– Spaces with only 1 luminaire with rated input power < 100W
– Space types with lighting power allowance of < 0.6 W/ft2
– in spaces ≤ 10,000 ft2, each control serves 2,500 ft2 maximum and
in spaces > 10,000 ft2, serves 10,000 ft2 maximum
 Readily accessible to occupants
 Override of any time-of-day control for
no more than 2 hours
 Remote location is allowed to
accommodate areas where safety
or security is a concern

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Mandatory Individual Space Control

Additional control required for

 Display/accent lighting
 Case lighting
 Task lighting
 Nonvisual lighting
 Demonstration lighting
 Stairwell lighting

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Mandatory Individual Space Controls

Occupancy sensors are required in:

 Classrooms and lecture halls
 Conference, meeting, and training rooms
 Employee lunch/break rooms
 Storage and supply rooms between 50 ft2
and 1000 ft2
 Rooms used for document copying and
printing
 Office spaces < 250 ft2
 Restrooms
 Dressing, locker, and fitting rooms
Exceptions:
– Spaces with multi-scene control systems
– Shop and lab classrooms
– Areas with safety or security concern
– Lighting required for 24 hour operation

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Mandatory Additional Space Controls

Guestroom lighting must be controlled

at room entry
•Suites must be controlled at entry to
each room or primary entry
•Bathrooms controlled to automatically
turn off lighting within 60 minutes of
occupant leaving space
– Exception: night lighting not > 5W

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.4.1.2
Mandatory Additional Space Controls

Stairwells
• Automatic reduction control for lighting in enclosed
stairwells to
– Automatically reduce lighting power in any control zone by at
least 50% within 30 minutes of all occupants leaving the zone

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.4.1.3
Parking Garage Lighting Control

Parking garage lighting to be automatically controlled, including

daylighting
•Must reduce lighting power by minimum of 30% when no activity
detected for no more than 30 minutes within a lighting zone ≤
3,600 ft2
•Daylight transition zone lighting
– Controlled separately to automatically turn on lighting during
daylight hours and off at sunset
•Automatically reduce power in response to daylight for
luminaires within 20 ft of any perimeter wall that has
– a net opening to wall ratio of ≥ 40% and
– no exterior obstructions within 20 ft
Exceptions
•Daylight transition zones and ramps without parking are exempt
from 30% reduction and daylight control
•Applications using HID of 150W or less or induction lamps are
exempt from 30% reduction
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Section 9 – 9.4.1.3
Parking Garage Lighting Control

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.3
Parking Garage Lighting Control

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Daylight Zone Definition – Under Skylights

© 2010, ASHRAE, ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010, Figure 3.1

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Daylight Zone Definition – Under Rooftop Monitors

© 2010, ASHRAE, ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010, Figure 3.2 43

BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

Section 9 – 9.4.1.4
Automatic Daylighting Controls for
Primary Sidelighted Area

© 2010, ASHRAE, ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2010, Figure 3.3 44

BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9 – 9.4.2
Mandatory Exit Signs

Limited to 5 watts per face

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9.4.5
Exterior Lighting Power

Exterior Building Lighting Power must meet

prescribed wattage limits.
Exterior applications divided into 2 categories:

• Tradable: allowed wattage may be traded

among these applications
• Non-Tradable: allowed wattage cannot
be traded between surfaces or with other
exterior lighting

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BUILDING ENERGY CODES UNIVERSITY www.energycodes.gov/BECU

 Section 9.4.5
Exterior Lighting Power Zones

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 Section 9
Tradable Exterior LPDs

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 Section 9 – 9.4.3
Exterior Building Lighting Power

 The total exterior lighting power allowance is the sum of

the base site allowance plus individual lighting power
densities [LPD]….
 Trade-offs are allowed only among “Tradable Surfaces”
applications
 Some exemptions apply

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 Section 9 – 9.4.3
Exterior Lighting Power Exemptions

The following are exempt when equipped with separate controls :

 specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with
transportation;
 lighting that is integral to advertising signage or directional signage;
 lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed
by its manufacturer;
 lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film, and
video production;
 lighting for athletic playing areas;
 temporary lighting;
 lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites,
and associated storage areas;
 theme elements in theme/amusement parks;
 lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered
historic landmark structures or buildings;
 lighting for hazardous locations;
 lighting for swimming pools and water features;
 searchlights.

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Section 9 – 9.4.1.7
Mandatory Exterior Lighting Control

• Lighting must turn off when there is sufficient daylight

• Building façade and landscape lighting must be shut
off between
– midnight or business closing (whichever is later) and
– 6am or business opening (whichever comes first) OR
– times established by AHJ
• Power for other lighting (incl. advertising signage) to
be automatically reduced by at least 30%
– From midnight or within 1 hour of end of business
operations (whichever is later)
– Until 6am or business opening (which is earlier) OR
– During any period when no activity has been detected for a
time no longer than 15 minutes

Exceptions
 Covered vehicle entrances
 Exits from buildings or parking structures
(where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation)

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Section 9 – 9.4.4
Functional Testing

• Functional testing (calibrated/adjusted/programmed) of

lighting control devices and systems required within 90
days of occupancy
– Must be performed by individuals NOT involved in design,
manufacture, or installation
– For occupant sensors, time switches, programmable controls, or
photosensors:
• Verify all performance criteria is met
• Confirm occupant sensor time-out and sensitivity settings
• Confirm timers and programs set to turn lights off
• Confirm photosensor controls effectively control electric lighting in
response to daylight

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 Section 9 – 9.7
Submittals

 Record drawings, to include for each piece of lighting

equipment:
 Location
 Luminaire identifier
 Control
 Circuiting
 Operation and maintenance manuals

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