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    Elements of Aeronautics Notes

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    SMARAK PRADHAN
    The document discusses the key parts of aircraft and their classification. It describes the main components of an airplane as the wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gears, control surfaces, and engines. It then classifies aircraft based on wing configuration (position, number), control surfaces, landing gear, power plants (type, number, location), fuselage shape, and purpose (civil, cargo, military). The document also discusses flight control surfaces, airfoils, forces of flight, atmospheric properties, powered controls, and basic aircraft instruments.

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    Elements of Aeronautics Notes

    Uploaded by

    SMARAK PRADHAN
    80 views37 pages
    The document discusses the key parts of aircraft and their classification. It describes the main components of an airplane as the wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gears, control surfaces, and engines. It then classifies aircraft based on wing configuration (position, number), control surfaces, landing gear, power plants (type, number, location), fuselage shape, and purpose (civil, cargo, military). The document also discusses flight control surfaces, airfoils, forces of flight, atmospheric properties, powered controls, and basic aircraft instruments.

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    The document discusses the key parts of aircraft and their classification. It describes the main components of an airplane as the wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gears, control surfaces, and engines. It then classifies aircraft based on wing configuration (position, number), control surfaces, landing gear, power plants (type, number, location), fuselage shape, and purpose (civil, cargo, military). The document also discusses flight control surfaces, airfoils, forces of flight, atmospheric properties, powered controls, and basic aircraft instruments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    80 views37 pages

    Elements of Aeronautics Notes

    Uploaded by

    SMARAK PRADHAN
    The document discusses the key parts of aircraft and their classification. It describes the main components of an airplane as the wings, fuselage, empennage, landing gears, control surfaces, and engines. It then classifies aircraft based on wing configuration (position, number), control surfaces, landing gear, power plants (type, number, location), fuselage shape, and purpose (civil, cargo, military). The document also discusses flight control surfaces, airfoils, forces of flight, atmospheric properties, powered controls, and basic aircraft instruments.

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    You are on page 1of 37

    ELEMENT OF AERONAUTICS

    111305
    PARTS OF AEROPLANE

    THE IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN AROPLANE

    • WINGS
    • FUSELAGE
    • EMPENNAGE
    • LANDING GEARS
    • CONTROL SURFACE
    • ENGINES
    PARTS OF AEROPLANE
    AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
    1. CLASSIFICATION BY CONFIGURATION

    • POSITION OF THE WING


    – LOW WING
    – MID WING
    – HIGH WING
    • NUMBER OF WINGS
    – MONO PLANE
    – BI PLANE
    – TRI PLANE
    • SHAPE OF THE WINGS
    – DELTA WING
    – DIAMOND WING
    – SWEPT WING
    – GULL SHAPED WING
    • POSITION OF THE WINGS
    – CONVENTIONAL WING
    – NO TAIL OR TAILESS
    – HORIZONTAL TAIL LOCATED AOVE THE VERTICAL TAIL
    – CANARD TYPE
    AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

    2. LOCATION AND TYPE OF LANDING GEAR


    – RETRACTABLE
    – NON RETRACTABLE
    – TAIL WHEEL
    – NOSE WHEEL
    AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS
    3. CLASSIFICATION BY POWER PLANTS
    A. POWER PLANT TYPES
    • PISTON ENGINE
    • TURBO PROP
    • TURBO SHAFT
    • TURBO JET
    • TURBO FAN
    • ROCKET
    B. NUMBER OF ENGINES
    • SINGLE ENGINE
    • TWO ENGINE
    • MULTI ENGINE
    C. LOCATION OF THE ENGINES
    • NOSE
    • FUSELAGE
    • JET ENGINE SUBMERGED IN WING
    • PYLON MOUNTING
    AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

    4. TYPES OF FUSELAGE
    – ROUND
    – SQUARE
    – OVAL
    AIRCRAFT : CLASSIFICATION AND PARTS

    5. CLASSIFICATION BY PURPOSE
    A. CIVIL
    B. CARGO
    C. MILITARY
    I. BOMBERS
    II. FIGHTERS
    III. INTERCEPTORS
    FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACE
     PRIMARY GROUP
    • AILERON
    • ELEVATOR
    • RUDDER
     SECONDARY GROUP
    • TRIM TAB
    • SPRING TAB
     AUXILIARY GROUP
    • WING FLAPS
    • SPOILERS
    • SPEED BRAKES
    • LEADING EDGE FLAP
    • SLOTS
    AILERON
    • Longitudinal axis extends lengthwise from the nose through the
    tail. Movement about the longitudinal axis is called roll.  Roll is
    controlled by the ailerons.
    ELEVATOR
    • Lateral axis extends crosswise from wingtip through wingtip.
    Movement about the lateral axis is called pitch. Pitch  is controlled
    by the elevator.
    RUDDER
    • Vertical axis passes vertically through the center of gravity (when
    the aircraft is in level flight). Movement about the vertical axis is
    called yaw. Yaw is controlled by the rudder.
    AIRCRAFT ENGINES
    DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES ARE

     PROPELLER WITH PISTON ENGINE


     JET ENGINE
    • TURBOPROP
    • TURBOFAN
    • TURBOJET
    • RAMJET
     ROCKET ENGINE
    TURBOPROP
    PUSHER
    TURBOFAN
    TURBOJET
    TURBOJET WITH AFTERBURNER
    ROCKET ENGINE

    LIQUID FUEL

    SOLID FUEL
    AIRFOIL
    AN AIRFOIL IS A SURFACE DESIGNED TO OBTAIN A
    DESIRABLE REACTION FROM THE AIR THROUGH
    WHICH IT MOVES
    AIRFOIL GEOMETRY

    • CHORD LINE
    • MEAN CAMBER LINE
    • ANGLE OF ATTACK
    • ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
    FOUR FORCES OF FLIGHT
    DRAG

    • DRAG IS THE RESOLVED COMPONENT OF


    THE COMPLETE AERODYNAMIC FORCE
    WHICH IS PARALLEL TO THE FLIGHT
    DIRECTION (OR RELATIVE ONCOMING
    AIRFLOW).
    • IT MUST ALWAYS ACT TO OPPOSE THE
    DIRECTION OF MOTION.
    • IT IS THE UNDESIRABLE COMPONENT OF
    THE AERODYNAMIC FORCE WHILE LIFT IS
    THE DESIRABLE COMPONENT
    TYPES OF DRAG
    DRAG POLAR
    TOPICS TO BE COVERED

    •Why should we study properties of


    atmosphere?
    •Variation of Temperature with Altitude
    • Variation of Pressure with Altitude
    •Variation of Density with Altitude
    •Tables of Standard Atmosphere
    Why should we study
    Atmospheric Properties
    • Engineers design flight vehicles, turbine
    engines and rockets that will operate at various
    altitudes.
    • They can not design these unless the
    atmospheric characteristics are not known.
    • For example,
    L
    CL 
    1
    V S
    2

    2
    What is a standard
    atmosphere?
    • Weather conditions vary around the globe, from
    day to day.
    • Taking all these variations into design is
    impractical.
    • A standard atmosphere is therefore defined,
    that relates fight tests, wind tunnel tests and
    general airplane design to a common reference.
    • This common reference is called a “standard”
    atmosphere.
    Powered Controls
    May take one of two basic forms:
    • Servo-assisted
    – Hydraulic pressure transmitted to servo actuator
    which assists mechanical linkage to move
    surface.
    – Linkage still available if power is lost but system
    then very heavy to operate.
    • Fully power-operated
    – Control signals transmitted hydraulically,
    electrically (fly-by-wire) or optically (fly-by-light).
    AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
    INTRODUCTION
    • HISTORY
    – THE VERY FIRST AIRCRAFT HAD LITTLE TO NO
    FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
    – ALL WEATHER FLYING WAS RISKY
    – NAVIGATION DEPENDED ON PILOT’S ABILITY TO
    USE LANDMARKS
    AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS

    • FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
    • ENGINE INSTRUMENTS
    • NAVIGATION AND COMMUNICATION
    INSTRUMENTS
    THE COMMON FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

    – ALTIMETER
    – AIRSPEED INDICATOR
    – VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR
    – HEADING INDICATOR
    – ATTITUDE INDICATOR (“ARTIFICIAL
    HORIZON”)
    – TURN COORDINATOR
    AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION
    TRUSS
    MONOCOQUE
    SEMI MONOCOQUE
    THANK YOU

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