Line Coding V2

LINE CODING
MODULATION AND CODING TECHNIQUES

LINE CODING
 A line code is the code used for data
transmission of a digital signal over a
transmission line. this process of
coding is chosen to avoid overlapping
and distortion of signal such as inter
symbol interference
Binary to Digital Signal
1 1 0 1 1 0
A+
0
Properties of Line coding
 When line coding is done to make more

bits transmit on a single signal, the
bandwidth that are being used is
reduced
 for a given bandwidth, the power is
efficiently used.
 There should be immunity to noise and
interference.
Properties of Line coding
 There should be self-synchronizing i.e., both
receiver and sender clock should be synchronized.
 DC component can be eliminated; this allows AC
(capacitor or transformer) coupling between stages
(as in telephone lines). Can control baseline
wander (baseline wander shifts the position of the
signal waveform relative to the detector threshold
and leads to severe erosion of noise margin).
 Error detection capabilities.
 Bandwidth usage; the possibility of transmitting at a
higher rate than other schemes over the same
bandwidth.
Properties of Line Coding
 At the very least the LINE-CODE
ENCODER serves as an interface
between the TTL level signals of the
transmitter and those of the analog
channel. Likewise, the LINE-CODE
DECODER serves as an interface
between the analog signals of the
channel and the TTL level signals
required by the digital receiver.
3 Types of Line Coding
 Unipolar: all the signal levels are either A +or 0.

(NRZ,RZ)
 Polar : the voltages are on the both sides of the
axis. A+ or A-. (NRZ,Manchester)
 Bipolar : there are three voltage levels positive,
negative, and zero. The voltage level for one
data element is at zero, while the voltage level
for the other element alternates between positive
and negative.(NRZ,RZ)
Variety of types of Line
coding
 NRZ - (Non Return to zero)
1 0
Tb
Signal does not return to zero at the middle of
the bit thus it is called NRZ.
coding
 RZ - (Return to zero)
1 0
Tb/2 Tb
The Signal goes to 0 in the middle of each bit.

coding
Manchester Pulse
1 0
Tb/2 Tb
at half duration there is transient from high to low

or low to high.
Basic Pulse shaping
techniques
Bit Level
UNIPOLAR 1 = A+
0=0
POLAR 1 = A+
0 = A-
BIPOLAR 1 = A + , A-
0=0
Unipolar NRZ
1 1 0 1 1 0
0
Unipolar RZ
1 1 0 1
0
Polar NRZ
1 1 0 1 1 0
0
Polar RZ
1 1 0 1
0
Bipolar NRZ
1 1 0 1 1
0
Bipolar RZ
1 1 0 1
0
Polar Manchester
1 1 0 1 1
0
FURTHER
CLASSIFICATION
 Polar Signaling:
Binary 1’s and 0’s are represented by equal
positive and negative levels
 Bipolar (Pseudoternary) Signaling:
Binary 1’s are represented by alternating

positive or negative values. The binary 0 is
represented by a zero level. The term
pseudoternary refers to the use of 3 encoded
signal levels to represent two–level (binary)
data. This is also called alternate mark
inversion (AMI) signaling.
FURTHER
CLASSIFICATION
 Manchester Signaling:
Each binary 1 is represented by a
positive half–bit period pulse followed
by a negative half–bit period pulse.
Similarly, a binary 0 is represented by a
negative half–bit period pulse followed
by a positive half–bit period pulse. This
type of signaling is also called split–
phase encoding.
DESIRABLE PROPERTIES
OF A LINE CODES
Self–Synchronisation: There is enough timing in
formation built into the code so that bit synchronisers
can extract the timing or clock signal. A long series of
binary 1’s or 0’s should not cause a problem in time
recovery.
Low Probability of Bit Error: Receivers can be
designed that will recover the binary data with a low
probability of bit error when the input data is corrupted
by noise or ISI.
A Spectrum that is Suitable for the Channel: For
example, if the channel is AC coupled, the PSD of the
line code signal should be negligible at frequencies near
0. In addition, the signal bandwidth needs to be
sufficiently small compared to the channel bandwidth, so
that ISI will not be a problem.
People Behind the Video
Mr.DELA CRUZ, JOHN VINCENT
Mr.BENAVENTE, JOSHUA
Mr.IYOY, ANGELO

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LINE CODING

MODULATION AND CODING TECHNIQUES

 When line coding is done to make more

 Unipolar: all the signal levels are either A +or 0.

The Signal goes to 0 in the middle of each bit.

at half duration there is transient from high to low

Binary 1’s are represented by alternating

Mr.DELA CRUZ, JOHN VINCENT

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