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    Chapter 8 3 Phase AC Circuits

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    Kì Hyö Jüng
    This document discusses three phase AC circuits. It describes polyphase systems, advantages of polyphase over single phase systems, star and mesh connections, power formulas, and measurement techniques. Key points covered include: - Polyphase systems have voltages that do not reach maximum at the same time. - Polyphase machines and transmission lines are simpler, cheaper and more efficient than single phase equivalents. - Star and mesh connections determine how the phases are interconnected. - Power formulas are used to calculate real, reactive and apparent power based on voltage, current and power factor. - Two wattmeter and single wattmeter methods are used to measure power in balanced three phase systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 8 3 Phase AC Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Kì Hyö Jüng
    774 views47 pages
    This document discusses three phase AC circuits. It describes polyphase systems, advantages of polyphase over single phase systems, star and mesh connections, power formulas, and measurement techniques. Key points covered include: - Polyphase systems have voltages that do not reach maximum at the same time. - Polyphase machines and transmission lines are simpler, cheaper and more efficient than single phase equivalents. - Star and mesh connections determine how the phases are interconnected. - Power formulas are used to calculate real, reactive and apparent power based on voltage, current and power factor. - Two wattmeter and single wattmeter methods are used to measure power in balanced three phase systems.

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    431140938 Chapter 8 3 Phase AC Circuits

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    This document discusses three phase AC circuits. It describes polyphase systems, advantages of polyphase over single phase systems, star and mesh connections, power formulas, and measurement techniques. Key points covered include: - Polyphase systems have voltages that do not reach maximum at the same time. - Polyphase machines and transmission lines are simpler, cheaper and more efficient than single phase equivalents. - Star and mesh connections determine how the phases are interconnected. - Power formulas are used to calculate real, reactive and apparent power based on voltage, current and power factor. - Two wattmeter and single wattmeter methods are used to measure power in balanced three phase systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    774 views47 pages

    Chapter 8 3 Phase AC Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Kì Hyö Jüng
    This document discusses three phase AC circuits. It describes polyphase systems, advantages of polyphase over single phase systems, star and mesh connections, power formulas, and measurement techniques. Key points covered include: - Polyphase systems have voltages that do not reach maximum at the same time. - Polyphase machines and transmission lines are simpler, cheaper and more efficient than single phase equivalents. - Star and mesh connections determine how the phases are interconnected. - Power formulas are used to calculate real, reactive and apparent power based on voltage, current and power factor. - Two wattmeter and single wattmeter methods are used to measure power in balanced three phase systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 47

    THREE PHASE AC CIRCUITS

    BY:
    ALCALA, LEE-AR
    CANOY, REGIE REX
    CONDE, ROMEL
    SUMALINOG, JET WARREN
    POLYPHASE SYTEM
    • IT CONSISTS OF AN ARRANGEMENT
    WITH TWO OR MORE SIMILAR SINGIE-
    PHASE SYSTEMS IN WHICH THE
    MAXIMUM VALUES OF THE
    INDEPENDENT VOLTAGES DO NOT
    OCCUR AT THE SAME TIME.
    ADVANTAGES OF POLYPHASE SYSTEM OVER
    SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM:

    POLYPHASE MACHINES LIKE MOTORS, GENERATORS


    AND TRANSFORMERS ARE SIMPLER, CHEAPER, AND
    MORE EFFICIENT.
    POLYPHASE TRANSMISSION LINES CAN DELIVER MORE
    POWER FOR A GIVEN WEIGHT AND COST.
    • VOLTAGE REGULATION OF POLYPHASE LINES IS
    INHERENTLY BETTER
    N-PHASE STAR-
    CONNECTED SYSTEM
    ONE TERMINAL OF EACH
    PHASE (WINDINGS) IS
    CONNECTED TOGETHER
    WHILE THE OTHER
    TERMINALS REPRESENT
    THE LINE TERMINALS.
    • WHERE;
    • VL = LINE TO LINE
    VOLTAGE
    • VP = PHASE VOLTAGE
    • IL = LINE CURRENT
    • IP = PHASE CURRENT
    N-PHASE MESH-
    • CONNECTED
    EACH PHASE SYSTEM
    (WINDINGS) IS
    CONNECTED END TO
    END THUS FORMING A
    CLOSED GEOMETRIC
    FIGURE. THE LINE
    TERMINALS ARE
    TAPPED AT EACH Where:
    PHASE TERMINALS. Vl = Line to line voltage
    Vp = Phase voltage
    Il = line current
    Ip = phase current
    N-PHASE POWER FORMULAS

    • WHERE:
    • N = NUMBER OF PHASE
    • P = REAL POWER (W)
    • Q = REACTIVE POWER (VAR)
    • S = APPARENT POWER (VA)
    • COS Θ = POWER FACTOR (PF)
    Sample problem:

    1. A 12-phase star-connected transformer bank supplies power to


    a balanced load rated 10 MW, at 4160 V at 85% pf lagging.
    Calculate the current in each line.
    THREE PHASE SYSTEM
    • IT IS AN INTERCONNECTION OF THREE SINGLE PHASE
    SYSTEMS, WHOSE VOLTAGE WAVES, THOUGH SIMILAR
    IN AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY ARE DISPLACED 120
    ELECTRICAL DEGREES APART.
    THREE PHASE SYSTEM
    PHASE SEQUENCE
    > ORDER OF ROTATION (FROM THE GENERATOR) OF
    THE COIL VOLTAGE IN A BALANCED POLYPHASE
    SYSTEM.

    Remember:
    If not specified, it will be standard
    to assume a positive phase
    sequence.
    WYE OR THREE-PHASE STAR-CONNECTED
    BALANCED SYSTEM
    WYE OR THREE-PHASE STAR-CONNECTED
    BALANCED SYSTEM
    • PHASOR DIAGRAM WITH VAB AS REFERENCE:

    Remember:
    The angle between phase
    voltage and line to line voltage
    in a balance three phase system
    is 30°.
    WYE OR THREE-PHASE STAR-CONNECTED
    BALANCED SYSTEM
    • IN COMPLEX NUMBER FORMAT: (REFER TO THE
    VECTOR DIAGRAM AS SHOWN)
    DELTA OR THREE-PHASE MESH-CONNECTED
    BALANCE SYSTEM
    DELTA-CONNECTED BALANCED LOADS
    Sample problem:
    Three identical impedances of 8 + j6 ohms are connected
    in delta across a balanced 208 V, 3-phase, 60 Hz system.
    Determine the line current drawn.
    DELTA-CONNECTED UNBALANCE LOADS

    Remember:
    All computations (add, substract,
    multiply, and divide) must be done
    under complex number format and
    procedures.
    Sample problem:
    A 120-V per phase, three-phase Y connected source
    delivers power to the following delta-connected load:
    Phase A: 40 angle 0° ; Phase B= 20 angle -60° ; Phase C:
    15 angle 45° . Determine the three line currents.
    WYE-CONNECTED BALANCED LOADS
    Sample problem:
    A balanced three-phase load is Wye-connected and has an
    impedance Zp = 4 – j3 ohms per phase. Find the line
    current if this load is connected across a 220 volts  3-
    phase source.
    WYE-CONNECTED UNBALANCE LOADS WITH
    NEUTRAL

    Note:
    Due to the presence of the neutral wire, the
    magnitude of the phase voltage VAN, VBN are
    equal
    • WHERE:
    IN = CURRENT IN THE NEUTRAL WIRE
    Sample problem:
    The Primary of a 34. 5 kV/13 8 kV, 50MVA transformer
    is Wye-grounded. The three primary currents are: Ia= 720
    cis -30°; Ib= 695 cls 209°, Ic =710 cis 88°. Determine the
    neutral current.
    WYE-CONNECTED UNBALANCE LOADS WITHOUT
    NEUTRAL

    Hint: Transform the unbalanced wye connected


    loads to an equivalent delta connected loads and
    analyzed the problem as an unbalanced delta
    connected loads.
    Sample problem:
    Three resistors 10, 15 and 30 ohmic values are
    connected in wye-configuration to a balanced 208-volt
    three-phase supply. Calculate the total power of the
    system.
    THREE-PHASE POWER
    FORMULAS

    Remember:
    Power factor angle is the angle
    between phase voltage and phase
    current.
    Sample problem:
    A 170 kV. , 3-phase electric source delivers 200 MVA to
    a balanced load, which has a power factor of 90%
    lagging. What is the line current?
    Sample problem:
    A generator supplies 3-phase power to balnced load. The
    voltage is 230 volts, the current is 18 A and power factor
    is 85%. What is the power?
    Sample problem:
    The phase b voltage and the phase b current of a balance
    three-phase system are V = 220 sin (wt+210°) and I = 10
    sin (wt-180°)
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENTS
    Two-wattmeter Method
    used to measure power on a 3-phase, 3-wire system (balanced
    or unbalanced loads).
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENTS
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENTS
    Sample problem:
    The following load impedances are connected across the lines of a balanced
    220V, 3-phase system: ZAB = 8+j6; ZBC = 8.66-j5; and ZCA = 10+j0
    ohms, respectively. What will be the reading of the two wattmeters
    connected to measure total power? Use line A as the common potential
    point, With ABC phase sequence.
    Sample problem:
    NPC used to wattmeters to measure 3phase balanced Y-connected lagging
    power factor motor load. Each wattmeter indicates 15.4 kW. The voltage
    coils are connected across line 2 and 3, and across lines1 and 3,
    respectively. The line to line voltages are 230 Volts with V12 leading V23
    and the line currents are each 120 A. Calculate the total power supplied.
    TWO-WATTMETER READINGS IF LOAD IS
    BALANCED
    Sample problem:
    Obtain the readings of two wattmeters in a three-phase, three-wire system
    having effective line voltage of 240V. The load is a balanced delta
    connected load impedance of 20 cis 80° ohms.
    Note: By inspection, the power factor angle is 80°.
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT FOR
    BALANCED LOADS USING ONLY A SINGLE
    WATTMETER
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT FOR
    BALANCED LOADS USING ONLY A SINGLE
    WATTMETER
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT FOR
    BALANCED LOADS USING ONLY A SINGLE
    WATTMETER
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT FOR
    BALANCED LOADS USING ONLY A SINGLE
    WATTMETER
    THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT FOR
    BALANCED LOADS USING ONLY A SINGLE
    WATTMETER
    SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
    SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
    SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
    SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS
    Sample problem:
    Three-phase unbalanced currents are: Ia = 10 cis (-30°); Ib =0; Ic = 10 cis
    150° What is the phase b positive sequence component?
    Sample problem:
    The phase A sequence components of three-phase currents are I zero = 0; I
    pos =, 90+j5.78; I neg = 10 – j5. 78. Determine phase C current.
    THE END

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