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    Genetic Engineering

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    Oliver Anthony Hasta
    Genetic engineering involves modifying the DNA of living organisms to create something new. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have genes transferred from one organism to another. Techniques for genetic engineering include artificial selection, cloning, and gene splicing. Artificial selection involves breeding organisms with desired traits through selective breeding, hybridization, or inbreeding. Cloning creates an organism that is an identical genetic copy, while gene splicing allows genes to be transferred between organisms.

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    Genetic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Oliver Anthony Hasta
    2K views15 pages
    Genetic engineering involves modifying the DNA of living organisms to create something new. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have genes transferred from one organism to another. Techniques for genetic engineering include artificial selection, cloning, and gene splicing. Artificial selection involves breeding organisms with desired traits through selective breeding, hybridization, or inbreeding. Cloning creates an organism that is an identical genetic copy, while gene splicing allows genes to be transferred between organisms.

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    Genetic engineering involves modifying the DNA of living organisms to create something new. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have genes transferred from one organism to another. Techniques for genetic engineering include artificial selection, cloning, and gene splicing. Artificial selection involves breeding organisms with desired traits through selective breeding, hybridization, or inbreeding. Cloning creates an organism that is an identical genetic copy, while gene splicing allows genes to be transferred between organisms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views15 pages

    Genetic Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Oliver Anthony Hasta
    Genetic engineering involves modifying the DNA of living organisms to create something new. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have genes transferred from one organism to another. Techniques for genetic engineering include artificial selection, cloning, and gene splicing. Artificial selection involves breeding organisms with desired traits through selective breeding, hybridization, or inbreeding. Cloning creates an organism that is an identical genetic copy, while gene splicing allows genes to be transferred between organisms.

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    Genetic Engineering

    • Genetic engineering: Changing the DNA in


    living organisms to create something new.

    • This organisms are called Genetically


    Modified Organism (GMO)

    • Example:
    • Bacteria that produce human insulin

    • Genetically Modified organism are called


    transgenic organism; since genes are
    transferred from one organism to another.
    Some genetic engineering techniques are
    as follows:
    1. Artificial selection
    A. selective breeding
    B. hybridization
    C. inbreeding

    2. Cloning
    3. Gene splicing
    4. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA
    1. artificial selection: breeders choose which
    organism to mate to produce offspring with
    desired traits.

    • They cannot control what genes are passed.


    • When they get offspring with the desired traits,
    the maintain them.

    Three types of artificial selection:


    A. selective breeding
    B. hybridization
    C. inbreeding
    A. Selective breeding: when animals with desired
    characteristics are mated to produce offspring
    with those desired traits.
    • Passing of important genes to next generation.
    • Example: Champion race horses, cows with
    tender meat, large juicy oranges on a tree.
    • For example people breed dogs for specific
    purposes.
    • Dachshund were once bred to hunt badgers
    and other burrowing animals.
    • They must be small to fit into the animals hole
    in the ground.
    • Selective breeding occurs when you choose the
    best male and female to breed.
    • This allows you to fine tune and control the
    traits
    • The offspring or babies will then have the best
    traits.
    • Then you continue to breed those organism
    with the best traits, those traits will be
    maintained.
    • Examples of
    selective breeding:

    • Angus cows are bred to


    increase muscle mass so
    that we get more meat,

    • Egg-Laying Hen-
    produces more eggs
    than the average hen
    • B. Hybridizations: two individuals with unlike
    characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both
    organisms.
    • Example: Luther Burbank created a disease resistant
    potato called the Burbank potato.
    • He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had
    a large food producing capacity.
    • Result: disease resistant plant that makes a lot of
    potatoes.
    Other Examples of hybridization:
    1. Liger: lion and tiger mix
    2. Grape + apple= grapple. The fruit
    tastes like grapes and looks like apple.
    C. Inbreeding breeding of organism that
    genetically similar to maintain desired traits.
    • Dogs breeds are kept pure this way.
    • Its how a Doberman remains a Doberman.
    • It keeps each breed unique from others.
    • Risk: since both have the same genes, the
    chance that a baby will get a recessive genetic
    disorder is high.
    • Risks: blindness, joint deformities.
    2. Cloning: creating an organism that is an
    exact genetic copy of another.
    • Clone: group of cells or
    organisms that are genetically
    identical as a result of asexual
    reproduction
    They will have the same exact
    DNA as the parent.
    How is cloning done?
    ► A single cell is removed from a parent
    organism.
    ► An entire individual is grown from that cell.
    ► Remember one cell has all the DNA needed
    to make an entire organism.
    ► Each cell in the body has the same DNA, but
    cells vary because different genes are turned
    on in each cell.
    Dolly:
    • Dolly was the first
    mammal cloned.
    • She had the same exact
    DNA as her mother and
    had no father.
    • Cloning is a form of
    asexual reproduction.
    • Only one genetic parent.

    http://content.tutorvista.com/biology_11/content/media/cloning.swf

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