Process: What Processes Will Be Engaged in During The Development of The Portfolio?

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Process: What processes will be

engaged in during the development of


the portfolio?
 One of the greatest attributes is its potential
for focusing on the processes of learning.
 But we do not give sufficient attention to the
processes required to create those products
or outcomes, the processes involved in self-
diagnosis and self-improvement, or the
metacognitive processes of thinking.
There are three common processes
adopted in portfolio design:
Selection of contents of the portfolio;
Reflection on the samples of work and
processes; and
Conferencing about the contents and
processes.
Selection of Contents

 Its identifying the purpose(s) for the


portfolio should drive the selection
process.
For ex: for an evaluation portfolio, the
teacher might decide which samples need
to be included to evaluate students
progress.
How might the selection take place?
 It will describe the possible avenues for
selecting which samples will be included
in a portfolio.

When?
 When a sample of work is completed
 At periodic intervals
 At the end of the…
By whom?
• By the student
• By the teacher
• By the teacher and student
• By peers
• By parents
Based on what criteria?
 Best work
 Evidence of growth
 Evidence of achievement
 Evidence of standards met
 Favorite/most important piece
 One or more of the above
Reflection on Sample of Work
Many educators who work with portfolios
consider the reflection component the
most critical element of a good portfolio.
As Paulson, Paulson and Meyer (1991)
stated, “ The portfolio is something that is
done by the student, not to the student.”
Most importantly, it is something done for
the student.
In the reflection phase students are
typically asked to:
 Comment on why specific samples were selected or
 Comment on what they liked and did not like in the samples or
 Comment on or identify the processes involved in developing
specific products or performances or
 Describe and point to examples of how specific skills or
knowledge improved (or did not) or
 Identify strengths and weaknesses in samples of work or
 Set goals for themselves corresponding to the strengths and
weaknesses or
 Identify strategies for reaching those goals or
 Assess their past and current self-efficacy for a task or skill or
 Some combination of the above
Reflection sheets
Selection questions/prompts
Growth questions/prompts
Goal-setting questions/prompts
Evaluation questions/prompts
Effort questions/prompts
Overall portfolio
questions/prompts
Other reflection methods
 In addition to reflection sheets, teachers have devised a myriad
of means of inducing reflection from students and others about
the collection of work included in the portfolio. For example,
those engaging in reflection can;

 Write a letter to a specific audience about the story the portfolio


communicates
 Write a “biography” of a piece of work tracing its development
and the learning that resulted
 Write periodic journal entries about the progress of the portfolio
 Compose an imaginary new “chapter” that picks up where the
story of the portfolio leaves off
 Orally share reflections on any of the above questions/prompts
Conferencing on Student Work and
Processes
 With 20 or 30 more students in a classroom,
one-on-one conversations between the
teacher and student are difficult to regularly
arrange. That is unfortunate because the
given and take of face-to-face interaction
can provide the teacher with valuable
information about the student’s thinking and
progress and provide the student with
meaningful feedback.
Conferencing typically takes
several forms:

 Teacher/Student
 Teacher/Small group
 Student/Student
THANK YOU!

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