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    Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter 21

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    Keri-Ann Howell

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    Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter 21

    Uploaded by

    Keri-Ann Howell
    14 views17 pages

    Original Title

    Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter 21 (1)

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    14 views17 pages

    Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter 21

    Uploaded by

    Keri-Ann Howell

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Bell Ringer

    • What is subduction? At what kind of plate


    boundary does subduction take place?
    Earthquakes
    • When rocks slide past one another (transform
    boundary) vibrations occur which are called
    earthquakes.
    • Earthquakes occur at the boundaries of
    tectonic plates.
    • If plates cannot move freely past each other
    stress builds up until the rocks can break free.
    Earthquakes
    • Focus- the exact point inside the Earth where
    the earthquake started.
    • Epicenter- the point on the Earth’s surface
    directly above the focus.
    Earthquakes
    • We already know P waves and S waves carry
    energy during earthquakes.
    • Surface waves move only across Earth’s
    surface. These waves happen as a result of
    Earth’s mass shaking like a bell. These are the
    most destructive waves.
    Earthquakes
    • Seismology- the study of earthquakes.
    Seismologists use seismographs to measure
    earthquakes.
    Earthquakes
    • Richter scale- how scientists measure
    earthquake strength. The scale is from 1 to
    10. Each step in the scale is a 30 fold increase.
    Volcanoes
    • A volcano is an opening in Earth’s crust
    through which magma travels to Earth’s
    surface.
    • Openings in the Earth’s crust are called vents.
    • Ash is made of molten rock, small rock, and
    mineral particles.
    Bell Ringer
    • Volcanoes occur when there is an opening in
    the Earth’s ____________.

    • These openings are called ___________.


    Volcanoes
    • Shield Volcanoes
    – Magma is rich in Fe and Mg so it flows long
    distances.
    – Eruptions aren’t very explosive and can occur
    several times.
    – Gently sloping mountains
    – Some of the largest volcanoes
    Volcanoes
    • Composite Volcanoes
    – Made of layers of ash, cinders, and lava
    – Magma is thick and rich in silica
    – Eruptions alternate between lava flows and
    explosions.
    – Typically tall with steeper slopes.
    Volcanoes
    • Cinder Cones
    – These are the most common and the smallest
    volcanoes
    – Large amounts of gas become trapped in the
    magma and violent eruptions happen.
    – Ash and lava are thrown from the vent. It falls
    down and forms the cone shape.
    Volcanoes
    • The Ring of Fire is around the edges of the
    Pacific Ocean where there is a convergent
    plate boundary. 75% of active volcanoes are
    found here.
    • Underwater volcanoes happen at divergent
    boundaries.
    • Iceland is a volcanic island that is expanding
    from the center.
    Bell Ringer
    • What are the three types of volcanoes?

    • Sketch an example of each.


    Bell Ringer
    • Which country is expanding from its center
    due to volcanic activity?

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