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    Ladakh

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    FAB ARCHITECTS
    The document discusses the architecture of Ladakh, a cold climate region in India. [1] Traditional Ladakhi architecture uses thick earthen walls, small windows facing south, and insulation techniques like filling wall cavities and ceilings with materials like wood shavings to retain heat. [2] The SECMOL School in Leh demonstrates modern passive design for the climate with thick earthen walls, south-facing windows, skylights, insulation, and natural lighting. [3] Both traditional and modern buildings in Ladakh emphasize passive solar strategies and thermal mass to maintain comfortable temperatures with minimal energy needs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ladakh

    Uploaded by

    FAB ARCHITECTS
    34 views9 pages
    The document discusses the architecture of Ladakh, a cold climate region in India. [1] Traditional Ladakhi architecture uses thick earthen walls, small windows facing south, and insulation techniques like filling wall cavities and ceilings with materials like wood shavings to retain heat. [2] The SECMOL School in Leh demonstrates modern passive design for the climate with thick earthen walls, south-facing windows, skylights, insulation, and natural lighting. [3] Both traditional and modern buildings in Ladakh emphasize passive solar strategies and thermal mass to maintain comfortable temperatures with minimal energy needs.

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    The document discusses the architecture of Ladakh, a cold climate region in India. [1] Traditional Ladakhi architecture uses thick earthen walls, small windows facing south, and insulation techniques like filling wall cavities and ceilings with materials like wood shavings to retain heat. [2] The SECMOL School in Leh demonstrates modern passive design for the climate with thick earthen walls, south-facing windows, skylights, insulation, and natural lighting. [3] Both traditional and modern buildings in Ladakh emphasize passive solar strategies and thermal mass to maintain comfortable temperatures with minimal energy needs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views9 pages

    Ladakh

    Uploaded by

    FAB ARCHITECTS
    The document discusses the architecture of Ladakh, a cold climate region in India. [1] Traditional Ladakhi architecture uses thick earthen walls, small windows facing south, and insulation techniques like filling wall cavities and ceilings with materials like wood shavings to retain heat. [2] The SECMOL School in Leh demonstrates modern passive design for the climate with thick earthen walls, south-facing windows, skylights, insulation, and natural lighting. [3] Both traditional and modern buildings in Ladakh emphasize passive solar strategies and thermal mass to maintain comfortable temperatures with minimal energy needs.

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    T.

    BHARATH RAJ -20011NA009

    THERMAL COMFORT BASED ON CLIMATE ZONES


    CLIMATIC ZONE : Cold & Sunny Climate
    REGION : LEH , LADHAK

    LADAKHI ARCHITECTURE
    1. Introduction :

    • Ladakh, the Persian transliteration of the Tibetan societies, is a district which is


    located in the state of Jammu & Kashmir.

    • It extends from Kunlun mountain range to the main great Himalayas to the
    south.

    • The highest platue of the state of Jammu & Kashmir.

    • Ladakh is inhabited by the people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan.

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS


    3. Settlement Planning :
    • In houses are very close to each other – Reduce heat losses

    •The streets are stepped in organic pattern – Due to Topography.

    •The old town, consisting of two hundred stone, mud and timber houses
    located on the slope below the palace.

    •There are number of ancient stupa gateways. – Religious influence.

    Streets

    Closely Packed Dwelling Units Stupas in Ladakh Closely Packed Dwelling Units

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS


    4. Spatial Planning in Dwelling Units :
    •The main multipurpose room has a large window facing sun.
    •In most houses, there is a single large room with an oven in the
    corner which is used for cooling as well as heating the Interior
    spaces.
    •The ceiling height is low to provide the Ground Floor Plan
    required insulation in all the areas. First Floor Plan
    Every possible care is taken to trap the
    heat and maintain the temperature
    inside to create comfort.

    Floor Plan

    Section Elevation

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS


    Sundried Mud Blocks
    5. Material & Construction Details :
    •The houses are made of mud, stone and
    sometimes reinforced with horizontally placed Walls
    timber members.
    •The walls are either made of sun
    dried bricks or rammed earth.
    • Cavity (Air Gap) left between the walls for insulation.
    Foundations:
    Foundation of a traditional Dwelling.
    • Foundations are built in stone. Wall Finish

    •Walls are built upon foundations which are raises above the ground level. The • Walls are mud plastered.
    top of the foundation is not wider than the bottom of the wall to avoid any • Walls are painted white using
    structural damage in case of earthquakes. lime.

    Traditional House in Mud of Leh Traditional settlement of Leh Dwelling Painted in White using Lime

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS


    5. Material & Construction Details :

    Roofs Sills & Lintels


    •Roofs are constructed in flat spans by using wooden
    beams, rafters, willow stick joists and decking is laid on •The sills are jambs are often coloured in Red or
    which woven straw mats are placed for strengthening. Black. These timber lintels and plaster bands are the
    distinguishable features of the Ladakhi Architecture.
    •A 15 to 20 cm layer of dry grass, hay etc. Is spread over
    the layer of decking and finally finished with plaster of
    clayey mud.

    Roof Construction System

    Stage-2, Decking Laid Stage-3, 15 to 20 cm layer of dry Sill and Jambs in black
    Stage-1, Wooden beams Ornamented doors and windows
    grass, hay etc. Laid over decking and color.
    and Rafters laid finished with plaster of clayey mud.

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS


    6. Insulation Techniques :
    Outer walls
    Ceiling
    •The outer walls are insulated by a jacket wall outside
    the main structural wall.
    • During the day time, The natural heat collected is
    •The six inch gap between the two walls is filled with
    retained in these materials.
    low cost insulation : saw dust, wood shavings or
    •The wood waste produced during the construction is
    sometimes paper and plastic garbage like bottles and
    filled in the ceiling to stop heat loss through the roof.
    bags.
    •Sometimes cow dung is used as an insulating plaster.
    Mixes with the right amount of earth and clay, It
    makes a strong and thermally effective plaster.

    Space between beam & rafters Outer wall plastered with cow dung
    filled with wood shavings mixed with earth & clay

    • The thick walls are built of rammed earth, an eco-


    friendly method. Schematic Section Showing Schematic Section Showing Material Excavated
    •These walls essentially function as the heat bank built structure 1m below the and Re-used to built
    Earth & South facing Window
    (thermal mass). They absorb the excess solar heat openings
    during the day and release it at night time.
    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS
    SECMOL School In Leh

    • Location :Leh,Ladakh

    • temperature variation from 20°C in summer to -


    30°C in winter.
    • designed by Sonam WangchuK Passive Features Adopted:
    • Windows have been provided on south side as the sun moves low in
    This TERRA Award winning SECMOL School building in
    the southern sky in winters and keeps the building warm.
    Leh (Ladakh) is virtually an epitome of contemporary
    rammed-earth construction and passive solar architecture.
    • Skylights are covered with glass or clear plastic to keep warm air
    indoors.

    • Thick earthen walls and floors help in storing collected heat.

    • Insulation has been provided in roof, outer walls, and in some places
    under the floor.

    • Natural lighting has been provided in abundance so electricity is not


    needed for light in daytime.

    • Roof is insulated with wood waste generated during the


    construction to stop heat loss through it.

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS


    SOURCE :https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/epefn/terraawarded_secmol_school_in_leh_is_epitome_of_rammed_earth_passive_solar_architecture.html
    LADHAKHI ARCHITECTURE MODERN BUILDING WITH PASSIVE STRATERGIES
    SECMOL School In Leh

    WINDOWS

    Traditional House in Mud of Leh

    FACADE

    Outer wall plastered with cow dung


    mixed with earth & clay

    Sill and Jambs in black


    color. ROOF/ FLOORING

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR INTERIORS

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