Museum Technique 1

WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

DEPARTMENET OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
COURSE TITTLE -HISTOPATHOLOGY
COURSE CODE -MeLSM3283
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
GROUP -3
submitted to Asst prof . Absira. S
submitted date 08/05/2015 E.C

Museum Technique
Objectives
Describe museum technique .
Methods(steps) used in handling museum specimens.
Technique of specimen preservation.

outline
 Introdution
1.1.Reception of specimen
1.2.preparation of specimen
1.3.Fixation of specimen
1.4.Restoration of specimen
1.5.Preserevation of specimen
1.6.Presentation of specimen
1.7. Mounting of specimen
_ Summery
_Reference
Introduction
 Museum :
_a place to exhibit (display) objects
_an instrument of research and a plat form for personal
teaching and perform other purposes.
 Medical museum are institution that store and exhibit objects of historical and
scientific that has links to medicine or health.
 Museum technique is a pathological technique which involves different steps
such as;reception,preparation,fixation,restoration,preservation ,mounting and
presentation.
The specimens may come from a number of sources such as ;hospitals opration
room,post mortem room,or research laboratorys.
 Many medical colleges and hospitals have a museum which serve
many functions ;
1) permanent exhibition of common specimens for undergraduate
and postgraduate teaching purpose.
2) illustrating specimens for rarity.
3) permanent sources of histological material and for gross and

microscopic photography.
purpose of museum technique;
To collect ,preserve ,interprate and display specimen for scientific
significance for the education of the public .
To study the original shape and colour of specimen.
To study the history of medicine .
To demonstrate the organs in the educational center.
Basic steps of museum technique
processing
1.1 Reception of specimen

• Any specimen received in the muesum should be recored in a
reception book and given a number followed by year (e.g 32/2019).
• This number will stay with specimen even after it is catalogued in its
recepetive place .This number written on tie-on type lable in indelible
ink and is firmly attached or stiched to the specimen.
• The reception book should contain all necessary information about
the specimen(clinical,gross and microscopic findings).
1.2 Preparation of specimen
• An ideal specimen is received fresh in unfixed state.
• However,it is mostly obtianed from pathology labratory after being
examined ,this will already be formalin fixed.
• if planning to use a specimen for museum,part of it can be kept
without disturbing for museum,e.g in kideny it can be bisected and
one half kept aside of museum .
1.3 Fixation of specimen
The objective of fixation is to preserve cells and tissue constituents in as close
a life like state as possible and to allow them to undergo further preparative
producers without changes.
Fixation arrests autolysis and bacterial decomposation and stabilizes the
cellular and tissue constituents.
The fixatives used in museum all over the world are based on formalin
fixatives technique ,and are drived from Kasierling technique and his
modification .
Kasierling recommended that the initial fixation be a neutral formalin
( K-I) solution and then transfrred to afinal preserving glycerin solution (K-III)
for long term display.
1.3.1 Kasierling,s Technique
 It advocates the uses of solution of formalin,water ,potassium nitrate
and potassium acetate for fixation and other steps.
Fixation of specimen
 The specimen needs to be kept in a large enough container which can
accomodate specimen along with 3-4 times volume of fixative.
 specimen is stored in the Kasierling -I solution for one month depending
on the size of specimen.
 The specimen should not rest on bottom or an artifical flat surface will be
produced on hardening due to fixation .
Kasierling I solution
•Formalin -1 Liter
• Potassium acetate -45gm
• Potassium nitrate -25gm
• distilled water -make up to 10 Liters
1.4 Restoration of specimen
• it is required to restore the specimen ,as they lose their natural colour
on fixation.
• The recommended method is kasierling method.
• it involves removing the specimen,washing it in running water and
transferring to 95 %alcohol for 10 minutes to 1 hour depending on the
size of specimen .
• The specimen is then kept and observed for colour change for around
1-15 hrs.
• After this steps,specimen ready for preservation.
1.4.1 Kasierling II solution
• Alcohol 95 %
• store this specimen in this solution for 10 minutes to 1 hrs depending on size
of specimen.
Rejuvenator Solution
 pyridine -100ml
 sodium hydrosulphite -100gm
 Distilled water -4 Liters
Formalin decreases the natural colour of the
specimen .However ,rejuventor solution restore the colour.
1.5 Preservation of specimen
The recommended solution for this step is Kasierling III. this is the
final solution in which the specimen will for display . it is based on
glycerine solution .
Kasierling III solution;

potassium acetate -1416gm
Glycerin -4 Liter
Distilled water -make up to 10 liters
• Thymol crystals added to prevent moulds.
• Leave the solution to stand for 2-3 days before used to ensure proper
mixing of chemicals.
• Add 1 % pyridine as stablizer.this solution act as permanent fixative.
• This solution easily turn yellowish and need to be replaced to restore
the colour of the specimen.
• The specimen will initially float to the surface but later sink to bottom.
1.6 Presentation of specimen
• Initially all museum specimen were mounted in clyndrical jars and
scaled with shep bladder walls.Later they were replaced by
rectangular jars .They were better than clyndrical ones as the flat
surface afforded a clear view of specimens without distortion .they
covered by rectangular glass plates.
• These jars can be purchased ready made or assembled in museum
itself ,as per need.
• Nowadays ,perpex jars also avaliable ,which are lighter than glass jars.
• however,they cannot be used to store specimen fixed in alcohol or
methyl salicylate as they react with plastices.
1.7 Mounting of specimen
• To support the specimen within
its jar,it is attached to the
specimen plate or rectangular
bent glass rods.
• it can be done trying the
specimen with nylon threads.
• Double knot should be made by
threads ,on the specimen surface.
• The mounted specimen should
be in an anatomical postion.
• Numbering of the specimen is important.
• Specimen should be numbered according to system;e.g
GIT,respiratory ,CVS ,Excretory system.
• First two digits used for system ,then there should be point used for
organs included in that system.
• e.g
GIT -01
Esophagus -01.1
stomach -01.2 etc.
Summary
•The museum technique involves the steps such as
reception,preparation,fixation,restoration,preservation,mouting
and presentation of specimen.
•The specimen may come from a number of sources like: hospitals
opretion room ,post-mortem room,or resarch laboratories.
•it is necessary to make accurate result.
•All the medical coucils of various country made it complsion to
develop pathology museum in medical education.
•These model can be used to :
_ serve as a personal teaching tool
_ demonstrate various surgical procedures
_ Historical value
Refrenece
 Cellular pathology by culling
 Emanuel Rubin ,and John L.Farber,Essential
pathology,phliadelphia,1990.
 Mulr,s Textbook of pathology 15^th edition.
 William Boyd;Textbook of pathology ,structure and Function in
disease,Philadelphia,8^th edition.
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WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE

submitted to Asst prof . Absira. S

submitted date 08/05/2015 E.C

Methods(steps) used in handling museum specimens.

Technique of specimen preservation.

2) illustrating specimens for rarity.

3) permanent sources of histological material and for gross and

1.1 Reception of specimen

Kasierling III solution;

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