Electromagnetic Waves and Spectrum

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Hello Everyone!!
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Electromagnetic Waves
Physics II And Spectrum
N i a n Vi n c e n t A b a l a h o n
12-STEM PERSEVERANCE
CONTENTS
 Definition of
E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c Wa v e s
Physics II
ENTREPRENEURSHIP  What is Electromagnetic
Spectrum
 Discussion
 Vi d e o
Electromagnetic Waves
• Electromagnetic waves or EM waves are waves that are
created as a result of vibrations between an electric
field and a magnetic field. In other words, EM waves
are composed of oscillating magnetic and electric fields.
•
Electromagnetic waves are formed when an electric
field comes in contact with a magnetic field. They are
hence known as ‘electromagnetic’ waves. The electric
field and magnetic field of an electromagnetic wave are
perpendicular (at right angles) to each other. They are
also perpendicular to the direction of the EM wave.
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How electromagnetic waves are produced?

The creation of all electromagnetic waves begins with a charged particle. This
charged particle creates an electric field (which can exert a force on other nearby charged
particles). When it accelerates as part of an oscillatory motion, the charged particle creates
ripples, or oscillations, in its electric field, and also produces a magnetic field (as predicted by
Maxwell’s equations).
Once in motion, the electric and magnetic fields created by a charged particle
are self-perpetuating—time-dependent changes in one field (electric or magnetic) produce the
other. Both electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave will fluctuate in time, one
causing the other to change.
Electromagnetic waves (photons) are produced anytime a charged particle

experiences a change in velocity.. The electromagnetic wave (radiation) that is produced when
the charge particle changes it’s velocity is how energy is conserved. This energy is light.
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What are electromagnetic
waves used for?
Electromagnetic waves are used

to transmit long/short/FM wavelength radio
waves, and TV/telephone/wireless signals or
energies. They are also responsible for
transmitting energy in the form of microwaves,
infrared radiation (IR), visible light (VIS),
ultraviolet light (UV), X-rays, and gamma rays.
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Introduction of Electromagnetic Spectrum:
What are the types of Electromagnetic
Waves
• Radio waves: Communication
• Microwaves: Heating and data transmission
• Infrared waves: Used in remote control and
imaging applications
• Visible light: Help us see everything around us
• Ultraviolet Waves: Useful in the study of
galaxies
• X-rays: Medica instruments to view bone
structure
• Gamma rays: Nuclear energy 7
How do humans use
electromagnetic
waves?
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Radio waves
Radio waves are used for

communication such as television
and radio. Radio waves are
transmitted easily through air. They
do not cause damage if absorbed by
the human body, and they can be
reflected to change their direction.
These properties make them ideal for
communications.
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Microwaves
Microwaves are used for cooking food

and for satellite communications.
High frequency microwaves have
frequencies which are easily absorbed by
molecules in food. The internal energy of
the molecules increases when they
absorb microwaves, which causes
heating. Microwaves pass easily through
the atmosphere, so they can pass
between stations on Earth and satellites
in orbit.
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Infrared
Infrared light is used by electrical heaters,

cookers for cooking food, and by infrared
cameras which detect people in the dark.
Infrared light has frequencies which are
absorbed by some chemical bonds. The internal
energy of the bonds increases when they
absorb infrared light, which causes heating. This
makes infrared light useful for electrical heaters
and for cooking food. All objects emit infrared
light. The human eye cannot see this light, but
infrared cameras can detect it. This 'thermal
imaging' is useful for detecting people in the
dark.
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Visible light
Visible light is the light we can see. It is used in

fibre optic communications, where coded
pulses of light travel through glass fibres from a
source to a receiver.
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Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet radiation can kill bacteria that are

present in water - this sterilises the water and
makes it safe to drink. Ultraviolet radiation is
also good for the skin as it helps to make
vitamin D. However, too much exposure to UV
can cause skin problems.
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X-rays
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic

radiation similar to radio waves, microwaves,
visible light and gamma rays. X-ray photons are
highly energetic and have enough energy to
break up molecules and hence damage living
cells. When X-rays hit a material some are
absorbed and others pass through.
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Gamma rays
They have the smallest wavelengths and the

most energy of any wave in
the electromagnetic spectrum. They are
produced by the hottest and most energetic
objects in the universe, such as neutron stars
and pulsars, supernova explosions, and regions
around black holes.
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Supplementary Contents For Better
Understanding
Video is attached along

with the presentation
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP Thank you!!
N i a n Vi n c e n t A b a l a h o n

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How electromagnetic waves are produced?

Electromagnetic waves (photons) are produced anytime a charged particle

Electromagnetic waves are used

Radio waves are used for

Microwaves are used for cooking food

Infrared light is used by electrical heaters,

Visible light is the light we can see. It is used in

Ultraviolet radiation can kill bacteria that are

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic

They have the smallest wavelengths and the

Video is attached along

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